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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |
the molecule of heredity, common to all like forms, that is passed from parents to offspring. |
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Chromosome |
a single, large DNA molecule wrapped around proteins. chromosomes are located in the nuclei of most eukaryotic cells |
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Nucleotides |
the building blocks of DNA. each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. the sequence of nucleotides (As, Cs, Gs, and Ts) along a DNA strand is unique to each person |
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Double Helix |
the spiral structure formed by two strands of DNA nucleotides bound together |
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DNA Profile |
a visual representation of a person’s unique DNA sequence |
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DNA Replication |
the natural process by which cells make an identical copy of a DNA molecule |
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Complementary |
fitting together; two strands of DNA are said to be complementary in the A always pairs with T, and G always pairs with C |
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DNA Polymerase |
an enzyme that "reads" the sequence of a DNA strand and helps to add complementary nucleotides to form a new strand during DNA replication |
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Semi-Conservative |
DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because each newly made DNA molecule has one original and one new strand of DNA |
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
a laboratory technique used to replicate, and thus amplify, a specific DNA segment |
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Genome |
one complete set of genetic instructions encoded in the DNA of an organism |
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Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) |
sections of a chromosome in which DNA sequences are repeated |
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Gel Electrophoresis |
a laboratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size |
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Which of the following is not a nucleotide found in DNA? |
uracil (U) |
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If the sequence of one strand of DNA is AGTCTAGC, what is the sequence of the complementary strand? |
TCAGATCG |
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In addition to the base, what are the other components of a nucleotide? |
phosphate and sugar |
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The ________ chromosomes in a human cell from inside the cheek are found in the ________. |
46; nucleus |
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Each chromosome contains |
DNA and proteins |
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DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because a newly replicated, double-stranded DNA molecules consist of |
one strand and one new strand |
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Which of the following statements about PCR is true? |
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that copies DNA in PCR |
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Which STR will have migrated farthest through an electrophoresis gel? |
GAAG repeated twice |
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An individual’s STR may vary from the same STR of another individual by |
the number of times a particular sequence is repeated |
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Which of the following represents genetic variation between individuals? |
the sequence of nucleotides along the length of each chromosome |
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