|
____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface |
fimbrae |
|
what is the function of a bacterium’s capsule? |
protection |
|
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. |
D the nucleoid region |
|
where is a bacterial cell’s DNA found? |
nucleoid region |
|
in a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? |
ribosomes |
|
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? |
cell wall |
|
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. |
plasma membrane |
|
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. |
c the plasma membrane |
|
what is the function of the nucleus? |
it houses DNA |
|
mitosis refers to |
producing new cells |
|
what is the function of the cell membrane? |
take in and release materials |
|
Which of the following is most important to transport within a cell? nucleus |
microtubules and intracellular membranes |
|
when do cells take on their unique characteristics? |
during embryonic development |
|
beginning with the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is |
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA |
|
WHICH molecules do not normally cross the nuclear membrane? |
DNA |
|
Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is false? The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus. |
the nuclear envelope is continuous with the golgi apparatus |
|
true or false? Large proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) bind to the nuclear pore and enter the nucleus without any expenditure of energy. |
fals |
|
A small protein (molecular weight = 25,000 daltons) is injected into a cell and observed in the nucleus a short time later. What type of transport has taken place? |
passive |
|
an experiments to test whether a protein can enter the nucleus, why would proteins be labeled with fluorescent molecules? |
to make the proteins easy to see |
|
the ________ signal is only present in the fusion protein that enters the nucleus |
nuclear localization |
|
Pancreatic cells, which secrete a large amount of digestive enzymes, are labeled with radioactive leucine and then chased for several hours with nonradioactive leucine. Photographic emulsions are prepared at different times during the chase. Where would the black spots appear on an emulsion prepared 3 hours after the pulse? |
exterior of the cell |
|
What path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site of synthesis? |
rough ER, golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane |
|
What scientific hypotheses can be tested by a pulse-chase experiment? |
movement of molecules through a cell over time |
|
True or false? Proteins produced during the "chase" phase of a pulse-chase experiment are labeled with radioactive material. |
false |
|
what is the first step in a pulse-chase experiment |
incubating cells with a labeled molecule |
|
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? |
lysosome |
|
3 functions of smooth er |
Calcium ion storage lipid synthesis poinson detoxification |
|
function of rough er |
protein sunthesis |
|
function of golgi apparatus 2 |
protein modification and sorting cisternal maturation |
|
2 function of lysosomes |
autophagy macromolecule digestion |
|
which proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes? |
ER protein, insulin, lysomal enzyme |
|
the cilia and flagella of a eukaryotic cells are composed of |
microtubules |
|
which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? |
tight junctions |
|
the primary role of ______ is to bind animal cells togeher |
desmosomes |
|
______ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells |
Gap junctions (communicating) |
|
choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell’s DNA |
C the nucleus contains most of a cell’s DNA |
|
which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration |
mitochondrion |
|
which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus |
e (nucleur envelop) |
|
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein |
chromatin |
|
ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the |
nucleolus |
|
_____ are the sites of protein synthese |
ribosomes |
|
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane? |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
|
the ______ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell |
plasma membrane |
|
the _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell |
plasma |
|
where is calcium stored |
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
|
which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products? |
A the golgi apparatus modifies, stores, and packages products of theER |
|
which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? |
microtubules |
|
_____ are identical in structure to centrioles |
basal bodies |
|
what organelle produces H2O2 as a by product |
peroxime |
|
which of these provides the cell with structural support? |
D microfilaments are a component of the cytoskeleton |
|
structures found in only plant cells |
chloroplast cellulose cell wall central vacuole |
|
structure found only in animal cell |
centriole |
|
structures found in both animal and plant cells |
endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion golgi apparatus cytoskeleton plasma membrane nucleus |
|
what does the plant cell wall do |
its a strong protective structure made from cellulose fibrils |
|
what does the central vacuole do |
it regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds |
|
what does chloroplst do |
makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy |
|
mitochondrion function? |
produces chemical energy (tap) the can power the cell |
|
golgi apparatus function? |
modifies and packages proteins |
|
cell strucure of prokaryotic? |
nucleoid |
|
eukaryotic function? |
lysosome, mitochondria, nucleolus |
|
cell structue of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
ribosomes plasma membrane flagella |
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