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When Islam arose, who were peripheral to the Byzantine and Persian empires? |
Arabs |
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Critical of the polytheistic religion of his fellow Arabs, Muhammad had all the idols destroyed, however he preserved the Kaaba. Which of the following supports the reason for this preservation? |
It is the Islamic world’s symbolic center. |
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What was the Hegira? |
Muhammad’s flight from Mecca |
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How is interior architectural space defined in the Muslim world? |
By having interior walls. |
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It is said Muslims worship Allah directly without a hierarchy of clergy acting as intermediaries. However during communal gatherings, the imam would stand on a stepped pulpit or _______. |
Minbar |
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The coming of a new religion to Jerusalem, a city sacred to both Jews and Christians, is marked by a monument known as the ______. |
Dome of the Rock |
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The vault in the Hall of the Two Sisters is meant to symbolize ______. |
the dome of heaven |
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Sinan was born a Christian, converted to Islam, then trained in engineering and the art of building while still in the army. He was also court architect to Suleyman the Magnificent. Which of the following was his greatest achievement? |
Mosque of Selim II |
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The Mshatta Palace, never completed, has a rich ornamental frieze with animal figures appearing on some of the triangles. However no animal figures appear on the facade that correspond to the mosque’s qibla wall. Why is the animal figuration absent from this section of the frieze? |
The representation of fauna in a sacred place is prohibited. |
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The mihrab is a semicircular niche set in the qibla wall; its specific purpose is still being debated. Some scholars have suggested the mihrab is referencing Muhannad. Which of the following best supports this suggestion? |
It honored the place Muhammad stood when leaving communal worship. |
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What could account for the similarity in design of the stamp seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and contemporaneous sites in Mesopotamia? |
Mesopotamians moved to the Indus Valley |
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The Indus Valley civilizations arose in _____. |
Pakistan |
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To date, what has not been discovered in the Indus Valley? |
Palace of temple architecture |
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The small seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro reveals an interesting iconography. Which of the following depictions from that seal supports the Indian practice of meditation? |
Figure is in a suggested yogic posture |
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The Aryans, a mobile herding people, came to India from ______. |
Central Asia |
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Which of the following was among the innovative ideas of the Upanishads? |
Belief in an endless round of rebirths |
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The Aryan religion centered on sacrifice and ritual enactment. Which of the following would be part of the ritual practice? |
Fire |
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Gandhara, a region largely in Pakistan today and close to the Afghanistan border, was home to the Kushan Dynasty and had rich hellenized culture. Which of the following would explain that association? |
legacy of Alexander the Great |
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The pillars of Ashoka go deep into the ground, connecting the earth to the sky. It can be said that they form which of the following? |
The axis of the universe |
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Kanishka struck coins with images of Buddha, various Hhindu deities, Greco-Roman deities, and portraits of himself. Which of the following was the model for these coins? |
Roman coins |
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Which of the following was the unifying characteristics of the regional dynasties of South Asia in the third through first centuries BCE? |
Patronage of Buddhism |
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A yakshi is the personification for which of the following? |
Fertility and vegitation |
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The Aryans composed a compilation of religious learning that included hymns for the priests to sing or chant. In which of the following languages were the Vedas written? |
Sanskrit |
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Which of the following is a Buddhist monastery? |
Sanchi |
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The pillar of Ashoka with its lion capital shows a strong influence coming from which of the following groups? |
Achaemenids |
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One explanation for the sexually explicit images at Khajuraho relates them to which of the following? |
Fertility and the propagation of life |
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For more than four centuries successive Khmer kings worked on the grand complex of temples and palaces at this site, and each king built a temple mountain dedicated to his personal god. |
Angkor Wat, Cambodia |
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The caves of Ajanta are famed for which of the following? |
Early indian painting tradition |
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A chaitya hall would most likely be found in which of the following? |
A sculptured Buddhist cave temple |
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The profusion of sexually amorous couples in Indian art indicates which of the following? |
Spiritual favor and prosperity |
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The Yangshao Culture is recognized for its ____. |
Pottery |
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During the 1928 excavations at Anyang, fragmentary records and a large number of goods were discovered which provided information regarding their rulers. Included among the discoveries were pounded earthen walls that provided protection for the city. Which of the following was also learned as a consequence of this excavation and discovery? |
Revealed a warlike, highly stratified society. |
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In Shang bronze vessels the external embellishment is an integral part of the vessel. Which of the following could also describe Shang bronze vessel work? |
Multiple designs and fields are fully integrated with the vessel form. |
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Many Shang bronze vessels were used for rituals and the shape of the vessel matched its function in the ritual. Therefore it can be said that the fabulous animal shape is not purely decorative. Which of the following supports this statement? |
Each fabulous animal shape connected with the world of spirits in the ritual. |
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One of the scenes from the Wu Family Shrine shows robed men bearing gifts and paying homage to a figure, identity uncertain. This figure is represented as larger than the other figures. What can be interpreted from this image? |
the size of the figure describes his importance |
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The Great Wall of China was constructed as a defense against the nomadic peoples of the north, in particular the _____. |
Huns |
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During the Six Dynasties, Buddhism arrived in China. The oldest Chinese Buddhist texts describe Buddha as golden and radiating light. The Shakyamuni Buddha of the Six Dynasties is the first precisely datable Chinese Buddhist image. Which of the following is the medium used for this image? |
Gilded bronze |
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Yan Liben’s ‘The Thirteen Emperors’ depicts thirteen Chinese rulers from the Han to the Sui dynasties. Its purpose was to portray these individuals as exemplars of moral and political virtue. Which of the following would explain this role of moral and political virtue? |
The Confucian ideal of learning from the past. |
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The broad range of subject matter, such as musicians on camel or Semitic traders, can be found in the ceramic figural tradition of which of the following? |
Tang |
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Emperor Huizong, an accomplished artist was more interested in the arts than in governing. He reorganized the imperial academy of painting and required the study of poetry and calligraphy as part of the official trianing program for court artists. Which of the following would also be included in the curriculum? |
Study of the classical art of earlier periods |
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the earliest distinct culture to develop in Japan was ____. |
Jomon |
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In the Yayoi period there was increased interaction with ____ and ____. |
China and Korea |
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The tumuli of the Kofun recall the earlier burial mounds of the Jomon and their funeral practices. Which of the following could describe this Jomon practice? |
Placing the dead on sacred mounds. |
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Although the Kofun tombs contained many grave objects, including bronze mirrors from China, it is thought, based on the tomb’s form and many of the grave’s goods, the tombs show a closer relationship with which country? |
Korea |
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Who is the diety associated with the Ise Shrine? |
Amaterasu |
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The central figure from the Shakartriad is the historical Buddha; he is presented in a trans historical guise. Which of the following phrases supports this statement? |
Presented as having achieved a higher state of being. |
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According to the traditional interpretation, the Korean ruler of Paekche sent to the ruler of Japan a gilded bronze stature of Buddha and Buddhist scripture, sutras. What period marks this event? |
Asuka |
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The Ise Shrine is ritually rebuilt every _____. |
20 years |
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Buddhist architecture in Japan adhered closely to mainland standards. Why is the statement significant? |
Because Japanese temples greatly assisted in the reconstruction of mainland temples. |
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More direct relations and influences with China shorted the time lag between developments in China that subsequently transferred to Japan. This occurred in which of the time periods? |
Nara |
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Which of the following is NOT part of the Mesoamerica region? |
Bolivia |
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How did the division of labor affect Mesoamerican societies? |
It created a hierarchy which from the social organization of the societies. |
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Which of the following would account for the unique cosmopolitan character of Teotihuacán? |
The city’s diversified populations |
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Which of the following has been proposed as the identity of the giant Olmec heads? |
Rulers |
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The Olmec carved and polished ax-shaped forms called ____. |
Celts |
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Which of the following would support the belief that West Mexican tombs were filled with elaborate offerings? |
Deep shafts with chambers at base |
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What architectural feature has been found in nearly all Mesoamerican cultures? |
A ball court |
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Teotihuacán as well as its key pyramids are carefully oriented. Which of the following is the commonly suggested reasoning for such placement? |
Related to astronomical phenomena |
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What does Maya architecture signify? |
Power to the ruler |
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The economic base of Mesoamerican Mexico was which of the following? |
Cultivation of maize (corn) |
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We have a much better understanding of the chronology of Mesoamerica due to the deciphering of the writing and dating system of which of the following groups? |
Maya |
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Which of the following was one of the purposes of maya ritual? |
Guaranteed the order of the state and cosmos |
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Ceramic figures from Jaina most often represent which of the following? |
Scenes from everyday life |
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Like most Mesoamerican cities, Teotihuacán had a mural program. One mural features a goddess, earth or nature, thought to be the city’s principal deity. Among the motifs ascribed to this deity are human hearts that were essential attributes in the Mesoamerican ritual of human sacrifice. Which of the following is an explanation for the ritual of the human sacrifice? |
Essential to agricultural renewal |
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How is the Chavín horizon style now defined? |
The culmination of developments, which began 2000 years earlier elsewhere |
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Barbel led vault construction was typical of the architecture of the _____. |
Maya |
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Which site did the Aztec visit with a deep sense of reverence? |
Teotihuacán |
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The feathered serpent is one guise of which Mesoamerican Mexican deity? |
Quetzalcóatl |
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Which of the following sites is NOT located in South America? |
Chichén Itzá |
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Most extant objects from the Adena and Mississippian cultures were found in which of the following? |
Burial and temple mounds |
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Murals found in the prehistoric pueblos of the Southwest most often depicted which of the following? |
Spirits associated with agricultural fertility |
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Which of the following describes the Southwest kiva? |
Large circular semi-subterranean structure |
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Which of the following describes the Tairona pendants and their use. |
Hammered gold, meant to be worn as amulets and talismans |
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How did Chavín iconography spread throughout the Andean region? |
Via portable media |
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The earliest African sculpture in the round is from which of the following groups? |
Nok |
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A "horned headress" on the running femLe from Tassili can signify which of the following? |
Ceremonial regalia |
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The Ile-Ife figures from the Yoruba kingdom of Owo served mainly in rituals focused on which of the following? |
Sacred kingship |
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Considerable literature exists today which describes, analyses, and interprets the meaning of rock art. Although precise meaning is still problematic, which of the following could be used to describe the role of the running woman from Tassili? |
Her size ,ight indicate importance |
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Which of the following is the system the Benin use to record their history? |
Complex oral recitations |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Nok style in ceramic sculpture? |
Large alert eyes |
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