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When the new government was launched in 1789
A. the nation’s population was doubling about every 25 years
B. most people lived in the fast-growing cities
C. most people lived west of the Allegheny Mountains
D. New York was the largest city in the nation
E. Great Britain refused to establish diplomatic relations with the United States
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A
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Regarding central authority early Americans saw it as all of the following except
A. a necessary evil
B. something to be distrusted
C. something to be watched
D. something to be curbed
E. something to be ultimately eliminated
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E
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The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)
A. Electoral College
B Vice president
C. Supreme Court
D. Cabinet
E. federal court system
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D
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Match the individual with his office in the new government.
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Alexander Hamilton
C. Henry Knox
1. attorney general
2. secretary of state
3. secretary of war
4. secretary of treasury
A. A-1, B-3, C-2
B. A-3, B-1, C-4
C. A-2, B-4, C-3
D. A-4, B-2, C-1
E. A-1, B-4, C-3
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C
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One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it
A. was too long and detailed
B. was far to short and required more detail
C. failed to guarantee property rights
D. failed to provide a mechanism for amendment
E. did not provide guarantees for individual rights
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E
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The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ____________ against the potential tyranny of _______________.
A. the prerogatives of Congress, the president
B. the army and the navy, the national government
C. the South, the northern majority
D. individual liberties, a strong central government
E. civilian authorities, the military
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D
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One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the Constitution was to
A. establish a powerful army
B, reestablish diplomatic ties with Britain
C. draw up and pass a bill of rights
D. establish economic ties with France
E. all of the above
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C
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All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except
A. the right to vote for all citizens
b. freedom of speech
C. freedom of religionn
D. freedom of the press
E. right to a trial by jury
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A
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The __________ Amendment might rightly be called the "states’ rights" amendment
A. First
B. Sixth
C. ninth
D. Tenth
E. Eighth
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D
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Alexander Hamilton’s financial program for the economic development of the United States favored
A. agricultural interests
B. trade with France
C. the wealthy
D. the poor
E. the middle class
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C
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Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs wold
A. gain the monetary and political support of the wealthy class for the federal government
B. restore he principles of state sovereignty
C. be the quickest way to pay of the national debt
D. guarantee the fairest treatment of the original holders of government bonds
E. keep taxes low
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A
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As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton’s first objective was to
A. help the wealthy
B. bring more industry to the United States
C. see that more agricultural products were exported
D. bolster the national credit
E. put the country on the gold standard
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D
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All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton’s economic program except
A. a national bank
B. funding the entire debt at "par"
C. assumption of state debts by the federal government
D. tariffs
E. paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts
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E
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Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan for strengthening the economy and bolstering national credit proposed all of the following except
A. funding the national debt
B. assuming state debts
C. abolishing tariffs
D. establishing a national bank
E. a low protective wall around infant industires
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C
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Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt
A. would do great harm to the nation’s economy
B. might lead to military weakness
C. could persuade individuals and nations not to lend money to the United States
D. was beneficial, because people to whom the government wed money would work hard to make the nation a success
E. could help his economic plan but not his political plans
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D
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The aspect of Hamilton’s financial program that received he least support in Congress was
A. funding at par
B. assumption
C. the National Bank
D. a protective tariff
E. excise taxes
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D
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Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from
A. sales taxes and licensing fees
B. customs duties and excise tax
C. income and property taxes
D. western land sales and foreign loans
E. foreign aid
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B
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Alexander Hamilton’s proposed bank of the United States was
A. rejected by the House of Representatives
B. supported by Thomas Jefferson
C. enthusiastically supported by George Washington
D. based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution
E. never fully enacted
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D
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Which of the following pair of items are not directly related to each other?
A. implied powers- "necessary and proper" clause
B. strict construction- Tenth amendment
C. loose construction- "elastic" clause
D. states’ rights- loose construction
E. "necessary and proper" clause- vested powers
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D
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Hamilton;s major programs seriously infringed on
A. checks and balances
B. national security
C. states’ rights
D. free enterprise
E. federal authority
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C
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The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government
A. levied an excise tax on whiskey
B. tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey
C. allowed the import of foreign whiskey
D. halted the export of American whiskey
E. tried to prohibit the manufacturing of whiskey
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A
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Alexander Hamilton’s Bank of the United States was modeled on the
A. Bank of England
B. Swiss National Bank
C. Bank of France
D. Natoinal bank that existed in the United States prior to the Constitution
E. National bank of the Netherlands
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A
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The Founding Fathers had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties because they
A. opposed anyone who disagreed with them
B. disliked politics
C. had existed in Britain
D. saw opposition to the government as disloyal
E. all of the above
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D
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Match each political leader with his positions on public policy in the 1790s
A. Hamilton
B. Jefferson
1. privileges for the upper classes
2. pro-British
3. sympathy for the common people
4. potent central government
5. pay off the national debt (don’t finance)
6. government support for business
7. pro-French
8. universal education
A. A-1, 2, 4, 6 / B-3, 5, 7, 8
B. A-1, 5, 6, 7 / B-2, 3, 4, 8
C. A-2, 3, 5, 8 / B-1, 4, 6, 7
D. A-3, 6, 7, 8 / B-1, 2, 4, 5
E. A-5, 2, 6, 3/ B-1, 4, 7, 8
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A
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Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in
A. the formation of permanent political parties
B. Hamilton’ dismissal from the cabinet by George Washington
C. political drifting too far out of kilter with the wishes of the people
D. the rejection of Hamilton’s plan by Washington
E. all of the above
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A
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The event of the 1790s that has left the deepest scare on American political and social life is
A. the Whiskey Rebellion
B. the French Revolution
C. Hamilton’s economic plan for the country
D. the trouble with Native Americans
E. the development of the political party system
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B
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The political party of the ‘outs’ that provided the ‘loyal opposition’ to the party in power in the 1790s was
A. the anti-Federalists
B. the Federalists
C. started by Jefferson and Madison
D. the Whigs
E. the Tories
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C
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The Franco-American alliance of 1778
A. was ended by mutual agreement
B. bound the United States to neutrality in the event of war between France and Britain
C. bound the United States to help the French defend heir West Indies
D. was invoked by the French to obtain American aid in France’s war with Britain after 1793
E. led the United States to war with Great Britain in 1812
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C
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When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government
A. supported Britain
B. assisted France militarily
C. tried to capture French possessions in North America and the West Indies
D. remained neutral
E. captured British possessions in North America
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D
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Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
A. was based on calculations of American self interest
B. fulfilled America’s obligations under the Franco-American Treaty
C. was opposed by both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
D. dealt a server blow to French military and naval strategists
E. had little impact on future American foreign policy
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A
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Arrange the flowing events in chronological order: (A) XYZ affair, (B) Neutrality Proclamation, (C) Jay’s Treaty, (D) Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
A. C, B, A, D
B. B, A, C, D
C. B, C, A, D
D. C, B, D, A
E. A, B, D, C
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C
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During its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was
A. the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain
B. a lack of good political leadership
C. the continued fighting between the U.S. and the Armed Neutrality League
D. Indian affairs
E. separation of church and state
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A
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Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that
A. he was unprepared for the demands of foreign policy
B. foreign policy should be handled by a group and not a single individual
C. the U.S. was trying to do what was best for its allies
D. self-interest is the basic cement of alliances
E. none of the above
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D
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The Treaty of Greenville signed in August, 1795 with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following except
A. giving to the United States vast tracts of land int he Old Northwest
B. the Indians receiving a $20,000 lump sum payment
C. an annual annuity of $9,000 to the Indians
D. the right of the Indians to hunt he land they had ceded
E. the establishment of an equal relationship with the Indians
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E
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Britain made neutrality very difficult for the Untied States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by
A. granting America numerous trade privileges
B. seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies
C. leaving frontier outposts on American soil
D. helping to relive tensions between Indians and Americans
E. blocking the major United States’ seaports
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B
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Hamilton’s position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by
A. his commitment to eh Franco-American alliance of 178
B. the threat of British naval action against the American coast
C. the national government’s dependence on customs collections for revenue
D. his personal commitment to democratic government as a world ideal
E. ties to business
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C
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In Jay’s Treaty, the British
A. pledged to stop seizing American ships
b. released Americans from their pre-Revolutionary War debt obligations to British merchants
C. promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest
D. refused to pay damages for seizures of American ships
E. were denied most favored nation status
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C
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The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River in
A. the Treaty of Greenville
B. Jay’s Treaty
C. the Convention of 1800
D. the Pinckney Treaty
E. The Treaty of Paris
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D
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John Jay’s 1794 treaty with Britain (the Jay Treaty)
A. increased George Washington’s huge popularity
B. provided further evidence of American support for France
C. alienated America from Spain
D. created deeper splits between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans
E. led to the election of Thomas Jefferson
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D
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One of George Washington’s major contributions as president was
A. keeping the nation out of foreign wars.
B. the signing of Jay’s Treaty.
C. his advice against forming permanent alliances with foreign nations.
D. securing a pledge from Britain to stop arming Indians on the western lands.
E. establishing the political party system.
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A
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Jay’s Treaty contained all of the following provisions
except
A. a British promise to evacuate its chain of forts on U.S. soil.
B. British consent to pay damages for the recent seizure of American ships.
C. that Americans were bound to pay debts still owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary
accounts.
D. no promise by the British to pay for future seizure of American ships.
E. a promise by the British to stop selling arms to the Indians
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E
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Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796
A. warmly endorsed the appearance of two contending political parties in America.
B. warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances.
C. was delivered to a joint session of Congress by Washington himself.
D. proposed a two-term limitation on the presidency.
E. all of the above.
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B
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In the election campaign of 1796, the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue
A. the content of Washington’s Farewell Address.
B. Washington’s refusal to consult Congress before issuing the Neutrality Proclamation.
C. the terms of Jay’s Treaty.
D. the terms of the Pinckney Treaty.
E. Alexander Hamilton’s idea for a national bank.
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C
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The 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on
A. the Bank of the United States.
B. the candidates’ personalities.
C. slavery.
D. foreign trade.
E. real issues.
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B
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The French grew angry with the United States after 1794 because
A. of Jay’s Treaty.
B. Congress appointed second-rate ambassadors.
C. of the XYZ affair.
D. John Adams had been elected president.
E. Thomas Jefferson was removed as ambassador.
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A
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Foreign relations between the United States and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over
A. the deportation of Citizen Genet.
B. French seizure of American merchant ships.
C. the adjustment of the Florida boundary.
D. America’s unilateral withdrawal from the Franco-American alliance.
E. Pinckney’s Treaty.
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B
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The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was
A. the XYZ affair.
B. the Genet mission.
C. the Neutrality Proclamation.
D. Washington’s Farewell Address.
E. Jay’s Treaty.
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A
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The United States finally negotiated a peace settlement with France in 1800 mainly because Napoleon
A. had also reached a peace agreement with Britain.
B. wanted to concentrate on gaining more power in Europe.
C. realized that the French could not win a military victory over the American forces.
D. had been convinced by the Democratic-Republican pleas for cooperation.
E. had been removed from power.
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B
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President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to
a. ensure his chances of reelection in 1800.
b. align himself with the Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist party.
c. save the Franco-American alliance of 1778.
d. prevent the outbreak of a fill-scale war.
e. keep trade with France in place.
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D
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The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to
A. capture French and British spies.
B. control the Federalists.
C. silence and punish critics of the Federalists.
D. keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president.
E. provide support for the Democratic-Republican party.
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C
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The Federalist-dominated Congress’s Alien Act was aimed at__________ whereas the Sedition Act
was primarily aimed at ___________.
A. rebellious slaves, newspapers
B. recent immigrants, newspapers
C. recent immigrants, merchants
D. merchant smuggling, rebellious slaves
E. Indians, farmers
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B
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The Sedition Act
A. threatened First Amendment freedoms.
B. established criteria for deporting dangerous foreigners.
C. changed naturalization requirements for new citizens.
D. was never enforced.
E. was found by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.
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A
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The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to
A. the XYZ affair.
B. Thomas Jefferson’s presidential candidacy in 1800.
C. the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D. the compact theory of government.
E. the Federalist papers.
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C
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According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison,
A. the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states.
B. nullification was an invalid policy.
C. the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were illegal.
D. legislation such as the Alien and Sedition Acts was proper.
E. individuals, not the states, created the federal government.
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A
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According to the Federalists, the duty of judging the unconstitutionality of legislation passed by
Congress lay with
A. state legislatures.
B. the president.
C. state supreme courts.
D. the Supreme Court.
E. the people.
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D
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Federalist advocated rule by
A. the majority.
B. the "best" people.
C. farmers.
D. industrial workers.
E. native born citizens only.
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B
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Federalista strongly supported
A. Law and order
B. States’ rights
C. Strict construction
D. Popular democracy
E. A wake military
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A
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For its continued success, Hamilton’s financial program relied heavily on
A. Trade with Britain
B. Removal of the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley
C. Aid from France
D. Retiring the national debt
E. High taxes
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A
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Hamiltonian Federalists advocated
A. Government interference in private enterprise
B. A strong central government
C. A full-blown democracy
D. Strong ties with France
E. A low national debt
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B
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Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups except
A. Small shopkeepers
B. The underprivileged
C. The middle class
D. Shippers
E. Artisans
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D
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To the Jeffersonian Republicans, the "ideal" citizen of a republic was a(n)
A. Seaboard merchant
B. Town artisan
C. Indentured servant
d. Independent farmer
E. Industrialist
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D
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Thomas Jefferson favored a political system in which
A. The central government possessed the bulk of power
B. Cities were primary focus of political power
C. A large standing army ensured peace
D. The states retained the majority of political power
E. Manufacturing interests dominated
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D
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Jeffersonians believed in all of the following except
A. Opposition to a national debt
B. Agriculture as the ideal occupation
C. Every adult white male’s rights to vote
D. Freedom of speech
E. Central authority
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C
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Thomas Jefferson argued that a landless class of voters could be avoided in part by
A. A redistribution of land
B. A reduced property tax
C. Abolishing the property qualification to vote
D. Continuing slavery
E. Restricting the amount of property owned by each citizen
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D
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