AP Psychology Chapter 10

Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford-Binet. Sorina’s chronological age is
A) 6.
B) 8.
C) 9.
D) 10.
E) 12.5.

B) 8.

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and
_ intelligence.
A) intrapersonal.
B) creative.
C) spatial.
D) musical.
E) physical.

B) creative.

An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the
A) initiation of neural impulses
B) release of endorphins into the central nervous system
C) release of hormones into the bloodstream
D) activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system.
E) inheritance of behavioral predispositions.

A) initiation of neural impulses

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is your line of vision. This best illustrates
A) sensory deprivation.
B) selective attention.
C) the phi phenomenon.
D) convergence.
E) visual capture.

B) selective attention.

The best predictor that infants will develop high levels of intellectual aptitude is their
A) readiness to crawl at an early age
B) capacity for imitating adult facial expressions.
C) tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to a novel picture.
D) ability to discriminate their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.

C) tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to a novel picture.

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that
A) desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of black American children.
B) the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American children.
C) among American Blacks, those with African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores.
D) the Black-White differences in SAT scores has increased since 1979.
E) the average vocabulary achievement test scores of North American and Asian children are about the same.

B) the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American children.

Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person’s specific mental abilities as
A) IQ.
B) heritability.
C) the g factor.
D) factor analysis.
E) emotional intelligence.

C) the g factor.

In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that
A) the test would measure capacities that were determined by heredity and thus unalterable.
B) the test would yield an intelligence quotient consisting of chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100.
C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age.
D) measures of physical and sensory skills would be good predictors of school achievement.
E) intelligence tests translated into French would be more valid than other tests.

C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age.

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron’s reaction is
A) inhibited by the myelin sheath.
B) delayed by the refractory period.
C) an all-or-none response.
D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules.
E) primarily electrical rather than chemical.

C) an all-or-none response.

The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of
A) taste
B) sight.
C) hearing.
D) touch.
E) smell.

D) touch.

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relieve his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of
A) hypnagogic sensations.
B) age regression.
C) REM rebound.
D) temporal dissociation.
E) the hidden observer.

B) age regression.

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influential by environment?
A) Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings.
B) The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with those of their parents.
C) Identical twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are fraternal twins.
D)The intelligence scores of siblings reared together are positively correlated.
E) Different national groups have different average intelligence scores.

A) Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings.

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg’s concept of analytical intelligence?
A) Trudy, a high school student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course
B) Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff
C) Wilma, a schoolteacher who refuses to pay taxes because they are used to develop new weapons.
D) Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time
E) Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver’s license without a single error

D) Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce
A) the framing effect.
B) functional fixedness.
C) confirmation bias.
D) algorithms.
E) heuristics.

C) confirmation bias.

Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of
A) practical intelligence.
B) creativity.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) savant syndrome.
E) the g factor.

B) creativity.

A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admission test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is
A) standardized.
B) valid.
C) factor-analyzed.
D) normally distributed.
E) reliable.

B) valid.

The distribution of intelligence scores among _ Americans is represented by the normal curve.
A) Asian
B) white
C) Hispanic
D) black
E) members of any of the above groups of

E) members of any of the above groups of

Joni claims that she is intellectually gifted because she "possesses" an IQ of 145. She is most clearly committing the error known as
A) heritability.
B) the Flynn effect.
C) reification.
D) the naturalistic fallacy.
E) savant syndrome.

C) reification.

Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates
A) functional fixedness.
B) the framing effect.
C) the representative heuristic.
D) overconfidence.
E) belief perseverance.

D) overconfidence.

A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a
A) factor analysis.
B) normal distribution.
C) heritability estimate.
D) savant syndrome.
E) the g factor.

B) normal distribution.

The ability to control one’s impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of
A) emotional intelligence.
B) heritability.
C) mental age.
D) savant syndrome.
E) divergent thinking.

A) emotional intelligence.

A condition involving mental retardation caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup is known as
A) the Flynn effect.
B) functional fixedness.
C) Down syndrome.
D) savant syndrome.
E) Autism.

C) Down syndrome.

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of
A) 75.
B) 85.
C) 115.
D) 125.
E) 133.

A) 75.

THC, the active ingredient in _, is classified as a _.
A) marijuana; hallucinogen
B) marijuana; stimulant
C) cocaine; stimulant
D) cocaine; hallucinogen
E) heroin; depressant

A) marijuana; hallucinogen

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called
A) night terrors.
B) neuroadaptations.
C) dissociations.
D) hallucinations.
E) stressors.

D) hallucinations.

When a person’s test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
A) reliable.
B) standardized.
C) valid.
D) normally distributed.
E) internally consistent.

B) standardized.

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a(n)
A) essay contest.
B) chess tournament.
C) speed-racing tournament.
D) spelling bee.
E) speech-giving contest.

B) chess tournament.

Plato’s belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as
A) the circadian rhythm.
B) age regression.
C) dissociation.
D) dualism.
E) hypnagogic state.

D) dualism.

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the
A) possibility of predicting people’s academic success from intelligence test scores.
B) need to standardize intelligence test.
C) extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.
D) definition of mental age.
E) importance of validity on psychometric test.

C) extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of
A) the g factor.
B) savant syndrome.
C) spatial abilities.
D) Down syndrome.
E) emotional intelligence.

C) spatial abilities.

Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of
A) standardization.
B) savant syndrome.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) stereotype threat.
E) the Flynn effect.

D) stereotype threat.

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
A) LSD
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) caffeine
E) nicotine

A) LSD

Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mental retarded child. It is most likely that their child
A) is a female rather than a male.
B) is unusually creative.
C) was born with an extra chromosome.
D) will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life.
E) is a direct result of ill-advised parents practices.

D) will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life.

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support
A) Spearman’s belief in a Is intelligence one general ability or several specific abilities?or g, factor.
B) Thurstone’s notion of social intelligence.
C) Gardner’s argument for multiple intelligences.
D) Stern’s original IQ formula.
E) Binet’s intelligence quotient formula.

C) Gardner’s argument for multiple intelligences.

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce
A) aphasia.
B) epileptic seizures.
C) depression.
D) neural plasticity.
E) reward deficiency syndrome.

B) epileptic seizures.

The intelligence test scores of adopted children are least likely to be positively correlated with the scores of their adoptive siblings during
A) middle childhood.
B) early adolescence.
C) middle adolescence.
D) early adulthood.
E) retirement age.

D) early adulthood.

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called
A) alpha waves.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) sleep spindles.
D) delta waves.
E) amplitude waves.

C) sleep spindles.

The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the
A) limbic system.
B) sensory cortex.
C) reticular formation.
D) association areas.
E) sympathetic nervous system.

D) association areas.

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that "it’s always best to stick with your first answer." Anika’s decision best illustrates the use of
A) insight.
B) an algorithm.
C) trail and error.
D) a heuristic.
E) a prototype.

D) a heuristic.

English-speaking children learn to put the object of a sentence last, whereas Japanese-speaking children put the object before the verb. Chomsky suggests that this illustrates a difference in the two languages’
A) process stimulation
B) language acquisition device.
C) universal grammar.
D) surface structure.
E) deep structure.

D) surface structure.

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn’t perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates
A) perceptual adaptation.
B) change blindness.
C) relative clarity.
D) the phi phenomenon.
E) the cocktail party effect.

E) the cocktail party effect.

After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira’s experience best illustrates
A) the belief perseverance phenomenon.
B) the availability heuristic.
C) insight.
D) a mental set.
E) the framing effect.

C) insight.

Sperman’s g factor refers to
A) the internal consistency of an intelligence test.
B) the genetic contribution to intelligence.
C) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
D) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise retarded person.
E) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

C) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

Many people perceive carjacking as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seatbelts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of
A) belief perseverance.
B) the representativeness heuristic.
C) confirmation bias.
D) the availability heuristic.
E) functional fixedness.

D) the availability heuristic.

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher’s face. In this experiment, hypnotized people
A) usually refused to engage in antisocial behavior.
B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.
C) were easily influenced to act against their own will.
D) experienced much more anxiety than unhypnotized individuals.
E) often immediately awakened from the hypnotic state.

B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on a intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur’s mental age is
A) 4.
B) 4.5.
C) 5.
D) 80.
E) 125.

A) 4.

As he attempted to spell the word "receive," Tim reminded himself "i before e except after c." Tim’s self-reminder best illustrates the use of
A) trial and error.
B) insight.
C) an algorithm.
D) a heuristic.
E) prototypes.

D) a heuristic.

Comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of
A) heritability.
B) the g factor.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) emotional intelligence.
E) intrinsic motivation.

C) the Flynn effect.

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the _ of a test.
A) validity
B) reliability
C) standardization
D) normal distribution
E) factor analysis

B) reliability

The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as you own mother is
A) Wernicke’s area.
B) the limbic system.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Broca’s area.
E) an association area.

E) an association area.

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children’s
A) head size.
B) reasoning skills.
C) muscular power.
D) neural processing speed.
E) creative abilities.

B) reasoning skills.

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)
A) fMRI.
B) hemispherectomy.
C) ACh agonist.
D) brain lesion.
E) MRI.

A) fMRI.

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize
A) Terman’s concept of innate intelligence.
B) Spearman’s concept of general intelligence.
C) Binet’s concept of mental age.
D) Gardner’s concept of multiple intelligences.
E) Sternberg’s concept of analytical intelligence.

D) Gardner’s concept of multiple intelligences.

The high positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide for the _ of these test scores.
A) reliability.
B) heritability.
C) content validity.
D) predictive validity.
E) normal distribution.

A) reliability.

Andre first became suspicious of his roommate’s honesty while trying to account for his own missing wallet. Although Andre later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car, his newly formed doubt about his roommate’s honesty remained strong as ever. Andre’s irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates
A) confirmation bias.
B) the representativeness heuristic.
C) functional fixedness.
D) the belief perseverance phenomenon.
E) the framing effect.

D) the belief perseverance phenomenon.

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to
A) derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age.
B) evaluate how accurately test items predict a criterion behavior.
C) extract test norms form a standardization sample.
D) identify clusters of closely related test items.
E) provide a quantitative estimate of heritability.

D) identify clusters of closely related test items.

Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of _ students.
A) pre-school
B) elementary school
C) high school
D) college
E) graduate school

B) elementary school

Which of the following best accounts for people’s greater fear of commercial air flights than of driving an automobile?
A) perceived control
B) functional fixedness
C) the framing effect
D) category hierarchies
E) representativeness heuristic

A) perceived control

If both depressed an nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test
A) has not been standardized.
B) is not valid.
C) is not reliable.
D) has not been factor-analyzed.
E) does not produce scores that form a normal distribution.

B) is not valid.

About _ percent of WIS scores fall between 85 and 115.
A) 0
B) 30
C) 50
D) 68
E) 100

C) 50

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) _ test.
A) reliability
B) interest
C) achievement
D) aptitude
E) intelligence

D) aptitude

A test has a high degree of validity if it
A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict.
B) yield consistent results every time it is used.
C) produces a normal distribution of scores.
D) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test.
E) assesses aptitude and achievement accurately

A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict.

The components of creativity include
A) impulsivity and empathy.
B) expertise and venturesome personality.
C) competitiveness and dogmatism.
D) imagination and extrinsic motivation.
E) competitiveness and empathy.

B) expertise and venturesome personality.

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called
A) achievement test.
B) interest inventories.
C) factor analytic measures.
D) standardized assessments.
E) aptitude tests.

E) aptitude tests.

Reuptake refers to the
A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap.
B) release of hormones into the bloodstream.
C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane.
D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.
E) the ending of the refractory period.

D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) _ test.
A) aptitude
B) achievement
C) standardized
D) general intelligence
E) diagnostic

B) achievement

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?
A) physical dependence
B) hallucinations
C) narcolepsy
D) alpha waves
E) REM rebound

A) physical dependence

In one experiment, college students were either aware or unaware that experts would evaluate their creativity in constructing paper collages. This experiment most directly illustrated that creativity is facilitated by
A) intrinsic motivation.
B) emotional intelligence.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) convergent thinking.
E) imaginative thinking skills

A) intrinsic motivation.

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates
A) neural plasticity.
B) factor analysis.
C) predictive validity.
D) divergent thinking.
E) framing skills.

D) divergent thinking.

After Terry lost a finger in a industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input form that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from adjacent fingers. This best illustrates
A) phrenology.
B) aphasia.
C) hemispherectomy.
D) plasticity.
E) tomography.

D) plasticity.

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binett and Simon to assess
A) academic aptitude.
B) divergent thinking.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) savant syndrome.
E) heritability.

A) academic aptitude.

Lewis Terman’s widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test was
A) WISC.
B) WAIS.
C) Stanford-Binet.
D) Scholastic Assessment Test.
E) American College Testing Exam.

C) Stanford-Binet.

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual’s mental capacities?
A) Thurstone
B) Spearman
C) Gardner
D) Sternberg
E) Skinner

B) Spearman

An axon is
A) a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system.
B) a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons.
C) an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites.
D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.
E) a junction between a sending and receiving neuron.

D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.

Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of
A) confirmation bias.
B) the framing effect.
C) the representativeness heuristic.
D) the belief perseverance phenomenon.
E) the availability heuristic.

C) the representativeness heuristic.