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threshold |
The minimum number of people needed to support the service |
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settlement |
A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants. |
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service |
any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it |
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rank size rule |
A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. |
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range |
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. |
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public service |
Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses |
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primate city rule |
A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
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primate city |
The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |
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nonbasic industries |
Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community. |
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market area |
The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services. |
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gravity model |
A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. |
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enclosure movement |
The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century. |
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economic base |
A community’s collection of basic industries. |
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dispersed rural settlement |
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. |
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consumer services |
Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and personal services. |
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clustered rural settlement |
A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement. |
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city state |
A soverign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland |
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central place theory |
A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. |
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central place |
A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. |
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central business district |
The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered. |
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business services |
Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services |
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basic industries |
Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. |
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