Anthropology Ch.10

bipedal locomotion and non homing chewing complex

A hominid is defined as having two obligate behaviors:

bipedalism

The foundational behavior of Hominini was:

longitudinal arch in the foot

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

small, blunt, and non projecting , with no diastema

Hominins have canines that are:

australopithecines

Thick dental enamel in________ helps with crushing food.

bipedalism

An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptions to:

bipedalism

Using tools and tool making is an adaption by hominids as a result of:

Sahelanthropus tchandensis

Of the following taxa, who who are the first (earliest/oldest) recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans?

non honing chewing complex

Which of the following is a derived trait of Sahelanthropus Tchandensis

Forests became patchy and food more dispersed.

The patchy and forest hypothesis proposes that:

monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity for bipedalism

Owen Lovejoy’s Provisioning hypothesis proposes that:

forest environment

Based on the morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin tugensis, lived in a:

on the ground

Ardi was adapted to life in trees and:

palms and feet to move along tree branches

Ardi’s intermediate form of bipedality included the use of:

early hominids lived in a forest

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that:

Paranthropus

In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:

Small front teeth and large back teeth.
a small brain and a large body.
both a. and C.

Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include:

large premolars and molars
large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest
both a and b.

Along with other distinct traits robust australopithecines had_________ adapted for grinding food.

large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa it had:

to eating foods requiring heavy chewing

Australopithecus robus’s large masticatory complex(large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaption:

Homo habilis

Australopithecus garb may be the ancestor of:

mastication

The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led to early Homo seems to have focused on___________.

Oldubai Gorge

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominid fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind is:")

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

The only pre australopithecine found outside the East African Rift Valley is:

all of the above

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in in having:

animal bones with cut marks

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

femur (thighbone)

Evidence indicating that Orrorin tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton?

it showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 may

The discovered of Kenyanthropus platypus was important mainly because:

it had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because:

4mya

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more that:

modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, small brain size

A pre australopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?

thighbones that angle in toward the knees

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?