which type of muscle tissue has the greatest effect on the body’s heat production? |
skeletal |
sacromere is best defined as |
a repeating unit of striated muscle |
when a muscle contraction develops tension but doesn’t shorten the muscle, the contraction is called |
isometric |
skeletal muscle does each of these except |
pump blood |
muscle fatigue occurs due to a buildup of _______ and _____ in pH |
lactic acid; decrease |
which thick filament binds to actin once its active binding sites are exposed |
myosin |
all of the following are found in both skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers except |
intercalated disks |
the biochemical reaction that consumes the majority of a muscle’s ATP is the |
actin myosin cross-bridge cycle |
muscles are attached to bones by tendons or |
aponeuroses |
a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds a muscle fascicle is called the |
perimysium |
the dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle is the |
epimysium |
in a sacromere, thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the |
M line |
the advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is |
the ability to produce large amounts of the muscle proteins needed for growth and repair |
skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called |
myoblasts |
the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the |
sacrolemma |
muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers |
have many nuclei |
at rest, the tropomyosin muscle is held in place by |
troponin molecules |
at rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by |
tropomyosin molecules |
the series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the |
sacroplasmic reticulum |
when a skeletal muscle fiber contracts |
the zones of overlap get lager, the h bands and i bands get smaller, zline gets closer together, width of a band remains constant |
since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sacromeres shorten, the muscle fibers |
shorten |
the neuromuscular junction is a connection between a neuron and a |
muscle fiber |
the end of a neuron, where acetylcholine-filled vesicles are located is called the |
synaptic terminal |
what is the synaptic cleft |
space between the synaptic terminal and the motor end plate |
inside a neuron, acetylcholine is contained within |
vesicles |
what causes the vesicle inside a neuron to fuse with the plasma membrane |
an action potential in the neuron |
acetylcholine receptors are primarily located |
on motor end plate |
an action potential in the muscle fiber causes |
the muscle fibers to contract |
the role of acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction is to |
remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft |
inside a muscle, bundles of single muscle fibers from |
fascicles |
the muscle action potentials that initiate contraction are transmitted from the interior of the muscle fiber by |
t tubules |
t tubules and the terminal cistern are clustered into structures called |
triads |
the sacroplasmic reticulum contains |
calcium |
which organelle completely surrounds each myofibril inside a muscle fiber |
sacroplasmic reticulum |
to what regulatory protein does calcium bind during the initiation of the contraction cycle in skeletal muscle fibers |
troponin |
which causes the active site of actin to be exposed or uncovered |
tropomyosin |
which most correctly describes excitation in the context of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle |
the generation of an action potential in the sacrolemma |
which of the following phrases best decries how excitation is couples to contraction in skeletal muscle fibers |
through calcium release from the sacroplasmic reticulum |
MH is a rare genetic disease. which of the following best describes how anesthesia would affect the skeletal muscles of a patient with MH |
the muscles would contract because of calcium binging to troponin |
during neuromuscular transmission, the axon terminals release |
acetylcholine |
the muscle action potential penetrates into a fiber along the |
transverse tubules |
in response to an action potential along the transverse tubules, the ____ release(s) calcium ions into the sacroplasm |
sacroplasmic reticulum |
the narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fibers is the |
synaptic cleft |
each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single |
neuromuscular junction |
active sites on the actin become available for binding after |
calcium binds to troponin |
receptors for acetylcholine are located on the |
motor end plate |
the action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by |
transverse tubules |
the most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is |
active transport of calcium into the sacroplasmic reticulum |
the calcium ion binds to troponin |
tropomyosin moves into the groove between the helical actin strands |
after death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sacroplasmic reticulum into the sacroplasm resulting in a condition known as |
rigor mortis |
in sacromere, cross-bridge attachment occurs specifically in the |
zone of overlap |
triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after |
acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the end plate membrane |
how would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle |
it would cause spastic paralysis- muscles contract and unable to relax |
when acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the end plate membrane becomes |
more permeable to sodium ions |
the cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contain vesicles filed with molecules of the neurotransmitters |
acetylcholine |
synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters that are released by ____ when the action potential arrives |
exocytosis |
the muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from |
loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane |
a patient takes a medication that clocks ACh receptors of skeletal muscle fibers. What is this drug’s effect on skeletal muscle contraction |
reduced the muscle’s ability for contraction |
to increase muscle tension, the nervous system can |
increase stimulation frequency, recruit large motor units, increase the number of active motor units |
the rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is |
a twitch |
a single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called |
a motor unit |
in an isotonic contraction |
muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load |
anaerobic glycolysis provides energy for muscle contraction when the supply of __ is limited |
oxygen |
during the core cycle, in the liver |
glucose is produced from lactic acid |
during the recovery period the body’s need for oxygen is increased because |
additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves consumed during exercise |
a resting muscle generates most of its ATP by |
aerobic metabolism of fatty acids |
creatine phosphate |
acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue |
during anaerobic glycolysis |
oxygen is not consumed, pyretic acid and ATP produced, carbohydrate is metabolized |
after heavy exercise, if energy reserves in a muscle are depleted, ___ occurs |
an oxygen debt |
which would lead to increased oxygen comsuption |
all of the above |
the ___ type of muscle fiber has relatively few mitochondria |
fast |
type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ___ fiber |
slow |
fast fibers |
have low resistance to fatigue and have quick twitches |
fast muscle fibers can adapt to aerobic metabolism by generating more mitochondria in response to |
repeated, exhaustive stimulation |
slow muscle fibers compared to fast muscle fibers |
generate less tension, rich in red protein myoglobin, take 3x as long to reach peak tension, have smaller fiber diameters |
which is true about cardiac muscle fibers |
single nucleus, have long twitch duration compared to skeletal fibers, fibers branch |
ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called |
plasticity |
what is not a characteristic of smooth muscle |
s. muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses |
which is not a function of smooth muscle tissue |
forcing blood from heart into major arteries |
Anatomy Chapter 10
Share This
Unfinished tasks keep piling up?
Let us complete them for you. Quickly and professionally.
Check Price