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What was the dominant model of federalism starting with the New Deal? |
cooperative |
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Which of the following is an example of a categorical grant? |
Funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low-income area. |
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How many general types of federal grants exist? |
three |
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Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is __________ in conflicts between federal and state law. |
supreme |
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Dillon’s Rule states that all local government must be authorized by which of the following? |
the state government |
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What are reserved powers? |
powers that belong to the states or people because they are not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution |
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In 2014, what did the Supreme Court decide about the use of prayers to open government meetings? |
Such meetings can start with a prayer even if it clearly favors one faith. |
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In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits __________, not __________, activity. |
federal; state |
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Prior to the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was governed by the Articles of __________. |
Confederation |
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Which of the following is an example of procedural due process? |
the right to a speedy trial |
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The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following? |
religion |
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Dillon’s Rule states __________. |
that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty |
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The power of both the state and federal governments to levy taxes is an example of what type of power. |
concurrent |
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Convicted criminals cannot have their sentences increased when a new law calls for tougher penalties due to a prohibition against __________. |
ex post facto laws |
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The doctrine of prior restraint says that the government cannot prevent speech or publication __________. |
before the fact |
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Which of the following clauses requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial? |
extradition |
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The Sixth Amendment sets out basic requirements for which type of due process? |
procedural |
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A defamatory, false written statement is __________; the same statement spoken aloud is __________. |
libel; slander |
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__________ powers are shared by the federal and state governments. |
Concurrent |
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The concept of nullification was quashed by which of the following? |
the civil war |
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Which of the following categories of grants did President Lyndon Johnson favor? |
categorical |
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Which of the following best exemplifies the cooperative federalism? |
New Deal legislation |
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Which of the following is an example of a reserved power of the states? |
imposing the death penalty |
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Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution? |
passing bills of attainder |
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What type of due process protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws? |
substantive |
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Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial? |
exclusionary |
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In the late 1980s, what caused the Rehnquist Court to start to restrict Congress’s ability to regulate various areas of the economy? |
the Court’s support for states’ rights |
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What kind of speech is by its very utterance intended to inflict injury or incite an immediate breach of peace? |
fighting words |
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Which of the following is an enumerated power of the national government? |
coining money |
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What did Abington School District v. Schempp find to be unconstitutional? |
state-mandated Bible reading |
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Inciting a fight by using threats and profanity could be considered __________, which is not a protected type of speech. |
fighting words |
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Which amendment gave Congress the power to levy and collect federal taxes on incomes without apportioning them among the states? |
sixteenth |
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According to Justice Blackmun, a woman has an absolute right to __________. |
an abortion during her first trimester |
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Which of the following is the best definition of federalism? |
A constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments. |
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Substantive due process means that states have a legal burden to prove that their laws __________. |
are a valid exercise of power |
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The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution protects against unreasonable __________. |
searches |
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The "right to remain silent" is a citizen’s protection against which of the following? |
self-incrimination |
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__________ is the proclaimed right of a state to declare a federal law void. |
nullification |
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The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following? |
an undue burden |
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In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court further developed which of the following? |
incorporation doctrine |
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What was the dominant form of federalism prior to the New Deal? |
dual |
|
The USA PATRIOT Act enhances the government’s ability to do which of the following? |
examine private records |
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Which of the following did Dred Scott v. Sandford address? |
slavery |
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The __________ Amendment states that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people. |
tenth |
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The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from which of the following? |
being tried again for the same crime |
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What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee to those accused of a crime? |
assistance of counsel |
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Which of the following is responsible for determining whether enough evidence exists to go to trial? |
grand jury |
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The __________ clause of the Constitution means that legally sanctioned marriages performed in one state should automatically be recognized by other states. |
full faith and credit |
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The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner? |
capital punishment |
|
In Gitlow v. New York, the Supreme Court held that __________. |
states must comply with the Constitution’s free speech guarantee |
|
The Bill of Rights is made up of the first __________ amendments to the U.S. Constitution. |
ten |
|
The Military Commission Act of 2006 was ruled unconstitutional because it violated detainees’ rights to __________. |
habeas corpus |
|
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court __________. |
broadly interpreted the national government’s power to regulate interstate commerce |
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In 2008, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to which of the following? |
habeas corpus |
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Today, the United States is the only western country to use which of the following to punish crime? |
the death penalty |
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Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another? |
full faith and credit |
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Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbras of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights? |
right to privacy |
|
Which of the constitutional amendments was the first to be incorporated and applied to the states? |
first |
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Which is an example of a programmatic request? |
Congress passing a law creating a technology incubator to benefit a single congressional district. |
|
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure? |
actual malice |
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Which of the following best explains the rationale for the selective incorporation of freedom of assembly? |
it is a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and justice |
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What two types of powers does Congress have under Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution? |
enumerated; implied |
|
New Federalism most favors which type of government grant? |
block grants |
|
Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school? |
mandatory prayer |
|
__________ grants typically allocate federal dollars for a specific purpose based on a state’s population. |
categorical |
|
The Seventeenth Amendment gave the people the power to elect which of the following? |
senators |
|
Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of separate but equally powerful state and national governments? |
dual |
|
Under which Court did the willingness to allow Congress to regulate in a variety of areas wane? |
the Rehnquist court |
|
The United States was the __________ nation to adopt a federal system of government. |
first |
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During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act by ruling that Congress has a right to restrict speech that __________. |
creates a clear and present danger |
|
__________ make an act punishable as a crime even if the act was legal when it was committed. These are prohibited by Article I of the Constitution. |
ex post facto laws |
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Which of the following is a concurrent power? |
power to tax |
|
If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is committing or about to commit a crime, that officer can stop the suspect __________. |
without getting a warrant |
|
Which amendment protects the right to bear arms? |
second |
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In McCulloch v. Maryland, which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank? |
supremacy |
|
A Pell grant is an example of __________. |
an unfunded mandate |
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Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government? |
creating banks |
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Miranda rights require that the police inform suspects of which of the following rights? |
remain silent |
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Which Supreme Court case is most closely associated with the exclusionary rule? |
Mapp v. Ohio |
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Which U.S. Supreme Court case found that a woman’s right to have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to privacy? |
Roe v. Wade |
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Before the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was organized as a(n) __________. |
confederation |
|
Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion? |
establishment |
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Which test examines the constitutionality of religious establishment issues? |
Lemon |
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Which Supreme Court case upheld the National Firearms Act, which imposed taxes on some kinds of weapons? |
U.S. v. Miller |
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In a(n) __________ system, local and regional governments derive authority from the national government. |
unitary |
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The Alien and Sedition Acts likely violated the Constitution’s prohibitions against __________. |
prior restraint |
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The New Deal best exemplifies which type of federalism? |
cooperative |
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The Supreme Court has used selective incorporation to __________ the authority of states. |
limit |
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What was the first major Supreme Court decision to define the relationship between the federal and state governments? |
McCulloch v. Maryland |
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Under the system created by the Framers, the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from __________. |
the people |
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Which of the following best describes progressive federalism? |
pragmatic |
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The process of incorporation has resulted in the __________ of federal power. |
expansion |
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Selective incorporation makes the protections in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments? |
Fourteenth |
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Barron v. Baltimore held that __________ is/are bound by the Bill of Rights. |
only the federal government |
|
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