First fungi evolved in |
ordovician |
conifers evolved in |
permian |
chloroplasts are found only in kingdom plantae |
false |
oparin did experiments in |
chemical evolution |
dna in the nuclei in eukaryotic cells is complexed with |
proteins |
pasteur bent necks of glass flasks to prevent from reaching water |
bacteria |
stanley milller combined methane and in water |
ammonia |
endosymbiosis theory argues a relationship between two cells |
mutualistic |
pasteur did an experiment to show there was no spontaneous generation |
true |
reids experiment involved denying access to meat |
flies |
some of pasteurs flasks are still on display today |
true |
pigment molecules are found in the |
chloroplasts |
first period of the cenozoic |
tertiary |
redi did an experiment to show that meat didnt produce maggots by process of |
spontaneous generation |
era broken into epochs |
cenozoic |
fist hominids appeared at end of |
tertiary |
bony fish evolved in the period if palezoic |
ordovician |
prokaryotic cells contain |
rna |
protenoid spheres could have evolved via |
self assembly |
stanley miller was able to produce synthetic |
amino acids |
first dinos appeared in the |
triassic |
period of first vascular plants |
silurian |
endosymbiosis theory argues small pro cells engulfed by |
larger pro cells |
multicellularity might have evolved by incomplete cell division |
true |
both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes |
true |
site for aerobic respiration in eukaryotes |
mitochondria |
most scientists think the earth is |
4.5 billion years old |
oparin converted nitro, oxy, and hydro to |
amino acids |
multicellularity might have evolved from coloniality |
true |
pleistocene epoch ended roughly |
8000 years ago |
bacteria like dna found in eukaryotes |
mitochondria |
some ammonia is materialized as |
nh4+ |
carbon is stored mostly as fossil fuels, co2 and in |
vegetation |
ecological niche of a species may be based on |
any of these |
some nitrogen is fixed by lightning |
true |
conversion of n2 to nh3 is exergonic |
false |
rabbit an example of |
primary consumer |
ecological pyramids illustrate amount of at various trophic levels |
biomass |
in a food web animals are never |
primary producers |
tropics may habor mire species with narrower niches than temperate plants |
true |
many ecologists argue that ecological efficiencies are about |
10% |
denitrification is conversion of to n2 |
no2 |
temperate species may tend to be more ecologically specialized than their tropical counterparts |
false |
highly specialized for diet of apple snails |
everglades kite |
ammonia is a gas and has chemical formula |
nh3 |
in photosynthesis co2 is converted to h20 and |
sugars |
symbiotic relationship between plant and Rhizobium is |
mutualistic |
northern mockingbirds were introduced successfully to |
hawaiian islands |
most gaseous nitrogen in atmosphere exists in form of |
n2 |
through evolutionary process, species may become increasingly adapted for narrower environmental conditions and this can make them more rare |
true |
another name for primary producers |
autotroph |
lower part of atmosphere |
troposphere |
ecological pyramids were brain child of |
charles elton |
top predator in food chain is |
tertiary consumer |
Rhizobium is found in nodules in association with |
legumes |
greenhouse gas most affected by human activities |
co2 |
plants take up inorganic nitrates and convert them to organic compounds |
assimilation |
plants take up water from soil and move it to atmosphere |
transpiration |
example of habit specialized species |
cape sable seaside sparrow |
water moves through soil to groundwater by process of |
percolation |
conversion of amino acids back to is called ammonification |
nh3 |
energy in biological systems mostly exists in form of |
atp |
Rhizobium is an example of a that plays a role in nitrogen fixation |
bacteria |
conversion of ammonium ions to nitrates |
nitrification |
photosynthesis is essentially |
carbon fixation |
denitrification occurs only |
when 02 is not available |
according to theory of natural selection |
more individuals of a species are born than can survive |
in the mis-19th century people mostly believed that species were |
immutable |
darwin published "origin of species" in |
1859 |
erectile feathers on the head are a sexually selected trait in |
prairie chickens |
darwin based his theory partly on observations of farm animals |
true |
not a tetrapod |
sea lamprey |
darwins theory of natural selection assumes that |
individuals vary |
darwin found fossils of at high elevations, suggesting that the Earth had changed over time |
marine invertebrates |
according to theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics" individuals transformed following |
perceived environmental stress |
there are embryonic tissue layers |
3 |
it is now well known that places have fewer species |
temperate zone |
darwin argued that those individuals that were naturally selected |
had more offspring |
example of sexually selected trait in passerine birds |
plumage dichromatism |
mechanisms for sexual selection follow |
2 |
species of deer in which both males and females have antlers |
caribou |
structures in different species such as the wings of insects and bats, are said to be analogous as they |
have different embryological origins |
theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics" was advanced by |
lamarck |
according to darwin’s theory a bat’s wing is homologous with a |
penguin flipper |
darwin noted that there were no native in Australian grasslands |
rabbits |
male sage grouse have as a sexually selected trait |
colored air sacs |
darwins theory requires that the |
earth was very old |
darwin observed that there were no on oceanic islands |
large herbivorous mammals |
darwin used evidence from to imagine the concept of " Centers of Origin" |
giant armadillo fossils |
upper bone in the forearms of all tetrapods |
humerus |
in the forearm of tetrapods, the radius is always paired with the |
ulna |
in the deutrotosome line, the blastopore becomes the |
anus |
paclitaxel is used as an anti agent |
cancer |
there are embryonic tissue layers in evolutionarily more advanced animals |
3 |
bacteria play an especially important role in the cycle |
nitrogen |
zygote has sets of chromosomes |
2 |
the archenteron forms from the |
blastocoel |
dorsal hollow nerve cord is a characteristic of just the |
chordates |
cells in the morgula migrate and arrange themselves to form a hollow ball of cells |
true |
class has the greatest number of vertebrate species |
osteichthyes |
toxic modes of chemicals often affect the in cells |
mitochondria |
developmental stage during which embryonic genes turn on |
gastrula |
seeds evolved during the |
paleozoic |
plants invaded land during the |
paleozoic |
first vascular plants evolved in the |
paleozoic |
according to lewis wolpert is the most important event in a person’s life |
gastrulation |
pharyngeal gill slits are a characteristic of just the |
chordates |
intracellular digestion is characteristic of |
sponges |
rotifers are characterized by having a |
pseudocoelom |
bacteria chiefly play an important role in ecosystems |
decomposition |
tree apparently produces paclitaxel |
pacific yew |
fungi are characterized by having cells with a cell wall made of |
chitin |
the platyhelminthes are the |
flatworms |
a true coelom is not seen in |
round worms |
protosomes have cleavage |
spiral |
highly toxic form of mercury that is formed by action of bacteria |
methyl |
deadly poison produced by some mushrooms |
amanitin |
fungicide used widely in Florida in the 80s and 90s |
benlate |
deuterotosomes have cleavage |
radial |
kingdom of species with prokaryotic cells |
monera |
only species of vertebrates have |
true bone |
embryonic tissue layer that lines embryonic gut |
endoderm |
pseudocoelom is typical of the |
nematodes |
at fertilization a single cell is formed |
zygote |
tetrahymena is a genus in the kingdom often used in toxicology studies |
protista |
native birds in hawaii were infected with by mosquitoes |
malaria |
all chordate characteristics are seen through the lives of the individual |
false |
in the protosome line, the blastopore becomes the |
mouth |
types of secondary body cavity seen in animalia |
2 |
echinodermata is a phylum of |
deuterostomes |
ratfishes belong to the same vertebrate class as |
sharks |
all members of the phylum chordata share characters |
4 |
choanocytes are characteristic of |
sponges |
protists involved in forming red tides |
dinoflagellates |
organisms that formed the white cliffs of dover |
foraminiferans |
in the development of animals is the primary body cavity |
archenteron |
lampreys and hagfishes belong to the class |
agnatha |
hemichordates are |
deuterostomes |
digitalin is a compound produced by a certain |
plant |
african sleeping sickness is caused by a |
protist |
chagas disease is caused by a |
protist |
malaria is caused by a |
protist |
lizards with specifically adapted toe pads for clinging to vertical surfaces |
geckos |
terrestrial caecilians are mostly adapted for |
burrowing |
all turtles are egg layers |
true |
american crocodile is still found on various islands in the caribbean |
true |
spadefoot toads are native to |
north america |
cone nosed toads are adapted for burrowing |
true |
tree lizards inhabit |
pinyon juniper woodland |
eyelash viper has a between the eye and nostril |
heat detecting pit |
gecko is a common introduced lizard in Gainesville |
mediterranean |
endemic family of frogs existed on the islands |
seychelles |
example of herbivorous lizard |
green iguana |
mexican parrot snake is a type of forager |
seize and swallow |
garter snakes are type foragers |
seize and swallow |
giant salamander is |
1.6 meters |
in florida, gators hunted recreationally |
true |
species of chameleon has been introduced to florida |
true |
plastron refers to part of a turtles |
shell |
development of young from unfertilized eggs |
parthenogenesis |
an endemic family of frogs is found on a series of oceanic islands formed by |
continental drift |
very fast predators that feed by running down their prey |
whiptails |
largest species of sea turtles |
leatherback |
chameleons are able to change their body color because of specialized cells called |
chromatophores |
less evolutionarily advanced salamanders are mostly |
acquatic |
according to the florida museum of natural history, there are species of crocodilians worldwide |
23 |
roughly species of caecilians |
165 |
python introduced to the everglades and apparently is becoming established there |
burmese |
temperature dependent sex determination was discovered in a study of |
red eared turtles |
anole is a common species introduced to florida |
cuban |
mordern order squamata likely descended from the fossil reptile group |
archosauria |
no native species of chameleons in madagascar |
false |
american crocodiles are widespread and abundant in florida |
false |
according to a team of researchers, giant tortoises once occurred on all the continents except |
australia |
nile crocodile is the largest crocodile species in |
africa |
species of poison arrow frog has been successfully introduced to the baltimore area where it has implicated in the reduction of roaches |
false |
of the sea turtles only the is chiefly herbivorous |
green sea turtle |
smaller turtles are mostly adapted for feeding on |
insects |
salamanders reach their highest diversity in |
northern hemisphere |
pythons differ from boas in that boas are |
live bearers |
scavenger that may occasionally kill and eat mammals |
komodo dragon |
caecilians are not found in the tropics of |
australia |
parthenogenesis is seen in about 1/3 of the species in the lizard genus |
cnemidophorus |
dorsal part of a turtles shell is called the |
carapace |
introduced nile monitor in florida may possibly become a threat to native |
burrowing owls |
desert iguana is indigenous to |
american southwest |
roughly species of salamanders |
310 |
among the amphibia several species are adapted for feeding on plants as adults |
false |
lizards feed on eggs, small mammals and birds |
monitor |
snake venom is made of |
proteins |
the largest salamander is native to |
japan |
the anhinga or snake bird is actually in the same order as the |
pelicans |
rheas have toes per foot |
3 |
about species of birds in the world |
9700 |
collecting bird nests and eggs was once a popular past time among the wealthy |
true |
about half the species of birds in the world belong to the order |
passeriformes |
ratite birds are characterized by having a |
flat sternum |
diving ducks mostly feed on |
invertebrates |
in various species of grouse, the males come to a common site called and attempt to attract mates by inflating air sacs and chasing other males |
lek |
example of a perching duck that is native to south america |
muscovy |
the hoatzin is a species native to |
south america |
example of dabbling duck |
mallards |
broad winged soaring species |
buetos |
in england another name for loons |
divers |
loons have suffered declines on their breeding grounds due to |
acid rain |
wrote fascinating book called island waterfowl |
milton weller |
grebes are loon-like birds with feet |
lobed |
whistling ducks were once called |
tree ducks |
of the ratites only has just two toes |
ostrich |
species in the pelican-cormorant group have feet |
totipalmate |
one species of bird with a keen sense of smell |
turkey vulture |
white pelicans differ from other members of the order in that they do not |
dive from the air for food |
diving and dabbling ducks plumage |
dichromatic |
swan and geese plumage |
monochromatic |
species of mergansers in north america |
3 |
long tailed and short winged acrobatic fliers that mostly feed on birds |
accipiters |
elephant bird was native to new guinea |
false |
several captively bred california condors have been released in |
arizona |
pelagic bird like the tubenoses live |
far out at sea |
emus have toe per foot |
3 |
birds descended from the subclass of fossil reptiles |
archosauria |
claws on its wings to help it climb through vegetation |
hoatzin |
dabbling ducks characteristically feed in |
shallow water |
example of a diving duck |
scaup |
species of kiwi |
3 |
considered a sea duck although it lives mostly inland |
common goldeneye |
albatrosses are grouped with the |
shearwaters |
african ratites introduced to australia |
ostriches |
petrels are related to |
shearwaters |
once called the pigeon hawk |
merlin |
WIS2552 Topics 1-8 (Part 3)
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