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Which from the following list would be described as an economic issue? |
Poverty |
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The economy first became a distinct social institution during which historical stage of technological development? |
Agrarian Societies |
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For which of the following reasons might you argue that the United States is not truly democratic? |
All of the above: There is a lot of economic inequality, Millions of bureaucratic officials are not elected, Rich people have much more influence on our way of life than poor people |
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Turning metals into automobiles is work that falls within the…? |
… |
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People with lower social standing in the United States tend to be… on social issues and… on economic issues. |
Conservative; liberal |
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With respect to war, the text explains that… |
… |
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The postindustrial economy is defined by… |
Service work largely based on computer technology |
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Modernization theorists see large corporations as… |
Unleashing the productive power of capitalism to speed development in poor nations |
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In Max Weber’s view, monarchy claims legitimacy based on… |
Traditional Authority |
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Which of the following traits DOES NOT describe the operation of a socialist economy? |
Laissez-faire Economy |
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In the United States, about what percent of the labor force performs tertiary sector work? |
85 percent |
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The military-industrial complex refers to… |
The close link between the government, defense contractors, and the military. |
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A sociological profile of men and women in the U.S armed forces today reveals a large share of young people who… |
All of the above: Are of working-class background, are looking to the military for a job/job training, join the military to earn money for college or just to get out of a small home town |
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Which of the following countries best exemplifies a system of state capitalism? |
South Korea |
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In general, high-income people tend to be … on social issues and … on economic issues. |
Liberal; Conservative |
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Which of the following new sources of energy launched the Industrial Revolution? |
The steam engine |
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A power-elite model of the U.S. political system suggest that… |
Power is concentrated in the hands of the few |
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Over the course of the last century, the share of people in the U.S. labor force involved in agricultural work… |
Has declined steadily |
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Dependency theorists see large corporations as… |
Intensifying global inequality |
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In general, terrorism is the strategy favored by… |
A weak organization against a stronger foe |
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For almost fifty years, what strategy has kept the peace between the world’s nuclear superpowers? |
Deterrence |
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Preindustrial societies, explained Max Weber, are characterized by having… |
Mostly traditional authority |
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Which of Weber’s types of authority rests on extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion in followers? |
Charismatic Authority |
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The United States is a mostly capitalist nation because… |
The vast majority of productive businesses are privately owned. |
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A conglomerate is… |
A giant corporation composed of many smaller corporations |
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The social thinker whose ideas provide the greatest support for the operation of a free-market economy was… |
Adam Smith |
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As a social institution, the economy… |
All of the above: produces goods and services, guides the consumption of goods and services, and distributes goods and services. |
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The concept "state capitalism" refers to a system in which… |
Privately-owned companies cooperate closely with the government |
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Which of the following responses is a factor encouraging political revolution? |
All of the above; rising expectation of a better life, unresponsive government, radical leadership by intellectuals |
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Concerning the issue of personal freedom, capitalist systems emphasize people’s…, while socialist systems emphasize people’s… |
Freedom to pursue their self-interest; freedom from basic want |
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Which of the following statements is correct? |
Revolution can and does produce many types of government. |
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Terrorism refers to… |
The use or threat of violence as a political strategy by an individual or group |
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About how much money does the world as a whole spend annually for military purposes? |
$1.8 trillion |
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Politics is a social institution that is defined in terms of society’s… |
Distribution of power, goals, and decision making. |
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In the United States, … people tend to vote Democratic, while … people mostly vote Republican. |
Urban; rural |
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By the early 1960s, most of the people in the U.S. labor force had which type of job? |
White-collar |
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Which of the following concepts refers to an economy based on computer technology? |
Postindustrial economy |
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Max Weber defined power as… |
The ability to achieve desired ends, despite resistance. |
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Capitalist societies base their claim to democracy on… |
People having personal liberties |
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People who attract followers, including Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, display… |
Charismatic Authority |
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Socialism is an economic system in which there is… |
… |
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The Marxist political-economy model suggest that… |
An anti-democratic bias exists in the capitalist system |
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Globalization of the economy means that… |
… |
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The text describes three technological revolutions that transformed all of social life. Which of the following is NOT one of them? |
The Immigration Revolution |
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The concept of "global economy" refers to… |
Economic activity that moves across national borders. |
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Contrasted with socialist economic systems, capitalist economic systems typically… |
Generate more economic inequality |
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In 2014, about what percentage of the world’s people lived in countries that can be considered politically "free"? |
40 percent |
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Which sector of the economy generates raw materials directly from the natural environment? |
Primary Sector |
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Socialist societies base their claim to democracy on… |
Meeting the basic needs of all |
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Which of the following statements about the Information Revolution is NOT correct? |
There was a shift from farming to turning raw materials into finished products. |
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In recent decades, union membership… |
Has declined in the United States and other high-income nations. |
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Read the four descriptions below. Which of them does NOT apply to a profession? |
Working for a large, well-established country. |
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In general, how does income affect the likelihood of voting in the United States? |
Most high-income people vote; most low-income people do not. |
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Which statement about terrorism is TRUE? |
All of the above; Whether someone is a "terrorist" or a "freedom fighter" is often a matter of definition, democratic societies are especially vulnerable to terrorism, identifying and effectively targeting terrorists is usually difficult. |
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The development of agriculture was set in motion by… |
Using animals to pull the plow |
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Computers are having which of the following effects on the workplace? |
All of the above; deskilling labor, limiting workplace interaction, enhancing employers’ control of workers. |
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Globalization of the economy means that… |
… |
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In the United States, yesterday’s family farms have given way to… |
Corporate agribusinesses |
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Industrialization decreases the importance of which type of authority? |
Traditional Authority |
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The concept "oligopoly" refers to… |
Domination of a market by a few producers |
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In the United States, about what percentage of the labor force performs tertiary sector work? |
85 Percent |
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In the 2012 presidential election, about what percentage of registered voters actually went to the polls? |
About 58 percent |
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Which of the following statements about political parties in the United States is true? |
… |
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Which of the following categories of the U.S. population is LEAST likely to vote in national elections? |
Hispanic people |
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A pluralist approach to the U.S. political system suggests that… |
Power is widely dispersed throughout society. |
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The concept of "political economy" refers to… |
The interplay of politics and economics |
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In a capitalist economic system, "justice" amounts to… |
Freedom of the marketplace allowing people to follow their self-interest. |
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Which nations in the world today claim to be democratic? |
Most high-income nations |
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A totalitarian political system… |
Concentrates power and closely regulates people’s lives. |
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Which social institution do most sociologists claim has the greatest effect on society as a whole? |
The economy |
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Over the course of human history, revolutionary changes in which of the following have brought great transformation to the economy? |
Production technology |
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The industrial revolution was based on… |
New sources of energy |
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The concept "authoritarian" refers to political system that… |
… |
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In 2011, a wave of popular uprising seeking more democratic government swept across which region of the world? |
… |
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Which of the following concepts refers to a political and economic system that combines a mostly market based economy with extensive social welfare programs? |
Welfare Capitalism |
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Contrasted with socialist economic systems, capitalist economic systems are typically… |
More productive |
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Capitalism is an economic system in which there is… |
… |
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Which of the following concepts refers to the use of violence by governments, often against their own people? |
… |
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The arms race refers to efforts by the United States and the former Soviet Union to… |
Increase their military power |
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Which of all U.S. wars was the most deadly in terms of loss of (U.S.) lives? |
The civil war |
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The National Rifle Association is an example of a(n)… |
Special-interest group |
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In the United States about what share of the population aged 16 and older is in the paid labor force? |
59 Percent |
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Which of the following nations comes closest to having a political system that is "totalitarian"? |
North Korea |
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What Weber called the "routinization of charisma: involves charismatic authority… |
… |
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Which of the following concepts refers to a political system in which a single family rules form generation to generation? |
Monarchy |
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Which of the following concepts refers to the formal organization that directs the political life of a society? |
Government |
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The expansion of office work marks the growth of the economy’s… |
… |
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Terrorism has been called a new kind of warfare because… |
It lacks clearly stated objectives and is not about controlling territory. |
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In a socialist economic system, "justice" amounts to… |
Trying to meet the basic needs of all in an equal manner. |
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Which of the following concepts refers to a political system in which power resides in the hands of the people as a whole? |
Democracy. |
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