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social psychology |
the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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social neuroscience |
an integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviors |
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culture |
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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social representations |
socially shared beliefs – widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies. This helps us make sense of our world |
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hindsight bias |
The tendency to exaggerate after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have forseen how something turned out, aka the "I knew it all along" phenonenon. |
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theory |
an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events |
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hypothesis |
a testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events |
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field research |
research done in natural, real-life settings outside the lab |
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correlational research |
the study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables |
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experimental research |
studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one of more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant) |
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random sample |
survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion |
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framing |
the way a question or an issue is posed; it can influence people’s decisions and expressed opinions |
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independent variable |
the experimental factor that a researcher manipulates |
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dependent variable |
the variable being measured that is not manipulated in experimentation |
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random assignment |
the process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition |
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mundane realism |
degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations |
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experimental realism |
degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants |
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deception |
in research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study’s methods or purposes |
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demand characteristics |
cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected |
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informed consent |
an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate |
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debriefing |
in social psychology, the postexperimental explanation of a study to its participants. It usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their understandings and feelings. |
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