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What are the three main difference between RNA and DNA? |
1. The SUGAR in RNA is RIBOSE not DEOXYRIBOSE. 2. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded. 3. RNA contains URACIL instead of THYMINE. |
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What is the one job in which most RNA molecules are involved in? |
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
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messenger RNA |
carries copies of the instruction for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell. |
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ribosomal RNA |
a kind of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosome |
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transfer RNA |
transfers each amino acid to the ribosme to help assemble proteins |
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How many strands of DNA does RNA POLYMERASE use as template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA? |
ONE |
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What does RNA POLYMERASE bind to? |
RNA POLYMERASE binds to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences. |
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What are promoters? |
Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA POLYMERASE when to begin TRANSCRIPTION. |
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Proteins are made BY joining _______ into long chains called POLYPEPTIDES. |
Amino Acids |
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How can ONLY four bases in RNA carry instructions for 20 different amino acids? |
The genetic code is read three letters at a time, so that each "word" of the coded message is three bases long. |
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What is a codon? |
A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides that SPECIFY a single amino acid that is to be added to the POLYPEPTIDE. |
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What is the number of possible three-base codons? |
64 |
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Are all amino acids specified from just one codon? |
No, some amino acids can be specified from more than one codon. |
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What is the "start" codon for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? |
AUG |
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What occurs during the process of translation? |
During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. |
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Where does translation take place? |
CYTOPLASM ON A RIBOSOME |
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Is messenger RNA transcribed from DNA in the nucleus before translation occurs? |
YES |
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What is the job of transfer RNA? |
It is supposed to bring the proper amino acid into the ribosome to be attached to the growing peptide chain. |
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What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon? |
It releases the NEWLY formed POLYPEPTIDE and the mRNA molecule into the CYTOPLASM. |
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What is an anticodon? |
THE COMPLEMENTARY to one mRNA codon. |
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Many proteins are ______, which CATALYZE and regulate chemical reactions. |
ENZYMES |
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