Review Ch. #13

Carrying a heavy backpack on one shoulder may increase the risk of low back pain.

True

What portion of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis (TB)?

one-third

Essential oils are an eco-friendly alternative to commercial air fresheners.

True

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children.

True

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) was once referred to as

Yuppie Flu.

Candidiasis is which type of infection?

Fungal

The bubonic plague is an example of a(n)

epidemic

Two lung conditions referred to as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Emphysema involves enlargement of the alveoli in the lungs.

False

An allergic response begins with exposure to a(n)

antigen

Rates of most STIs have decreased in recent years.

False

A hypersensitivity to ragweed in bloom results in

hay fever.

The vast majority of all back problems occur in the

lumbar spine.

After a relaxing week of backpacking and camping in the woods, during which you enjoyed drinking cool water from a creek, you have returned to school. Since you got back, you are experiencing abdominal cramps that won’t go away. This condition is probably not the result of schoolwork overload, but rather something you picked up during your camping trip. You likely have

giardiasis

Lung function can be damaged by a single exposure to a toxic chemical or severe heat.

True

You suffer from hay fever. The BEST over-the-counter medication to treat your symptoms consists of

antihistamines

An allergic reaction can trigger the release of which substance that produces allergy symptoms?

Histamine

Which of the following conditions involves inflammation and eventual scarring of the lining of the bronchial tubes?

Bronchitis

All of the following are considered repetitive motion disorders EXCEPT

arthritis

An antibody is any substance capable of triggering an immune response.

False

Ulcerative colitis is more common in males than females.

True

Herpes can be cured in its early stages with proper antibiotic treatment.

False

There are only four body fluids that spread HIV. It takes ______ of semen to spread HIV.

1 teaspoon

Headaches are usually indicators of a serious medical condition.

False

When invaded by antigens, the body forms substances called

antibodies

Which STI occurs in stages over a period of years?

Syphilis

Experts believe that the Epstein-Barr virus causes chronic fatigue syndrome.

False

Babies born to mothers with genital herpes should

be delivered by cesarean section.

Which of the following plays a major role in the body’s immune response?

Lymphocytes

When bacteria establish themselves in or on a host without causing an infection, this is known as

colonization

All of the following are true about viruses EXCEPT

they can reproduce outside of cells.

There are only four body fluids that spread HIV. It takes ______ of vaginal fluids to spread HIV.

1/2 cup

Bethany is 42 and has cervical cancer. It is probably related to an infection she had during her college years, which was

human papillomavirus (HPV).

Symptoms of asthma include all of the following EXCEPT

heart palpitations

The disease characterized by inflammation of airways in the lungs that causes spasms and blocks air flow is

asthma

All bacteria can cause disease in humans.

False

When Maria’s boyfriend returned from the health clinic, he told her he had been diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Maria should go to the clinic to get tested for gonorrhea and treated if she has it.

A self-replicating protein-based agent that is thought to cause mad cow disease is a type of

prion

Experts suspect that ulcerative colitis may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

irritable bowel syndrome.

The hands are the greatest source of infectious disease transmission.

True

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine?

Artificially acquired active immunity

A major criteria in the diagnosis of CFS is a debilitating fatigue that lasts at least

six months.

Which type of infection can be contracted by sharing needles?

Hepatitis B

A rise in body temperature that occurs to destroy invading cells is a(n)

fever

Another term for hay fever is allergic rhinitis.

True

Which immune system malfunction occurs when the body develops antibodies that attack its own tissues?

Autoimmunity

The infection known as mad cow disease can be transmitted to humans through eating the meat of infected cows.

True

All of the following must happen for a disease to occur EXCEPT

the host must never have had the disease before.

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or from mother to baby via breast milk?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial infection or caused by a bacterial infection?

Influenza

A hypersensitivity reaction in which the body produces antibodies to a normally harmless substance is a(n)

allergy

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life?

Naturally acquired active immunity

You cannot contract HIV through casual contact.

True

Which bacterial infection affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and for which college students living in dormitories are at a higher risk than other populations?

Meningitis

A global outbreak of influenza is an example of a(n)

pandemic

Migraines are the most common type of headache.

False

All of the following behaviors will compromise your immune system’s ability to fight infections EXCEPT

exercising regularly.

Two high-risk behaviors associated with the development of HIV/AIDS are having unprotected sex and injecting drugs.

True

HIV can potentially be transmitted through all of the following EXCEPT

sharing food utensils with an infected person.

There is little that can be done to reduce the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome.

False

Which of the following is TRUE about avian bird flu?

It has not yet mutated into a form highly infectious to humans.

Which of the following statements is correct about hepatitis B infections worldwide?

They are declining but are still a major health problem.

Mallory spent the summer working at a seafood restaurant in a small coastal town. While there, she began a relationship with a man she later discovered was a user of IV drugs. Now Mallory has hepatitis, which type is she most likely to have?

hepatitis B

The terms HIV and AIDS are synonymous and can be used interchangeably.

False

The new human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination prevents all types of HPV.

False

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between getting a chill and contracting a cold?

A chill may indirectly increase a person’s risk for getting a cold by lowering the immune system’s resistance.

HIV can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

True

The H1N1 outbreak that affected the United States is an example of a(n)

epidemic

Proper use of a condom during sexual activity does not guarantee protection against STIs.

True

You can only get pubic lice through sexual contact.

False

Which of the following is TRUE about emphysema?

Those affected tend to have a barrel-shaped chest.

The major risk factor for chronic bronchitis is

cigarette smoking.

You have a tension headache. Possible causes include all the following EXCEPT

an allergic reaction to milk in the ice cream you ate last night.

A lung disease is any disorder in which lung function is impaired.

True

The virus responsible for causing genital warts is

HPV

There are only four body fluids that spread HIV. It takes ______ of blood to spread HIV.

1 drop

You fell asleep at your desk after studying for more than 4 hours. You suddenly wake up, are sweating, and have a stabbing pain behind your left eye. You are probably experiencing

a cluster headache.

All of the following are recommended for avoiding contracting or spreading H1N1 EXCEPT

going to work while sick as long as you take medication.

The stage of syphilis that is characterized by a bacteria-filled chancre is

primary syphilis.

Amy contracted the flu. Getting a flu shot now will enable her body to attack and eliminate the flu virus in her system.

False

The common cold is always present in the population, meaning that it is

endemic

A key reason for the resurgence of measles and mumps infections is

a public backlash against vaccinations.

Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are called

pathogens

Asthma is an allergic reaction to specific types of pollen.

False

Emphysema is an irreversible respiratory disease in which

the alveoli are destroyed

Every time you eat something that contains yellow dye, you wheeze and get a rash. The dye must be an

antigen

New research suggests that migraines may be triggered within the brain itself as a result of

a complex biochemical and inflammatory process.

All of the following points about E. coli 0157:H7 are true EXCEPT

it can be serious but not fatal.

You woke up this morning with the worst headache of your life, and you feel nauseous. Your neck feels so stiff that you can hardly nod your head. Your roommate says your skin is very hot and you probably have a fever. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

You have signs of meningitis. Both you and your roommate should go to the health clinic immediately.

Trichomoniasis is which type of infection?

Protozoan

There are only four body fluids that spread HIV. It takes ______ of breast milk to spread HIV.

1 quart

Risk factors for COPD include all of the following EXCEPT

eating disorders

Histamine production can cause increased mucus secretions and other allergy symptoms.

True

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an inflammatory bowel disease.

False

Candi was mortified when her doctor told her that she had a protozoal disease. She probably had

trichomoniasis

The most common type of headache is the

tension headache.

Delay in seeking medical care for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) increases the risk of permanent damage and scarring that can lead to

infertility and other complications.

Hay fever is usually considered a seasonal disease.

True

What percentage of Americans will experience low back pain at some point in their life?

Around 85 percent

Any substance that triggers an immune response is a(n)

antigen

All of the following are key risk factors for TB EXCEPT

improved sanitation

Key factors in mounting an immune response include all of the following EXCEPT

red blood cells

The largest form of pathogen is

parasitic worms

Exercise can induce asthma in some people.

True

The most well-known symptom of mumps is

swollen salivary glands

The common cold is which type of infection?

Viral

Two weeks ago your nephew came down with the chickenpox while visiting. Now you have itchy, crusted spots on your arms and you feel terrible. You probably were infected with the chickenpox virus when your nephew was there but did not get sick until now because of the

incubation period.

Which of the following is a small form of bacteria carried by ticks that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

Rickettsia

Hepatitis B can lead to

liver cancer.