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Which of the following reasons might Dr. Elder have for changing his study in this way? |
To enhance external validity |
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Which of the following is the correct factorial notation for Dr. Elder’s new study? |
2 ´ 2 ´ 2 Definition of n! n factorial is defined as the product of all the integers from 1 to n (the order of multiplying does not matter) |
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According to the textbook, why is it important to study interactions? |
Many outcomes in psychology are interactions. |
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What does the author of your textbook mean when she writes, "we don’t live in a main effect world"? |
She means that interactions are common in everyday life. |
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In the study described above, Dr. Elder will need to examine ________ main effects and ________ interactions. |
3, 4 |
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If a person describes the results of a study to you by saying that there is a zero difference in one condition but a large difference in another condition, they are most likely describing which of the following? |
A spreading interaction- When an effect exists at one level of a second independent variable but is weaker or nonexistent at a different level of the second independent variable. |
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An author might use all of the following methods to indicate statistical significance EXCEPT: |
The inclusion of a graph |
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The mathematical way to describe an interaction is: |
A difference in differences |
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Which of the following CANNOT be said of the interaction in a study? |
It can be determined by investigating marginal means. |
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What are the two main reasons to conduct a factorial study? |
To test limits and to test theories. Factorial Study-having more than one independent variable, or factor, in a stud |
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Dr. Gavin decides that instead of conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design, he is going to conduct a 2 ´ 4 within-subjects factorial design. Which of the following things will change? |
The number of participants needed within-subjects factorial design-all participants are exposed to every treatment or condition |
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In graphing the results of his study, which of the following would NOT be true for Dr. Elder? |
Dr. Elder would reach different conclusions based on which independent variable he put on the x-axis. |
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Which of the following could NOT be said of the focus of activity variable in Dr. Elder’s study? |
The focus of activity finding is not as important as the type of activity finding. |
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Imagine that you are reading a journal article and you see the following sentence: "The study used a 2 ´ 2 ´ 4 design." Where are you likely to have encountered this sentence? |
The Method Section |
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Which of the following best describes Dr. Elder’s study? |
A 2 ´ 2 crossed factorial design |
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In Dr. Elder’s study, how many possible main effects exist? |
2. Main effects-is the effect of one of your independent variables on the dependent variable, ignoring the effects of all other independent variables. |
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To make his study a 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 factorial design, which of the following would Dr. Elder need to do? |
Add a new manipulated variable (time to complete the task: 5 minutes versus 10 minutes versus 15 minutes) |
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Based on the graphs above, why should Dr. Elder conclude that there is a three-way interaction? |
There is a two-way interaction for 10-year-olds but not for 20-year-olds. |
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Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design. Assuming he wants 25 people in each cell, how many participants does Dr. Gavin need to recruit? |
200 |
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Neely is examining the graph of an interaction and sees that one line is flat and one line rises sharply to the right. Which of the following should Neely conclude? |
There is a spreading interaction. |
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Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design. How many cells are in his design? |
8 ~Multiply the two numbers for number of cells |
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Imagine that you are reading a journal article and you see the following sentence: "The study used a 2 ´ 2 ´ 4 design." Based on this sentence alone, you would know all of the following pieces of information EXCEPT: |
The number of participants in the study |
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A "difference in the difference between the differences" would indicate which of the following? |
??A three-way interaction |
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Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design. How many interactions will Dr. Gavin need to examine? |
1 |
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Dr. Gavin decides that instead of conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design, he is going to conduct a 2 ´ 3 ´ 4 mixed factorial design. Which of the following things will NOT have to change? |
The number of researchers needed |
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In the case of a factorial design, another term for independent variable is: |
Factor |
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The number of main effects that need to be examined is ________ the number of independent variables. |
Equal to |
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Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design. How many independent variables are in his study? |
2 ~First number is the number of independent variables |
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In graphing the difference between the differences, which of the following values would Dr. Elder use? |
????9 |
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Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 ´ 4 independent-groups factorial design. How many main effects will Dr. Gavin need to examine? |
??2 |
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Which of the following reasons is the most likely reason Dr. Elder conducted a factorial design? |
To test whether task type interacts with the effect of activity focus |
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When reading popular press articles, why does the inclusion of participant variable information often denote a factorial design? |
Participant variables are often used as moderators. |
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The addition of the new variable to Dr. Elder’s study could be thought of as which of the following? |
A Moderator |
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In the study described above, Dr. Elder will need to examine how many two-way interactions? |
3 |
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Based on the graphs above, Dr. Elder should conclude which of the following? |
The interaction between activity focus and activity type depends on participants’ age. |
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