|
The____ theory of aging points to outside influences such as stress, physical exertion, and bodily damage. |
b.wear and tear |
|
Most parent/teen conflicts |
b.are over trivial issues such as hair, clothing, and taste in music |
|
Children raised with an authoritarian style of parenting are often |
b.insecure and resentful |
|
Early in life, infants will demonstrate their personalities through their |
a.temperaments |
|
The ___ are not fully developed at birth |
a.cones |
|
During Piaget’s pre operational stage, the child is unable to see the world through anyone else’s eyes but his or her own. This limitation is |
c.egocentrism |
|
When adolescents move into Piaget’s final stage of formal operations, what becomes possible? |
d.abstract thinking |
|
harlow’s study examined the importance of |
b.contact comfort |
|
One theory suggests that the effects of aging are produced by oxygen molecules with unstable electrons bounding around and damaging structures inside our cells. This is called______theory. |
b.free radical |
|
By five months, most babies can |
d.roll over |
|
____ is a disorder in which there is an extra chromosome in what would normally be the 21st pair. |
b.down syndrom |
|
The abstract thinking that occurs during Piaget’s formal operations stage becomes possible in adolescence due to |
b.final development of the frontal lobes of the brain |
|
Games like peek a boo and hid and seek are important for infents because they help babies develop |
d.a sense of object permanence |
|
The functioning, but not the structure, of the central nervous system is vulnerable throughout the _____ period. |
a.fetal |
|
The ______ design has the advantage of looking at real age related changes as those changes occur in the same individual |
a.longitudinal |
|
Kubler Ross theorized that people go through ____ stages of reaction when faced with death. |
d.five |
|
_______, which may be used to grow new organs or tissues for transplant or to repair neurological damage, develop during the germinal period |
d.stem cells |
|
the egg is also called the |
c.ovum |
|
men |
d.go through a time of sexual changes similar to but less dramatic than menopause |
|
Although many people begin to ______ in their forties, the loss often does not become noticeable until the sixties or seventies |
b.lose hearing |
|
Conservation refers to the |
b.ability to understand that altering the appearance of something does not change its nature |
|
The number one cause of death in middle age is |
b.heart disease |
|
According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis that adolescents must face is that of |
a.identity versus role confusion |
|
Dizygotic twins |
c.come from two fertilized eggs |
|
In cellular clock theory, telomeres_____, which ultimately causes aging. |
b.are too short |
|
A child who says, "Juice!" to mean, "I want some juice!" is using |
a.holophrase |
|
Abby and Brittany Hensel |
c.are conjoined twins |
|
In a cellular- clock theory, telomeres______,which ultimately causes aging. |
c.are too short |
|
With respect to Kolhlberg’s theory of the development of morality, |
d.about 20 percent of the adult population reach the post conventional morality stage |
|
The search for ________ is the central theme in adolescent social and personality development. |
b.personal identity |
|
___ is a teratogen that may cause blindness. |
b.rubella |
|
The generativity versus stagnation developmental crisis occurs during the ________ stage. |
c.middle adulthood |
|
babies born before 38 weeks are called |
d.preterm |
|
The "master gland" |
a.refers to the pituitary gland |
|
Genes are located on |
b.chromosomes |
|
The most likely time for a miscarriage is in the |
c.first three months |
|
________ occurs when there is an extra sex chromosome in the 23rd pair. |
b.klinefelter’s syndrome |
|
Vygotsky emphasized the importance of social interactions as a primary factor in cognitive development, whereas ________ stressed the importance of the child’s interactions with objects. |
a.piaget |
|
maginary audience refers to ________ in adolescence. |
a.extreme self consciousness |
|
Moro reflex is another name for the _______ reflex. |
b.startle |
|
Conjoined twins Abby and Brittany Hensel cannot be separated because they share a |
d.lower body |
|
Three-year-old Kara loves Barbie dolls, so she decides to give one to her mother for Christmas. This is |
b.egocentrism |
|
________ are structures on the ends of chromosomes that shorten each time a cell reproduces. |
a.telomeres |
|
Erikson believed those who are ________ are unable to focus outward and are still dealing with issues of intimacy. |
a.stagnated |
|
During critical periods |
d.environmental influences can have an impact on a developing infant |
|
The cessation of ovulation and the menstrual cycle is called |
b.meopause |
|
During andropause, |
a.there is a decline of testosterone |
|
the ________ begins to form during the germinal period. |
d.placenta |
|
A trait such as strawberry blonde hair may be explained by the inheritance of the recessive gene for blonde hair and the recessive gene for red hair, or _________ inheritance. |
d.polygenic |
|
The theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time is the ________ theory of emotion. |
c.Cannon-Bard |
|
According to Maslow, peak experiences are |
c.times in a persons life during which self actualization is temporarily achieved |
|
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, how is performance related to arousal during difficult tasks? |
c.performance is best when arousal is low moderate |
|
Obesity is a condition in which the body weight of a person is _____ percent or more over the ideal body weight for that person’s height. |
c.20-30 |
|
A psychological tension and physical arousal present when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension is a(n) |
d.drive |
|
What is the hormone that the new, low-carbohydrate diets are trying to control to prevent hunger cravings that commonly occur after consuming highly refined carbohydrates? |
b.insulin |
|
Which area of the brain is associated with fear? |
c.amygala |
|
The instinct approach |
c.has faded in importance because it only describes human behavior instead of explaining it |
|
When a person experiences an emotion, what is one way the body may react physically? |
c.increased heart rate |
|
Dan is a rock climber who constantly seeks bigger challenges. His dream is to scale Mount Everest. Zuckerman would classify Dan as a(n) |
a.sensation seeker |
|
A criticism of Maslow’s hierarchy is that it was developed using only Americans. In which country’s culture would security needs be much stronger than self-actualization needs? |
b.Japan |
|
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels on Clayton Alderfer’s revised version of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? |
b.security needs |
|
Which of the following is NOT true of a sensation seeker? |
d.Sensation seekers always need arousal in the form of danger. |
|
Which of the following would be the behavior of a person who has a need for power? |
a.Jay is in a middle management role within his company. Whenever he has a task to complete with his team, he dominates the group and demands that his ideas be used. He dreams of being the CEO of the company one day. |
|
In Schachter and Singer’s classic study of emotion, male student volunteers were injected with epinephrine, a drug that |
a.causes the same kind of physiological arousal that occurs during a strong emotional reaction. |
|
A study showed that Japanese students associated the subjective emotion of happiness with feelings of friendliness and social engagement. The study demonstrated an aspect of processing emotion in a(n) _______________ culture. |
b.collectivistic |
|
Which of the following does NOT play a role in determining the body’s weight set point? |
d.the size of the stomach |
|
According to Ryan and Deci, a person’s intrinsic motivation may be increased because of a combined sense of |
b.competence and autonomy |
|
Chris is in his twenties and has completed college; he has satisfied his curiosity about other cultures with a trip around the world when he graduated. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, which needs might he work to satisfy next? |
a.Aesthetic needs |
|
Which of the following is NOT an example of the Yerkes-Dodson law? |
b.A student’s high performance in the classroom is based on parents and teachers giving the correct form of praise. |
|
At the end of Josie’s yoga class, she does 5 minutes of meditation, making her feel happy and relaxed. What area of her brain is she likely engaging? |
b.left frontal lobe |
|
According to Dweck’s research, which of the following is a method parents and teachers can use to improve a child’s motivation to achieve? |
a.A teacher should praise a student’s effort in the learning process by saying, "That was a very clever way to think about this problem." |
|
Which part of the brain is associated with emotion? |
c.amygdala |
|
A(n) __________ is a requirement of some material, such as food or water, that is essential for survival of the organism. |
b.need |
|
People driven by the need for _____ have a strong desire to attain both realistic goals, and very challenging ones. |
b.achievement |
|
The yerkes-Dodson law states that |
a.performance is related to arousal;moderate levels of arousal lead to better performance |
|
As people age, what happens to the bodes BMR and weight set point? |
b.BMR decreases, weight set point increases |
|
Joni recently quit smoking. She constantly wants to chew gum or have something in her mouth. This is an example of an |
d.acquired drive |
|
Which of the following is NOT ALWAYS a factor that causes hunger? |
b.an empty stomach |
|
Katie was tired and missed her boyfriend.she had to go to work at the museum, where she had to smile and greet people at the entrance. After a while, katie felt happier. this is explained by which theory of emotion? |
c.facial feedback theory |
|
Curiosity,exploration, and playing are all examples of |
a.stimulus motive |
|
A study showed that japanese students associated the subjective emotion of happiness with feelings of friendliness and social engagement. the study demonstrated an aspect of processing emotion in an _______culture. |
d.universal |
|
A psychological tension and physical arousal present when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension is an |
a.drive |
|
Phil is a sales representative at a company that offers many incentives to employees including bonuses and free trips to employees for good performance. Phil is the highest-performing rep in the company and has won the trip every year for 4 years. Phil is probably motivated |
b.extrinsically |
|
According to Dweck’s research on achievement motivation, why might a student who has a history of bad grades be most at risk for developing learned helplessness? |
c.the student may become depressed because of the belief that intelligence is fixed, unchangeable and out of his or her control |
|
A child may see a dog and say "Cat!" because both have fur. when corrected, the child may change her scheme for cat to "furry" and pointy ears. this is |
c.accommodation |
|
A study compares a group of 20 year olds and a group of 40 years olds. each group is revisited five years later. this is a ____ design |
b.cross sequential |
|
the functioning but not the structure of the central nervous system is vulnerable throughout the |
b.fetal |
|
During critical periods |
environmental influences can have an impact on a developing infant |
|
one disadvantage of the longitudinal design is |
the lengthy amount of time involved |
|
_____are rod shaped structures found in the nucleus of each cell |
chromosomes |
|
genes that tend to fade into the background when paired with a more dominant gene are called |
recessive |
|
authoritarian parenting |
has a tendency to use physical punishment |
|
wake fields study linking to mar vaccine to autism |
has since been discredited |
|
_____babies tend to be irregular in the schedules and are very unhappy about change of any kind |
difficult |
|
at birth infants show a preference for ______tases |
b.sweet |
|
Physical changes in young adulthood |
are relatively minimal |
|
When calving mother left him with the babysitter, calvin said mommy go. this is an example of |
telegraphic memory |
|
genes that actively control the expression of a trait are referred to as |
dominant |
|
near the end of ________, oil glands in the neck and around the eyes begin tho malfunction, contributing to wrinkles in those areas |
twenties |
|
according to LeDouxs research its possible that people with emotional disorders may be processing stimuli mainly through the _____route, resulting in difficulty or inability to control emotions or to override fears . |
subcortical |
|
The first person to theorize that emotions are a product of evolution and are, therefore, universal was |
Darwin |
|
According to Maslow, peak experiences are |
times in a persons life during which self actualization is temporarily achieved |
|
Which area of the brain has been associated with sadness, anxiety and depression? |
right frontal lobe |
|
While walking down the street, preeti sees a large, snarling dog standing on the sidewalk. she immediately appraises the situation as dangerous, experiences fear, and becomes aroused. Preetis response to the dog is best explained by |
lazarus cognitive mediational theory |
|
many arousal theorists believe that a _______ level of arousal is optimal for most people under normal circumstances |
moderate |
|
______ is the theory of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties |
incentive approach |
|
Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by the ______ to control the levels of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the whole body |
pancreas |
|
According to the james lange theory of emotion, a physiological response to a stimulus is caused by the arousal of the |
sympathetic nervous system |
|
Which of the following is an example of behavior from a person who is a sensation seeker? |
On a beautiful day dylan impulsively decides to skip school and go hiking |
|
Accoriding to the research dr.joseph LeDoux emotional stimuli travel to the brain through both a fast crude subcortical low road and through a slower high road for processing by the |
prefrontal cortex |
|
Im skaking because I’m afraid is explained by the _______ theory of emotion |
common sense |
|
luke goes for a three mile run, causing him to sweat and become thirsty. in response to this need, luke drinks a bottle of water. when he rinks he restores his bodys |
homeostasis |
|
The approach to understanding motivation that is based solely on the belief in the need for stimulation is the ________ approach |
arousal |
|
_________is a type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal matter |
intrinsic motivation |
|
The role of the ventromedial hypothalamus is to |
stop the eating response when glucose levels go up |
|
In his theories of development piaget focused on |
the childs internal cognitive development |
|
In eriksons______ stage toddlers realize that they can direct their own behavior |
autonomy versus shame and doubt |
|
Adolescence is |
concerned with how a parson deals with life issues such as work family relationships |
|
Which one of the following is an example of Vygotskys concept of scaffolding? |
Little jennys mother works one on one with her on a new task but gradually helps less and less and jenny becomes more skilled and capable |
|
A child who criticies his parent for speeding because speeding is against the law is demonstrating_____ morality |
conventional |
|
_______ parents seem to be too involved with their children |
permissive indulgent |
|
_____ is the final completion of the go |
integrity |
|
Genes that tend to fade into the background when paired with a more dominant gene are called |
recessive |
|
During andropause |
there is a decline of testosterone |
|
_____ infants, when their mothers are nearby are wary but calm around strangers |
securely attached |
|
With respect to vision, newborns |
have clear vision to about 7 to 10 inches |
|
During the ______ period of prenatal development major organs and structures of the organism develop |
embryonic |
|
Infants hearing is functional |
before birth |
|
Which area of the brain has been associated with sadness, anxiety and depression |
right frontal lobe |
|
Which of the following is NOT an element of emotion |
anticipation of what another human being may feel |
|
adam wants to feel happier. according to the facial feedback hypothesis what should adam do |
smile more |
|
In a social situation, an american may display anger outwardly by shouting or banging on a table but a japanese person may not show anger outwardly at all and will remain calm. this is an example of |
display rules |
|
the hormone leptin has been linked to obesity. what is its role in the hunger process |
when released in the bloodstream, leptin signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough foo and is salted |
|
Luke goes for a three mile run, causing him to sweat and become thirsty. in response to this need luke drinks a bottle of water. when he drinks he restores his bodys |
homeostatsis |
|
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of Clayton Alderfers revision of Maslows hierarchy? |
Autonomy needs |
|
Which structure or organ is thought to be responsible for stopping the eating response when glucose levels go up? |
ventromedial hypothalamus |
|
The physical arousal of emotion is created by the |
sympathetic nervous system |
|
What is the lowest, or most basic, level on mallows hierarchy of needs |
physicolgical needs |
|
Accoriding to Carol Dwecks research people who believe that their lives are controlled by others more powerful than them or who believe in luck or fate are considered to have |
external locus of control |
|
The need to be able to master the challenging taks of ones life is the need for |
competence |
|
Im shaking because I’m afraid is explained by the _______ theory of emotion |
common sense |
|
Which of the following are the levels of clayton alderfers revised hierarchy? |
Existence needs relatedness needs and growth needs |
|
In extrinisic motivation a person is motivated |
to work for an outcome that is separate or external from themself |
|
_______ proposed a total of 18 inches that drive human behavior |
William Mcdougall |
|
Which of the following is NOT an example of extrinsic motivation |
hunger |
|
Which of the following is one of the seven universally recognized facial expressions of emotion? |
b.disgust |
|
Which of the following is an example of a social component of hunger |
a girl feels lonely so she eats an extra helping of dessert to cheer herself up |
|
Which structure or organ is thought to be responsible for stopping the eating response when glucose levels go up? |
ventromedial hypothalamus |
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