|
Physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm is known as
A. aggression.
B. hostileaggression.
C. instrumentalaggression.
D. bothhostileandinstrumentalaggression.
|
A
|
|
Which of the following is an example of aggression as it is defined in the text?
A. Samaccidentallyslamsthecardoortooquickly,andithitsTim’sknee.
B. LuisaurgesherclassmatesnottovoteforMarcyfordormitorysenator,citing
some rumors about Marcy’s social life.
C. Carla,adentist,deliversashotofNovocainbeforepullingherpatient’stooth.
D. Joe’s eagerness and enthusiasm resulted in his being promoted to sales manager in
a very short time.
|
B
|
|
Juanita is upset with Rose, so during a social gathering she verbally cuts Rose down in front of others. Juanita’s behavior is
A. assertive.
B. manipulative.
C. aggressive.
D. an example of displacement.
|
C
|
|
_______ aggression springs from anger, and its only goal is to injure.
A. Manipulative B. Duplicitous C. Hostile
D. Instrumental
|
C
|
|
_______ aggression aims to hurt only as a means to some other end.
A. Manipulative B. Duplicitous C. Hostile
D. Instrumental
|
D
|
|
Most terrorism is considered _______ aggression.
A. manipulative B. duplicitous C. hostile
D. instrumental
|
D
|
|
According to Myers, in 2003 American and British leaders justified attacking Iraq not as a hostile effort to kill Iraqis, but as an instrumental act of liberation and of self- defense against presumed weapons of mass destruction. Social psychologists would consider this an example of _______ aggression.
A. manipulative B. duplicitous C. hostile
D. instrumental
|
D
|
|
Most murders are considered _______ aggression.
A. manipulative B. duplicitous C. hostile
D. instrumental
|
C
|
|
Of the following, which is the best example of instrumental aggression?
A. An angry football player tackles a quarter back after he attempts a long pass.
B. A jealous wife finds her husband with another woman and shoots them both.
C. A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to
poison him.
D. A man smashes his TV set after he cannot get it to work.
|
C
|
|
The death penalty does not effectively deter homicide. One reason for this is that most murders are the result of
A. hormonalinfluences.
B. hostileaggression.
C. instrumentalaggression.
D. amalfunctioningamygdala.
|
B
|
|
Instinctive behavior is behavior that is
A. survival-oriented and common to most members of a species. B. innate,unlearned,andshownbyallmembersofaspecies.
C. reflexiveandautomaticbuteasilyovercomebylearning.
D. taught to members of a species.
|
B
|
|
Sigmund Freud argued that aggression ultimately springs from
A. aninnatesexualdrive.
B. aprimitivedeathurge.
C. observationofaggressiveadultmodelsD. blocking of goal-directed behavior.
|
B
|
|
In contrast to Freud’s view of aggression, Lorenz argued that aggression is
A. innate.
B. adaptiveratherthanself-destructive.
C. biologicallyinfluencedbutnotinstinctive. D. sociallylearned.
|
B
|
|
Which theory is most susceptible to the criticism that it tries to explain aggression by naming it?
A. instrumentalaggressiontheory B. instincttheory
C. frustration-aggressiontheory D. social-learning theory
|
B
|
|
Instinct theories of aggression would have the most difficulty accounting for
A. silentandsocialaggressioninanimals.
B. widevariationsofaggressivenessfromculturetoculture. C. biochemicalinfluencesonaggression.
D. unprovokedoutburstsofaggression.
|
B
|
|
Which one of the following is NOT one of the reasons that lead Buss and Shackelford (1997) to conclude that aggression was adaptive for our distant ancestors?
A. Itwasastrategyforgainingresources.
B. Ithelpedpeopledefendagainstattacks.
C. Itintimidatedoreliminatedmalerivalsforfemales. D. It encouraged the rise of nations.
|
D
|
|
A study of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex of murderers found
A. nodifferencesbetweenthesemenandnormalcontrols. B. lessactivitythannormal.
C. spikesinactivitylevel.
D. moreactivitythannormal.
|
B
|
|
The study of neural influences on aggression has indicated that
A. onespecificregionofthebraincontrolsaggression.
B. activatingtheamygdalacanfacilitateaggressiveoutburstsinhumans.
C. activatingtheoccipitallobecancauseatyrantmonkeytobemoredocile. D. activating the frontal lobe can trigger aggressive behavior.
|
B
|
|
How intense and reactive we are in infancy reflects our
A. serotoninlevels. B. aggressiveinstinct. C. temperament.
D. sociallearning.
|
C
|
|
Which statement regarding aggression is TRUE?
A. Twin studies indicate that aggression is never genetic.
B. NewZealandstudiesindicatethataggressioniscausedbyabuse. C. Alcoholenhancesaggressiveness.
D. Aggression is caused by brain damage.
|
C
|
|
Long-term studies of New Zealand children revealed that
A. "bad genes" cause aggressive behavior.
B. "badenvironments"causeaggressivebehavior.
C. neithergenesnorenvironmentisresponsibleforaggressivebehavior.
D. theinteractionofgenesandtheenvironmentcancauseaggressivebehavior.
|
D
|
|
MacDonald and her colleagues (2000) found that intoxicated people administered stronger shocks and felt angrier when thinking about
A. their physical shortcomings. B. theirgradesincollege.
C. relationshipconflicts.
D. their families.
|
C
|
|
Studies of hormonal influences on aggression indicate that
A. hormonalinfluencesareasstronginhumansastheyareinloweranimals.
B. afterage25,testosteroneandratesofviolentcrimedecreasetogether.
C. variationsintestosteroneseemtohavenoeffectonbehaviorwithinthenormal
range of teen boys and adult men.
D. higherratesoftestosteroneareassociatedwithlessaggressivenessinmales.
|
B
|
|
It was raining out and Jessie’s car had a flat tire. After she managed to fix it, she arrived home late only to find someone had parked in her assigned parking spot. When she entered her apartment, she kicked her pet cat, who was waiting at the door. Jessie’s behavior is perhaps most easily explained in terms of
A. thefrustration-aggressiontheory. B. theadaptation-levelphenomenon. C. theMurphy’slaw.
D. the social learning theory.
|
A
|
|
The blocking of goal-directed behavior is called
A. instrumentalaggression. B. hostileaggression.
C. frustration.
D. displacement.
|
C
|
|
Frustration grows when
A. ourmotivationtoachieveagoalisweakened. B. wedidnotexpectgratification.
C. wearecompletelyblockedinattainingourgoal. D. we are surprised by a consequence.
|
C
|
|
The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration is referred to as
A. displacement.
B. substitution.
C. instrumentalaggression. D. projection.
|
A
|
|
After arguing with her boyfriend over the telephone, Roberta smashes down the receiver and then throws the phone across the room. This behavior most clearly demonstrates
A. theweaponseffect.
B. displacement.
C. instrumentalaggression. D. Parkinson’s second law.
|
B
|
|
A person kicking the wall after losing a game of poker is an example of
A. regression.
B. displacement.
C. relativedeprivation. D. the weapons effect.
|
B
|
|
Displaced aggression is most likely to occur when the target _______ to the instigator.
A. sharesnosimilarity B. sharessomesimilarity C. issomehowrelated D. is unrelated
|
B
|
|
According to Berkowitz (1989), the frustration-aggression relationship is mediated by the role of
A. gender.
B. age.
C. anger.
D. neurotransmitters.
|
C
|
|
The frustration-aggression theory is designed to explain
A. hostileaggression.
B. instrumentalaggression.
C. bothhostileandinstrumentalaggression. D. neither hostile nor instrumental aggression.
|
A
|
|
In a revision of the frustration-aggression theory, Berkowitz emphasized the importance of
A. anger,anemotionalreadinesstoaggress.
B. theroleofbiochemicalinfluences,suchasalcohol.
C. relativedeprivationandtheadaptationlevelphenomenon. D. catharsisasareduceroffrustration.
|
A
|
|
Frustration is noted to arise from
A. amismatchbetweenachievementsandrewards. B. thegapbetweenexpectationsandattainments. C. thedeprivationofelementsessentialtosurvival. D. learnedhelplessnessandhopelessness.
|
B
|
|
The perception that one is less well off than others is referred to as
A. adaptationlevelphenomenon. B. relativedeprivation.
C. Parkinson’ssecondlaw.
D. unjust-world principle.
|
B
|
|
Arthur did not work very hard on his last class essay assignment, so he was relieved at first to find that he had gotten a C. But when he learned that most of his classmates had gotten Bs and As, he felt unhappy and angry about his grade. Arthur’s experience is best explained in terms of
A. theadaptation-levelphenomenon. B. therelativedeprivationprinciple.
C. displacement.
D. Parkinson’s second law.
|
B
|
|
Your boss told you that she is giving you a 5 percent raise starting with your next paycheck. You are very pleased to hear this good news until you learn that some of your coworkers earned a 10 percent raise. Now you are unhappy and angry about your raise. Your experience is best explained in terms of
A. theadaptation-levelphenomenon. B. therelativedeprivationprinciple. C. displacement.
D. Parkinson’s second law.
|
B
|
|
Hennigan and her colleagues (1982) found that the larceny theft rate in U.S. cities jumped after television was first introduced. This result can be explained in terms of the
A. amountofcrimedepictedontelevision.
B. thieves’senseoffeelingdeprivedrelativetowealthytelevisioncharactersand
those portrayed in advertisements.
C. thieves’lackofpositivesocializationexperiencesathomeandschool.
D. amount of time spent watching TV.
|
B
|
|
Jason instigates more and more fights with younger children on the school playground because it gains him the attention and respect of his friends. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is
A. theresultoffrustration. B. instinctive.
C. alearnedresponse.
D. theresultofdisplacement.
|
C
|
|
According to Albert Bandura, an important influence on one’s tendency to be aggressive is
A. hormonal factors.
B. howmuchangerorfrustrationhasbuiltupinside. C. one’shereditarypredispositiontobeaggressive. D. observations of others’ behavior.
|
D
|
|
In a famous experiment by Albert Bandura and his colleagues, children watched an adult attack a Bobo doll with a mallet. They were then shown some toys that they were forbidden to play with. When they were taken to another room, they
A. begantocry.
B. attackedaBobodoll.
C. verballyattackedtheadultexperimenter.
D. chose to watch a violent rather than a nonviolent film.
|
B
|
|
Research on the role of family influences on aggression indicates that
A. abusedchildrenlaterabusetheirownchildrenatfourtimesthenationalrate. B. higherratesofviolenceoccurwhenfatherscareforthechildren.
C. anonlychildtendstobeaggressiveinsocialsituationsoutsidethefamily. D. physical punishment suppresses aggression in children
|
A
|
|
Compared to the national rate, abused children are _______ times _______ likely to abuse their own children.
A. 4;less
B. 4;more
C. 10;less
D. 10;more
|
B
|
|
According to the social learning theory, whether we act aggressively depends on
A. theaversiveevent.
B. theanticipatedconsequences. C. theroleoftheparent.
D. bodily symptoms
|
B
|
|
The pain-attack response has been observed in
A. rats.
B. monkeys.
C. snakes.
D. many varied species.
|
D
|
|
In view of research on the pain-attack response, Berkowitz (1998) now believes that _______ is the basic trigger of hostile aggression.
A. aversivestimulation B. neuralimpulses
C. frustration
D. rage
|
A
|
|
Which of the following has NOT been linked with aggressive behavior according to your text?
A. dashedexpectations B. apersonalinsult
C. physicalpain
D. anunexpectedrequest
|
D
|
|
In relation to aggression, the most studied environmental irritant is
A. pain.
B. cigarettesmoke. C. airpollution.
D. heat.
|
D
|
|
In an experiment conducted by Griffitt (1970), students who answered questionnaires while they were _______ reported feeling more tired and aggressive, and expressed more hostility toward a stranger than did participants in a control group.
A. distractedbyloudnoises
B. inanuncomfortablyhotroom C. beingcloselyobserved
D. eating popcorn and peanuts
|
B
|
|
What can we conclude about the relationship between heat and aggression?
A. Heatdirectlyfuelsaggressiveness.
B. Thereisnorelationshipbetweenheatandaggression.
C. Heatsuppressesviolence.
D. The correlations between heat and aggression do not prove a causal relationship.
|
D
|
|
Violent crimes are more likely committed
A. in the winter rather than the summer. B. whentheweatherishot.
C. onnightswithafullmoon.
D. duringrainyperiods.
|
B
|
|
Given the review of research on heat and aggression in the text, you can conclude that the relationship between these two variables is
A. positive. B. negative. C. neutral.
D. curvilinear.
|
A
|
|
The results of the Schachter and Singer (1962) experiment in which participants were injected with adrenaline prior to spending time with either a hostile or a euphoric person support the idea that
A. bodilyarousalfeedsoneemotionoranotherdependingonhowweinterpretthe arousal.
B. distinctphysiologicaldifferencesexistamongemotions.
C. frustrationislargelyafunctionofourpriorexperienceandwhomwecompare ourselves with.
D. everyemotiontriggersanopposingemotion.
|
A
|
|
Which statement is NOT true?
A. Sensationseekersaremorelikelytobeaggressive. B. Arousalfeedsemotions.
C. Sexualarousalcanamplifyanger.
D. Arousal has no effect on emotions.
|
D
|
|
Berkowitz and LePage (1967) found that frustrated men delivered more shocks when
A. gunshappenedtobeintheroom.
B. badmintonracquetshappenedtobeintheroom.
C. theyhadjustreceivedashotthatloweredtheirserotoninlevels. D. they were initially depressed
|
A
|
|
Research suggests that the sight of a weapon can
A. elicit frustration.
B. sensitizeonetothedangersofviolence. C. primeaggressivethoughts.
D. produce catharsis.
|
C
|
|
Which of the following has been found to be an effect of sexual violence in movies and television?
A. Womenaremorelikelytobelieverapeisaseriouscrime.
B. Menhavebecomemoreacceptingofviolenceagainstwomen. C. Womenhavebecomemoreaggressivetowardotherwomen. D. Viewers are less accepting of violence against women.
|
B
|
|
Repeated exposure to fictional scenes of a man overpowering and arousing a woman
A. createdacatharsisexperienceformen.
B. distortedpeople’sperceptionsofhowwomenactuallyrespondtosexualcoercion. C. decreasedmen’saggressionagainstwomen.
D. created a climate of fear in women.
|
B
|
|
Viewing sexually violent movies _______ men to brutality and results in _______ for domestic violence victims.
A. sensitizes; less sympathy
B. sensitizes;moresympathy
C. desensitizes;less sympathy
D. desensitizes; more sympathy
|
C
|
|
Repeated exposure to erotic films that feature quick, uncommitted sex does NOT have which effect?
A. tendstodecreaseattractionforone’spartner
B. tendstoincreaseattractionforone’spartner
C. tendstoincreaseacceptanceofextramaritalsex
D. tends to increase acceptance of women’s sexual submission to men
|
B
|
|
"Watching violence on television gives people a harmless opportunity to vent their aggression." This statement is most clearly consistent with the _______ hypothesis.
A. sensitization
B. catharsis
C. frustration-aggression D. sociallearning
|
B
|
|
As part of therapy, a clinical psychologist encourages her patients to install a punching bag in their homes to release hostility. The therapist apparently believes in
A. thesociallearningtheory.
B. Parkinson’ssecondlaw.
C. thecatharsishypothesis.
D. theadaptation-levelphenomenon
|
C
|
|
The _______ view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one "releases" aggressive energy.
A. sociallearning B. pornographic C. cathartic
D. pain response
|
C
|
|
In studies on violence, Eron and Huesmann (1980; 1985) found that 8-year-olds who watched the most violence were
A. unlikely to finish high school.
B. morelikelytogetadivorce.
C. morelikelytobeconvictedofacrime. D. more likely to commit child abuse
|
C
|
|
According to the text, one reason that TV viewing affects behavior is that it
A. evokesimitation.
B. lowersarousal.
C. hasacatharsiseffect.
D. distracts from other activities.
|
A
|
|
Which fact is TRUE?
A. Thepresenceofgunsinthehomedoesnotaffectlevelsofviolence.
B. IntheBobodollexperimentsbyBandura,watchingtheadultpoundthedollon
TV had the same effect as watching it live.
C. ViolentvideogamesdonothavethesameeffectasviolenceonTV.
D. There is no relationship between the introduction of TV into a community and
murder rates
|
B
|
|
When exploring why viewing violence on TV affects behavior, researchers consider all of the following EXCEPT
A. arousal.
B. disinhibition. C. desensitization. D. imitation.
|
C
|
|
Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior is what psychologists refer to as
A. prosocial behavior.
B. excitationtransfer.
C. instrumentalbehavior. D. social facilitation.
|
A
|
|
Gallup youth surveys show that the percent of 13- to 17-year-olds feeling that there is too much movie violence has
A. increased.
B. decreased.
C. stayedthesame.
D. changed depending on geographic area.
|
B
|
|
Surveys of adults and adolescents indicate that heavy viewers of TV violence
A. become more sensitized to violence.
B. underestimatethefrequencyofviolenceintheworld. C. aremorefearfulofbeingpersonallyassaulted.
D. feel safer and better able to protect themselves.
|
C
|
|
ourteen-year-old Kevin frequently watches violent television programs. This will most likely lead him to
A. experiencemoredistressatthesightofteensfightingonthestreets.
B. underestimatetheactualfrequencyofviolentcrimesintheworld.
C. becomemoreinterestedinresolvingtheconflictbetweentwoofhispersonal
friends.
D. become more fearful of being personally assaulted.
|
D
|
|
Kubey and Csikszentmihaly (2002) reported that compared to active recreation, television watching
A. induceshostilemoods.
B. isassociatedwithconsumingnon-nutritiousfood. C. suckspeople’senergyanddampenstheirmoods. D. creates a feeling of relaxation.
|
C
|
|
According to Gentile and Anderson (2003), "The scientific debate over whether media violence has an effect _______."
A. hasjustbegun
B. isanup-and-comingtopicofinquiry C. isbasicallyover
D. is debatable
|
C
|
|
According to Anderson (2003), playing violent games might have a more toxic effect than watching violent television because
A. theplayersarepassive.
B. televisionappearsmore"real."
C. playersplaytheroleofaviolentcharacter. D. television violence is not rewarded.
|
C
|
|
Which of the following is NOT one of the five consistent effects that Anderson (2003) found to be associated with video games?
A. increasedinterestindrugsandalcohol. B. increasedaggressivethinking.
C. increasedarousal.
D. decreased prosocial behaviors.
|
A
|
|
Anderson’s (2010) research on the effects of video games has reported that there is a _______ relationship between playing violent games and the frequency of arguments with teachers.
A. positive
B. slightlynegative
C. neutral
D. significantly negative
|
A
|
|
Adam frequently plays violent video games. Social psychologists would predict that Adam would therefore be likely to frequently
A. watchmanyhoursoftelevision. B. accesspornography.
C. getintofights.
D. listen to rap music
|
C
|
|
Groups can amplify aggressive reactions partly by
A. inhibitingimpulses.
B. implementingthecatharticeffect. C. diffusingresponsibility.
D. providingrolemodels.
|
C
|
|
Research confirms that groups
A. havelittleeffectonviolence.
B. canamplifyaggressivetendencies. C. candiffuseaggressivetendencies. D. promote catharsis.
|
B
|
|
Mullen (1986) reported that the more people are in a lynch mob, the _______ the murder and mutilation.
A. more frequent B. lessfrequent C. morevicious D. less vicious
|
C
|
|
Which one of the following does NOT predict increased aggression?
A. anonymity
B. TypeApersonalities
C. alcoholuse
D. thepresenceoftheresearcher
|
D
|
|
Which one of the following does NOT predict increased aggression?
A. maleactors
B. anger-pronepersonalities C. non-alcoholuse
D. violence viewing
|
C
|
|
Meier and Hinsz (2004), when deciding how much hot sauce to administer during research experiments, found all of the following EXCEPT
A. groupsretaliatedbydishingout24percentmorethanindividuals.
B. interactionwithagroupamplifiedindividualaggressivetendencies.
C. groupmembersretaliatedbygivingalmosttwiceasmuchtothosethathadgiven
them 48 grams.
D. groups did perceive less hostility from other groups than from individuals.
|
A
|
|
When in groups, aggression can increase because of all of the following EXCEPT
A. self-identitydiminishes.
B. conformitypressuresincrease. C. deindividuationincreases.
D. self-identity increases.
|
D
|
|
Which of the following statements about aggression is FALSE?
A. Aversiveexperiences,includingfrustrations,discomfort,andpaincaninfluence aggression.
B. Arousalfromanysource,includingphysicalexerciseorsexualstimulation,can be transformed into anger.
C. Aggressioncues,suchasagun,increasethelikelihoodofaggressivebehavior.
D. Repeatedly playing violent video games does not increase aggressive thinking
|
D
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Aversiveexperiences,includingfrustrations,discomfort,andpaincaninfluence aggression.
B. Arousalfromanysource,includingphysicalexerciseorsexualstimulation,can be transformed into anger.
C. Heavyexposuretotelevisedviolencedoesnotcorrelatewithaggressivebehavior.
D. Repeatedly playing violent video games may increase aggressive thinking
|
C
|
|
The near consensus among social psychologists is that
A. viewingorparticipatinginviolencefailstoproducecatharsis. B. hittingapunchingbagreducesaggression.
C. sexualmaterialsprovideanoutletforbottled-upimpulses.
D. wars seem to purge aggressive feelings.
|
A
|
|
Bushman (2002) invited angered participants to hit a punching bag while either ruminating about the person who angered them or thinking about becoming physically fit. A third group of participants did not hit the punching bag. When given a chance to administer loud blasts of noise to the person who angered them, people in _______ condition felt angrier and were more aggressive.
A. thenon-punchingbag
B. thepunchingbagplusfitnessthoughts C. thepunchingbagplusrumination
D. noneofthe
|
C
|
|
What is true about retaliation?
A. Itreducestensioninthelongrun.
B. Itdoesnotprovidepleasure.
C. Inthelongrun,itfuelsmorenegativefeelings.
D. When people who have been provoked hit a punching bag, it is cathartic.
|
C
|
|
Some of the ways we can reduce aggression were listed in the text summary. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways?
A. Expressingaggressionbycatharsistendstodecreaseaggression.
B. Sociallearningtheorysuggestscontrollingaggressionbyreducingaversive
stimulation.
C. Sociallearningtheorysuggestscontrollingaggressionbyrewardingandmodeling
nonaggressive behavior.
D. Social learning theory suggests controlling aggression by eliciting reactions
incompatible with aggression.
|
A
|
|
Myers suggests that one way we could reduce aggression is by
A. reactingtocrimeafterithappens.
B. forbiddingchildrentowatchTV.
C. trainingparentshowtodisciplinewithoutviolence. D. outlawing video games
|
C
|
|
Americans’ ideas for protecting themselves include all of the following EXCEPT
A. buy a gun for self-protection.
B. build more prisons.
C. impose a "three strikes and you’re out" requirement of lifetime incarceration for violent crimes.
D. don’t kill people who kill.
|
D
|
|
Which action represents aggression?
A. afiredemployeeseethingwithrage B. adentistdrillingatooth
C. astrangershoutingprofanitiesatyou D. a clumsy person bumping into you
|
C
|
|
Which hormone is most closely linked to aggression?
A. estrogen
B. testosterone
C. adrenaline
D. gonadotrophin
|
B
|
|
Current motivational approaches to aggression suggest that frustration
A. doesn’tleadtoaggressionafterall.
B. reducesaggressionmorethanitstimulatesit.
C. triggersanger,whichcangenerateaggressioninsomesituations. D. works by triggering the fight-or-flight regions of the brain.
|
C
|
|
Research studies of the influence of television on aggression suggest that
A. instincttheoriesofaggressionaremorepredictivethansociallearningtheories.
B. aggressionislearnedprimarilyfromparents,ratherthanthemedia.
C. childrenlearnaggressivebehaviorsfromwhattheyseeontelevisionandthenuse
these behaviors when they are adults.
D. no latent trait called aggressiveness exists.
|
…
|
|
Which of the following actions is an example of instrumental aggression?
A. murderingaspouseforinfidelity
B. suicidalterroristbombings
C. gossipingaboutsomeonewhenyouareangrywithhimorher D. having a fist fight with someone for scratching your car
|
B
|
|
Peter, a cashier at a local grocery store, was berated at work by his manager. He comes home from work and promptly yells at his wife and kicks the cat. This is an example of
A. displacement.
B. thefrustration-aggressiontheory. C. relativedeprivation.
D. social learning theory.
|
A
|
|
____ may explain why happiness levels are lower and crime rates are higher in areas with large income inequalities.
A. Displacement
B. Frustration-aggressiontheory C. Relativedeprivation.
D. Social learning theory
|
C
|
|
All the following factors are likely to increase aggression EXCEPT
A. offensiveodors.
B. heat.
C. pain.
D. sleep deprivation.
|
…
|
|
____ are culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations.
A. Social scripts
B. Prosocialbehaviors
C. Mediadesensitizationpractices D. Catharsis
|
A
|
|
Allan is a salesman at a local electronics store and works on commission. When customers come in he does not leave their side until they walk out the door. He talks to them, shows them different equipment, and makes suggestions for accessories they might not have considered. Allan’s behavior is best described as
A. aggressive. B. assertive.
C. hostile.
D. instrumental.
|
B
|
|
Phil believes that aggression is unlearned and universal. In other words, Phil believes aggression is
A. reflexive.
B. hormonal. C. neurological. D. instinctual.
|
D
|
|
Evolutionary theories for aggression explain all of the following EXCEPT why
A. peoplefightoverresources.
B. peopledefendagainstattacks.
C. mentrytoeliminateothermalerivalsforfemales. D. some people are more aggressive than others.
|
D
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|
The prefrontal cortex in antisocial men is _____ less active than that of the everyday "normal" person.
A. 5% B. 10% C. 14% D. 20%
|
C
|
|
Kevin is very thirsty as he walks to class so he is thrilled to pass a vending machine. When the machine malfunctions and keeps his money without delivering his drink Kevin will likely feel
A. aggressive. B. assertive. C. frustrated. D. rage
|
C
|
|
Bandura’s famous study on social learning theory explored children’s aggressive behaviors
A. afterwatchinganadultbeatupaninflatabledoll. B. whentheyplayedonahotplayground.
C. afterplayingviolentvideogames.
D. when they were with their family versus peers.
|
A
|
|
What percentage of abused children go on to abuse their own children later in life?
A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%
|
c
|
|
Hunting rifles are LEAST likely to prime aggressive thoughts in
A. hunters. B. adults. C. women. D. children
|
A
|
|
Donnerstein (1980) had men watch a neutral, erotic, or aggressive-erotic film. These men were then asked to teach a confederate a list of nonsense syllables by choosing how much shock to administer for incorrect answers. Who delivered the most shock?
A. those who saw the neutral film
B. thosewhosawtheeroticfilm
C. thosewhosawtheaggressive-eroticfilm
D. Donnerstein found no significant difference between the groups
|
C
|
|
Which of the following is an example of desensitization?
A. Allison, who watches a lot of boxing, "doesn’t mind" seeing people in a fist fight B. Brian,whowatchesalotofpornography,thinkswomenreallywanttobe"taken" C. Steve,whowatchesalotofSesameStreet,thinkssharingisimportant
D. Kim, who believes that if someone pushes you, you need to fight back
|
A
|
|
Playing violent, over non-violent, video games has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT
A. increasedarousal.
B. increasedaggressivebehaviors. C. decreasedprosocialbehavior. D. increased feelings of empathy.
|
D
|
|
Increased aggressive behaviors are predicted by all of the following EXCEPT
A. thepresenceofweapons. B. anonymity.
C. silent sulking.
D. groupinteraction.
|
C
|
|
Bushman (2002) let angry research retaliate against the person who angered them. Participants who _____ before being allowed to retaliate were LEAST aggressive.
A. did not hit a punching bag
B. hitapunchingbagwhilethinkingaboutthepersonwhoangered C. hitapunchingbagwhilethinkingaboutphysicalfitness
D. watched violent TV
|
A
|
|
From a social learning perspective, how should Maggie and Nelson teach their daughter to stop throwing things when she is angry?
A. ignoreherangryoutburstsandpraisenonaggressivebehaviors B. threatenharshpunishmentsliketakinghertoysaway
C. spank her
D. yell at her until she stops
|
A
|
|
Joe had problems controlling himself as a young child. Which of the following is true of Joe as an adult?
A. Hewilllikelybeanon-aggressiveadult. B. Hewillbevulnerabletodepression.
C. Hewillbevulnerabletodrugabuse.
D. Hewilllikelybeanassertiveadult.
|
C
|
|
Which of the following is false?
A. Inthemajorityofhomicideseitherthevictimorassailanthadbeendrinking. B. Thinmenaremoreaggressiveafterdrinkingalcohol.
C. Womenaremoreaggressiveafterdrinkingalcohol.
D. Men’stestosteronelevelsriseafterhandlingagun.
|
B
|
|
Research by Gesch et al. (2002) showed that prisoners who received nutritional supplements were involved in _____ violent incidents than those in the placebo group.
A. 35%more B. 35%less C. 15%more D. 15%less
|
B
|
|
According to Sivarajasingam et al. (2005), why might fans of winning teams more likely to commit postgame assaults than fans of losing teams?
A. Theinteractionbetweenincreasedtestosteroneandcelebration-relateddrinking. B. Theinteractionbetweentemperamentandtestosterone.
C. Adecreaseinfrustration.
D. Displacement of excitement and celebration-related drinking.
|
A
|
|
_____ are especially vulnerable to displaced aggression.
A. Olderadults
B. Teenagers
C. Outgrouptargets D. Family members
|
C
|
|
According to culture of honor, research helps explain why
A. individualisticculturesaremoreaggressivethancollectivistcultures.
B. collectivistculturesaremoreaggressivethanindividualisticcultures.
C. U.S.citiespopulatedbysouthernershavehigherthanaverageWhitehomicide
rates than those populated by northerners.
D. U.S. cities populated by northerners have higher than average White homicide
rates than those populated by southerners.
|
C
|
|
Viewing pornography
A. contributestomen’sactualaggressiontowardwomen.
B. leadsmentofantasizeaboutrapingwomen.
C. doesnotimpactmen’saggressiveactsorthoughtstowardwomen. D. leads men to fantasize about being raped.
|
…
|
|
Which of the following is false?
A. Serialkillersreportusingpornographyatunusuallyhighrates.
B. Childrenwhoviewpornographyarelesslikelytobesexuallyaggressivetoward
others.
C. MostmenarrestedforInternet-basedpornographyhavemolestedachildatleast once.
D. University men who consume a large amount of pornography are more likely to be sexually aggressive.
|
…
|
|
Which of the following is not one of the needs playing video games satisfy according to Przyblski et al. (2010)?
A. control
B. socialconnection C. competence
D. dominance
|
D
|
|
Which of the following is true?
A. Acrosscenturies,humanshavebecomemoreviolent.
B. TheUnitedStatesistheonlywesterndemocracythathasnotabolishedthedeath
penalty.
C. Somewesterndemocraciesstillenforcethedeathpenaltyforcounterfeiting.
D. Manywesterndemocraciescontinuetoseeincreasesinanti-gayattitudes.
|
B
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