PSY 205- Chapter 14

undermining their feelings of competence and self-esteem.

Ageism impacts the elderly by:

she is doing well but they have more problems and are self-absorbed.

At age 75, Martha is typical of people her age. She believes that when compared to others of the same age:

help too much.

Caregivers can diminish the independence of the elderly if they:

is demeaning.

Using elderspeak when engaging in conversation with an older adult:

demography.

The study of population numbers is called:

assumes that people over age 64 are dependent.

A problem with the dependency ratio is that it:

80 and up

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?

with a spouse or alone.

In developed nations, the most common living arrangement for people over age 65 is living:

reductions in physical or mental ability

What distinguishes the old-old from the young-old?

many body functions benefit from use.

The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that:

genetic clock.

The notion that DNA regulates the aging process is referred to as the:

number of times cells can divide.

The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the:

drives more slowly

Now that Hank is 75, he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving. For example, he:

poor peripheral vision

For older drivers, which of the variables below is the strongest predictor of a car accident?

stereotype threat.

Delores, age 75, believes her memory is fading with age, and the anxiety this causes her actually diminishes her memory. This is an example of:

source amnesia.

Otto, age 81, just relayed a news story to his friends over coffee, but cannot remember where he heard or read about the tale. Otto has:

inadequate control processes.

A marked decrease in brain processing and memory in some older adults may be attributed to:

their senses decline, reducing the sensory input.

The primary reason older people receive less input into their brains is that:

The honking did not cross his sensory threshold.

Ralph was in a minor car accident in the grocery store parking lot. He backed his car into another car that was also backing out of a parking space. The other driver honked but Ralph didn’t stop. Why not?

decrease; stay the same

The ability to recall a string of digits backward tends to _____________ with age, while memory for vocabulary tends to _________ with age.

temporary storage of information for conscious use.

One function of working memory is:

prefrontal cortex

Control processes depend on which part of the brain?

extensive; limited

Older adults have _________ vocabularies but __________ fluency.

cognitive abilities decline.

For the average individual in late adulthood, traditional tests of intelligence demonstrate that:

universal

The changes of primary aging are:

secondary aging.

Paulo, age 62, has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes. His heart disease is an example of:

slower.

Primary and secondary aging combine to make major body systems:

Lionel’s lifelong responses to stress will create a biological burden.

Lionel has two biomarkers that are well outside the normal range. He has had a life filled with financial and familial stress, and has not always handled it well, though he has never smoked. As he ages, we can expect that:

decreased.

Between 1997 and 2009, the proportion of U.S. elderly with a limitation in activity that interfered with essential functioning:

They become more porous.

What happens to bones with age?

1

Approximately what percentage of people between the ages of 60 and 69 have dementia?

progresses more rapidly.

Vera was diagnosed with Alzheimer disease while in middle age. Her doctor told her family that compared to the kind of Alzheimer disease the develops in old age, this version:

final

In the ______ stage of Alzheimer disease, patients may not eat or talk.

insufficient supply of blood to the brain.

Vascular dementia is caused by:

personality change.

The main symptom of frontal lobe dementias is:

a prescribing cascade.

After seeing a specialist, Jack started taking a medicine for his heart that led to digestive problems. He saw a different doctor for that issue and was prescribed another drug, which led to headaches. Yet another doctor prescribed another drug for his headaches. Jack has just experienced:

social witnesses

Erikson called elders _______________, as they are both aware of changes between generations and have a broad view of the human experience.

put her life into perspective.

Audrey is 85 years old and has begun a life review. Her primary reason for doing this is probably to:

being integrated into the community.

A cultural factor that may increase longevity is:

take antidepressant medication

In a Swedish study, centenarians were found to be less likely to ___________ than octogenarians.