A relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes as a result of practice or experience is called _____. |
learning |
The learning of an association between an environmental stimulus and a behavioral response is known as _____. |
conditioning |
If a mother acts upset and fearful when exposed to a particular ethnic group, it is likely that her child will learn to be upset when exposed to the same ethnic group. This is an example of how prejudice is acquired through _____. |
operant conditioning |
_____ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. |
Classical |
Any stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n) _____. |
unconditioned stimulus |
In Pavlov’s original classical conditioning experiments, the _____ was the neutral stimulus, the _____ was the stimulus that would elicit a reflex, and _____ was the reflexive response. |
bell; meat powder; salivation |
A(n) _____ is an unlearned reaction evoked by a stimulus without any learning. |
unconditioned response |
A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called _____. |
a neutral stimulus |
A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a(n) _____. |
conditioned stimulus |
Ten days in a row Frank felt a static electric shock when he kissed his wife on the living room carpet. Now he feels mildly anxious whenever he approaches his wife to kiss her. In classical conditioning, his wife was a(n) _____ stimulus ten days ago, and has now become a(n) _____ stimulus. |
neutral; conditioned |
Which of the following develops gradually during the course of conditioning? |
B) CS |
A(n) _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings. |
conditioned response |
A Vietnam veteran experiences an intense emotional reaction to a clap of thunder. His emotional response is an example of a(n) _____. |
CR |
Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life? |
D) all of these options |
In John Watson’s demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert, the unconditioned STIMULUS was _____. |
a loud noise |
A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is _____. |
evoked by a previously neutral stimulus |
Wartime propaganda often depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human. This type of propaganda creates _____ toward the enemy. |
a negative conditioned emotional response |
Most phobias are explained by _____. |
classical conditioning |
Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called _____. |
operant conditioning |
Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning. |
operant |
An event that increases the probability that a response will be repeated is called _____. |
reinforcement |
An event that decreases the likelihood that a response will be repeated is called _____. |
punishment |
Generally, classical conditioning is _____; operant conditioning is _____. |
passive; active |
Reinforcement and punishment are defined in terms of _____. |
whether they increase or decrease responses that follow |
Which of the following is an example of Thorndike’s law of effect? |
A teenage driver stops speeding when his father makes him start paying for his own speeding tickets. |
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? |
D) all of these options are correctly matched |
Eli’s grandma gives him a Tootsie Roll every time she visits. After enough times of receiving a Tootsie Roll, Eli’s mouth begins to water when he sees his grandma arriving. In this example of classical conditioning, the Tootsie Roll is the __________________, and the mouthwatering reaction is the __________________________. |
conditioned stimulus; conditioned response |
Your dog is begging for food while you eat dinner. Your Mother gives him a morsel from her plate, and he stops barking. In this situation, your dog has been _____________, and you Mother has been ________________. |
positively reinforced; negatively reinforced |
PSY 2012 – Chapter 6 Quiz
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