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What type of plate boundary is usually associated with pull-apart rift zones? |
A divergent plate boundary |
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The former, late Paleozoic supercontinent is known as __________. |
Pangaea |
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Where in the ocean does oceanic lithosphere sink into the mantle? |
At subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries. |
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Why was Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis rejected? |
Because Wegener could not identify a mechanism capable of moving continents. |
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Which of the following was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea? |
Islands along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with rocks dating back from 542 million to 2500 million years ago. |
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What process is evident at oceanic trenches? |
Sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone. |
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What causes the linear patterns associated with paleomagnetism on either side of mid-oceanic ridges? |
Normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge. |
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A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a(n) __________. |
Hot Spot |
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A transform plate boundary is characterized by __________. |
a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions. |
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Which of the following is an example of an active continent-continent collision? |
The northward movement of India into Eurasia |
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What is the typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean? |
2 Centimeters per year |
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What is the temperature above which magnetite loses its magnetization? |
800°C |
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Which scientist argued forcefully for continental drift in the early part of the 20th century? |
Alfred Wegener |
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Which of the following statements applies to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere? |
A zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage |
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Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere? |
Tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America. |
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What type of boundary occurs along the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific? |
A convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above the northward-subducting Pacific plate |
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Which two scientists proved that a symmetrical magnetic pattern existed in seafloor basalts and related those stripes to spreading at a mid-oceanic ridge? |
Vine and Matthews |
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Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory? |
Earth’s diameter has been essentially constant over time. |
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What evidence did the Deep Sea Drilling Project find about the dates of rocks in the ocean basins? |
The ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger in age. |
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What causes the volcanoes and deep valleys of East Africa? |
A continental rift along parts of the African continent beginning to slowly separate |
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Which of the following properly describes Mount St. Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes? |
They are young, active volcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere. |
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Which of the following is not evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics? |
Shifting plates were caused by changes in the Moon’s orbit. |
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What was the name of the fossil flora that grew on Pangaea during the late Paleozoic? |
Glossopteris |
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What type of region is the modern-day Red Sea? |
A rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate. |
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