|
A gradual change in phenotype over a geographical area is called a |
cline |
|
A major criticism that can be leveled against Johann Blumenbach’s racial typology is that |
his five types did not take into account thousands of years of human evolution. |
|
A person in a hot environment having a red face is the result of vasoconstriction. |
False- cold stress |
|
According to Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules, all of the following are true EXCEPT |
The Inuit in Greenland are tall and long-limbed |
|
For humans, hair loss and sweating are both thermoregulatory adaptations to heat. |
True |
|
Frank Livingstone, a noted physical anthropologist, is famous for having said about human diversity in appearance, "There are no _________; there are only ___________." |
races; clines |
|
Human adaptation occurs at four levels—genetic, developmental, acclimatization, and cultural. |
True |
|
In general, populations living between 0 and 20°N latitude have the darkest skin color. |
False |
|
In the 1700s, _____________ developed a scientific classification of race. |
Blumenblach |
|
Malnutrition leads to shortness |
true |
|
The concept of race began |
during the renaissance |
|
The disease rickets, which affects bone mineralization, results from a deficiency in |
vitamin D |
|
The eruption of the first permanent molar and the completion of brain growth happen during ____________ development. |
childhood |
|
The growth and development of females is more sensitive to stressors in the environment than is the growth and development of males. |
false |
|
The medullary cavities of bone exist in the |
diaphyses |
|
The period of time from about 20 years old to the end of the reproductive years is called |
prime |
|
There is an old adage that "a fat baby is a healthy baby." A critique of this statement might be that |
overnutrition is linked to an increase in diabetes, cholesterol, and blood pressure. |
|
Brain completes growth first |
true |
|
homeothermic |
org. ability to maintain a constant body temperature despite great variation in environmental temperature |
|
vasodilation |
increase in blood vessels diameter due to action of nerve or drug- also occur in response to hot temps. |
|
Bergmanns Rule |
principle that an animals size is heat related; smaller bodies adapt to hot environments and larger bodies adapted to cold |
|
allens rule |
principle that an animals limb lengths are heat-related; limbs are longer in hot and shorter in cold |
|
vasoconstriction |
decrease in blood vessel diameter- cold |
|
hypoxia |
less than usual sea-level amount of oxygen in the air or in the body |
|
basal metabolic requirement |
the minimum amount of energy needed to keep an org. alive |
|
total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) |
number of calories used by an org. body during 24 hr period |
|
Wolffs Law |
principle that bone is placed in the direction of functional demand- bone develops where needed and recedes where it is not needed |
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