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A set of related assumptions from which, by logical deductive reasoning, testable hypotheses can be drawn is |
the definition of theory |
|
Descriptive research |
contributes to expanding a theory. |
|
A theory may be set aside when it |
loses its usefulness. |
|
Part of the internal consistency of a theory is |
a set of operational definitions. |
|
An educated guess that can be scientifically tested is a definition of |
hypothesis |
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A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness. This an example of |
an operational definition |
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Any test that correlates with future behaviors is said to have |
predictive validity |
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Personality theorists have evolved different systems because |
Any or all the above are correct. |
|
The two MOST important functions of a theory are its |
ability to generate research and organize observations. |
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A useful theory should be parsimonious, meaning that it should be |
simple |
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A test that can accurately divide extraverts from introverts is said to have |
discriminant validity. |
|
Which statement is most nearly true? |
A theory can be a practical guide for a psychotherapist. |
|
A useful theory must be falsifiable, which means that |
it must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets. |
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Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis? |
A theory may generate one or more hypotheses. |
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If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion—for example, shyness and inhibition—then that instrument is said to have |
convergent validity |
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What is the relationship between theory and observation? |
There is a mutual and dynamic interaction between them. |
|
The variety of personality theories now is due to |
the different personal and philosophical perspectives that each theorist has of human nature. |
|
The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories. The discipline that deals with these factors is called |
the psychology of science |
|
A taxonomy is best defined as |
a classification system |
|
A reliable test |
yields consistent results |
|
According to the authors of the text, personality theories |
originate from the historical, social, and psychological world of their originators. |
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The ultimate value of any theory depends on its |
usefulness |
|
Psychologists generally agree that personality |
can be explained by several different theories |
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What is the proper place of theory within science? |
Theories are tools used by scientists to give meaning to observations. |
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The word "theory" is most closely associated with |
science |
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The word personality comes from the Latin word "persona," meaning |
theatrical mask |
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The basic data of science are |
Observations |
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Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist’s concept of humanity? |
order versus disorder |
|
Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely |
theories |
|
Personality theorists who adopt a teleological approach generally believe that people’s behavior is a function of |
people’s expectations of future events. |
|
Theories are built primarily on |
scientific observations |
|
a reliable test |
yields consistent results |
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