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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding stress and the lives of college students?
A. It is a period of low stress.
B. It is a period when stress is easily managed.
C. It may be one of the most stressful periods in one’s life.
D. It is a period when stress will have little impact on your sense of wellness.
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It may be one of the most stressful periods in one’s life.
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The term stress refers to
A. an unpleasant situation that disrupts normal activity.
B. situations that can trigger physical and emotional reactions.
C. a physical reaction to fright.
D. any imbalance of homeostasis.
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situations that can trigger physical and emotional reactions.
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Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions are termed
A. stress responses.
B. stressors.
C. unmanaged stress.
D. distress.
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stressors
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Which one of the following is a stressor?
A. bad grade
B. sweaty palms
C. rapid pulse
D. high fever
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A. bad grade
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Which of the following systems are responsible for your body’s physical response to stressors?
A. cardiovascular and respiratory
B. nervous and endocrine
C. digestive and lymph
D. muscular and skeletal
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B. nervous and endocrine
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The branch of the autonomic nervous system that activates when a person is exposed to a stressor is the _______________ nervous system.
A. central
B. somatic
C. parasympathetic
D. sympathetic
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D. sympathetic
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The autonomic nervous system controls all the following EXCEPT the
A. ability to digest food.
B. speed of your heart rate.
C. ability to write.
D. ability to alter your blood pressure.
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C. ability to write.
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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
A. is responsible for mobilizing energy sources for use in a crisis.
B. activates the endocrine system.
C. is in control when one is frightened or angry.
D. aids in digestion and promoting growth.
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C. is in control when one is frightened or angry.
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The system of glands, tissues, and cells that helps control body functions by releasing hormones is the
A. central nervous system.
B. endocrine system.
C. reproductive system.
D. digestive system.
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B. endocrine system.
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During the stress response, the human adrenal glands release
A. adrenocorticotropic hormone.
B. epinephrine.
C. endorphins.
D. norepinephrine
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B. epinephrine.
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During the stress response, which of the following changes occurs throughout the body as a result of the release of epinephrine?
A. Your hearing and vision become more acute.
B. Your heart and breathing rates increase.
C. Your liver releases more sugar into the blood.
D. All of the choices are correct.
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D. All of the choices are correct.
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Which of the following body reactions is characteristic of the stress response?
A. Your pupils constrict.
B. Your heart rate increases.
C. Your digestion speeds up.
D. Your respiration rate decreases.
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B. Your heart rate increases.
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Homeostasis
A. is a state of unmanaged stress.
B. describes the body during the fight-or-flight reaction.
C. is a state of stability in an individual’s functions.
D. is the response of the body to prolonged exposure to stressors
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C. is a state of stability in an individual’s functions.
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The division of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the body as it recovers from exposure to a stressor is the ______ nervous system.
A. central
B. somatic
C. parasympathetic
D. sympathetic
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C. parasympathetic
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Once a stressful situation ends, your parasympathetic nervous system
A. increases heart rate.
B. slows breathing.
C. slows digestion.
D. increases perspiration.
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B. slows breathing.
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All of the following are TRUE regarding the fight-or-flight response, EXCEPT that
A. it is a relatively new human adaptation.
B. it enables our bodies to prepare to quickly escape from an injury.
C. it prepares our bodies to engage in physical battle.
D. it enables our bodies to prepare to quickly escape from an injury and engage in physical battle.
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A. it is a relatively new human adaptation.
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The somatic nervous system manages
A. conscious actions.
B. emotions.
C. the fight-or-flight reaction to a stressor.
D. hormones released in response to a stressor.
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A. conscious actions.
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Which of the following nervous systems manages John’s moves as he participates in a spinning exercise class?
A. autonomic
B. sympathetic
C. parasympathetic
D. somatic
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D. somatic
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The way in which an individual responds to stress is influenced by
A. personality.
B. past experiences.
C. biological predispositions.
D. All of these influence the way an individual responds to stress.
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D. All of these influence the way an individual responds to stress.
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The sum of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies refers to one’s
A. personality.
B. wellness.
C. happiness.
D. ability to succeed in life.
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A. personality.
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Which one of the following characteristics is most closely associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease?
A. hostility
B. excitability
C. lack of purpose
D. procrastination
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A. hostility
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The personality type associated with relaxation and contemplation is
A. Type A.
B. Type B.
C. Type C.
D. Type D.
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B. Type B.
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An individual with a Type C personality is characterized by
A. having a greater tolerance of others.
B. being contemplative.
C. having difficulty expressing emotions.
D. being controlling.
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C. having difficulty expressing emotions.
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A person who suppresses anger and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type C
D. Type D
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C. Type C
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Behavioral responses to stressors are controlled by which division of the nervous system?
A. autonomic
B. sympathetic
C. parasympathetic
D. somatic
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D. somatic
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Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?
A. They view stressors as challenges.
B. They tend to perceive fewer situations as stressful.
C. They tend to believe their lives are controlled by outside factors.
D. They feel at least partly in control of their lives.
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A. They view stressors as challenges.
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An example of a resilient person would be
A. a low-income student graduating from college.
B. a fit person completing a marathon.
C. an intelligent person failing an exam.
D. a person with a disability going undiagnosed.
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A. a low-income student graduating from college.
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According to the American Psychological Association, which percent of adult Americans suffer from stress-related health problems?
A. between 10 and 20 percent
B. between 20 and 30 percent
C. between 40 and 50 percent
D. between 70 and 80 percent
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D. between 70 and 80 percent
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Which of the following is a hormone involved in the regulation of mood and social interaction?
A. insulin
B. oxygen
C. niacin
D. oxytocin
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D. oxytocin
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GAS is an acronym for
A. genetically alleviated stress.
B. growth adjustment of stress.
C. general adaptation syndrome.
D. general acceleration due to stress.
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C. general adaptation syndrome.
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. All stress has a negative impact on physical health.
B. The college years are often one of the most stressful periods of a person’s life.
C. Changes in one’s life are significant stressors.
D. Financial problems are significant stressors.
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A. All stress has a negative impact on physical health.
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Eustress
A. is stress triggered by something pleasant.
B. is much more common than distress.
C. does not trigger the stress response.
D. is a specific type of distress
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A. is stress triggered by something pleasant.
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Mohammed just received an F on his term paper. Which type of stress is he likely to experience?
A. eustress
B. malstress
C. distress
D. unmanaged stress
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C. distress
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Which one of the following is NOT a stage of GAS?
A. alarm
B. acceleration
C. resistance
D. exhaustion
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B. acceleration
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The fight-or-flight reaction occurs during which stage of GAS?
A. alarm
B. resistance
C. exhaustion
D. recovery
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A. alarm
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Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. In which stage of GAS is Tom?
A. alarm
B. acceleration
C. resistance
D. exhaustion
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A. alarm
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During the resistance stage of GAS, the body
A. is in a relaxed state.
B. responds to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
C. readjusts, regulating body systems to establish a new level of homeostasis.
D. can no longer react effectively to normal life situations
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C. readjusts, regulating body systems to establish a new level of homeostasis.
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General exhaustion results when
A. the fight-or-flight reaction is resolved.
B. stress-related hormones are secreted.
C. distress occurs.
D. a stressor persists over a long period of time.
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D. a stressor persists over a long period of time.
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Long-term overexposure to stress hormones
A. has been linked to health problems.
B. raises resistance to disease.
C. disables eustress.
D. enables eustress.
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A. has been linked to health problems.
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The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed
A. eustress.
B. distress.
C. homeostasis.
D. the allostatic load.
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D. the allostatic load.
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interaction among all the following systems, EXCEPT the ______ system.
A. nervous
B. endocrine
C. immune
D. respiratory
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D. respiratory
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Which one of the following has been linked to a high allostatic load?
A. obesity
B. hypertension
C. reduced immune function
D. All of these choices are correct.
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D. All of these choices are correct.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true of a high allostatic load?
A. It is linked with physical wellness.
B. It is linked with hypertension.
C. It is linked with obesity.
D. It is linked with heart disease
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A. It is linked with physical wellness.
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Shauna expects all of the following to happen when she is stressed, EXCEPT
A. an increase in heart rate.
B. dilation of her blood vessels.
C. an increase in blood pressure.
D. an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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B. dilation of her blood vessels.
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Which one of the following has NOT been linked to unmanaged stress?
A. psychological problems
B. premature labor
C. digestive problems
D. glaucoma
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D. glaucoma
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Which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. The accumulation of stress effects across the life span can contribute to brain aging.
B. High levels of chronic stress can cause brain cells to shrink.
C. Moderate stress enhances your ability to retain information.
D. Being a little nervous before an exam will lower your performance.
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D. Being a little nervous before an exam will lower your performance.
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Stress has been found to contribute to which of the following psychological problems?
A. depression
B. post-traumatic stress disorder
C. eating disorders
D. All of the choices are correct.
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D. All of the choices are correct.
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About 90 percent of all headaches are
A. tension headaches.
B. migraines.
C. cluster headaches.
D. sinus headaches.
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A. tension headaches.
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The majority of migraine sufferers are
A. men.
B. women.
C. teenagers.
D. elderly.
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B. women.
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According to your text, which of the following are common sources of stress for most college students?
A. academic demands and time management concerns
B. children and pets
C. laundry and dishes
D. involvement in political causes
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A. academic demands and time management concerns
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Americans rated ______ as their number one source of stress.
A. work
B. money
C. children
D. sexual problems
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A. work
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New technologies can
A. save time.
B. increase stress.
C. reduce stress.
D. have all of the above effects.
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D. have all of the above effects.
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Violent surroundings and intrusive noises are examples of
A. external stressors.
B. social stressors.
C. internal stressors.
D. environmental stressors.
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D. environmental stressors.
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Unrealistic expectations are a type of ______ stressor.
A. interpersonal
B. internal
C. environmental
D. social
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B. internal
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Personality and coping skills can moderate the stressful effects of life changes on health.
B. A strong support network can moderate the stressful effects of life changes on health.
C. Behavior, immune functioning, and mood together can affect the way stress affects health.
D. Acute stress and chronic stress similarly affect the immune system.
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D. Acute stress and chronic stress similarly affect the immune system.
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If you are still emotionally distressed days or weeks after a tragic event,
A. that is normal; give yourself more time.
B. consider sharing your feelings with others.
C. consider seeking professional help.
D. A and B
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D. A and B
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Which of the following would be the LEAST effective strategy for coping with stress?
A. denying the reality of the stress
B. exercising
C. improving time-management skills
D. maintaining a strong social support system
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A. denying the reality of the stress
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?
A. Exercise enhances one’s sense of general well-being.
B. Exercise reduces energy levels.
C. Exercise reduces anxiety levels.
D. Exercise decreases tension.
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C. Exercise reduces anxiety levels.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?
A. A long walk can help increase blood pressure.
B. A brisk 10-minute walk can relax and energize you for up to 10 hours.
C. Three 45-minute walks per week can increase your sense of wellness.
D. A and C
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C. Three 45-minute walks per week can increase your sense of wellness.
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Exercise can
A. increase your blood pressure.
B. release energy mobilized during the stress response.
C. improve your sense of wellness.
D. B and C
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D. B and C
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All of the following occur in non-REM sleep, EXCEPT
A. the release of growth hormone.
B. a drop in heart rate.
C. slower and more even brain waves.
D. the occurrence of dreams.
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D. the occurrence of dreams.
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Peak concentrations of the levels of stress hormones in the bloodstream occur
A. just before dinner.
B. just after lunch.
C. just before bedtime.
D. during the final stages of sleep.
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D. during the final stages of sleep.
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Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Dreams occur during REM sleep.
B. The body is completely still and relaxed during REM.
C. The more sleep you get, the lower your stress levels.
D. An increase in total sleep time causes an increase in the level of stress hormones.
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A. Dreams occur during REM sleep.
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A common time-management stressor is
A. procrastination.
B. list writing.
C. goal setting.
D. overconfidence.
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A. procrastination.
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Which one of the following statements reflects your text’s recommendations regarding the prioritization of tasks?
A. Tasks should be divided into two groups: hard and easy.
B. Tasks should be divided into three groups, and you should ignore the least important group.
C. Some attention should be paid to all tasks, even if it is only a few minutes.
D. Priorities should be based on whether you like performing the task.
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B. Tasks should be divided into three groups, and you should ignore the least important group.
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According to your text, one strategy to improve time-management problems is to
A. avoid asking others for help.
B. do favorite tasks first to build up momentum.
C. make narrow time frames to complete tasks.
D. divide tasks into groups that can be prioritized.
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D. divide tasks into groups that can be prioritized.
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In terms of time-management strategies, which one of the following is NOT considered helpful to improving your efficiency at completing tasks?
A. aiming for realistic goals
B. writing down your goals
C. memorizing your goals
D. allowing more time to achieve your goals than you expect you will need
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C. memorizing your goals
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All of the following are recommended by your text as time-management strategies, EXCEPT
A. setting priorities.
B. breaking down long-term goals into short-term ones.
C. avoiding unstructured time.
D. keeping track of tasks you put off.
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C. avoiding unstructured time.
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Which of the following would NOT be helpful to you in attempting to improve your productivity?
A. Focus on long-term goals only.
B. Visualize achievement of your goals.
C. Delegate responsibility.
D. Say "no" when necessary.
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A. Focus on long-term goals only.
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Because watching television is usually a "time sink" when you are on a deadline, it is wise to
A. limit your television break to 5 to 10 minutes.
B. avoid turning on the television.
C. realize you need a break and watch only a few programs.
D. surf the Internet for a few minutes instead.
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B. avoid turning on the television.
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Which one of the following is a cognitive technique for stress management?
A. progressive relaxation
B. imagery
C. meditation
D. thinking constructively
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D. thinking constructively
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Which one of the following is NOT a cognitive technique for stress management?
A. solving problems
B. setting moderate expectations
C. maintaining positivity
D. using imagery
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D. using imagery
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Philip is attempting to lessen his feelings of stress. Which of the following would NOT be helpful?
A. thinking and acting constructively
B. keeping his expectations at moderate and achievable levels
C. trying to remember as much information as possible
D. cultivating a sense of humor
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C. trying to remember as much information as possible
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Laughter does all of the following EXCEPT
A. aid digestion.
B. increase pulse rate.
C. ease pain.
D. lower blood pressure
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D. lower blood pressure
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Laughter may be the best medicine for stress, because after a good laugh your
A. heart rate is lowered.
B. muscles are relaxed.
C. blood pressure is increased.
D. stress levels return to their pre-laughter level.
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A. heart rate is lowered.
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A helpful behavior in dealing with stressful situations is to
A. keep a mental log of past mistakes and errors as an instant reference.
B. cultivate the ability to laugh at yourself.
C. attempt to fulfill others’ expectations.
D. work hard so that you can play hard.
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B. cultivate the ability to laugh at yourself.
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the relaxation response?
A. Metabolism and oxygen consumption are reduced.
B. Brain waves shift from an alert beta rhythm to a relaxed alpha rhythm.
C. Blood flow to the brain and skin is reduced.
D. You may feel an overall warmth and quiet mental alertness.
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A. Metabolism and oxygen consumption are reduced.
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Progressive relaxation techniques
A. involve tensing and then relaxing muscles in your body.
B. increase your heart rate.
C. involve a lot of imagination and willpower.
D. can be quite complex and difficult to master.
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A. involve tensing and then relaxing muscles in your body.
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE of progressive relaxation?
A. It is based on the use of your imagination and skill at imagery.
B. It requires no willpower or imagination.
C. It increases oxygen consumption to the muscles.
D. It is the only relaxation technique that also permits you to achieve cardiovascular fitness benefits.
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B. It requires no willpower or imagination.
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Progressive relaxation is best described by which one of the following statements?
A. It is a mental exercise to address stress that requires special training.
B. It is a form of cognitive development.
C. It is a process that uses simple tensing and relaxing of muscles.
D. It is an aerobic exercise.
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C. It is a process that uses simple tensing and relaxing of muscles.
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Visualizing yourself performing a task can help improve performance.
B. Imagery can be an aid in changing habits.
C. Imagery can enhance physical performance.
D. Imagery is a cognitive technique designed to change typical patterns of thinking.
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D. Imagery is a cognitive technique designed to change typical patterns of thinking.
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Carey would like to use meditation to help manage the effects of stress. Which of the following is likely to happen as a result of her use of this technique?
A. It will help her tune out the world, temporarily removing sources of stress.
B. It will help her rehearse upcoming events so that stress in her life will be reduced.
C. It will help her to analyze the stressors in her life more effectively.
D. It will help her visualize her tasks in a more efficient way.
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A. It will help her tune out the world, temporarily removing sources of stress.
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A stress management technique that focuses primarily on your breathing pattern is called
A. hatha yoga.
B. deep breathing.
C. t’ai chi ch’uan.
D. laughter.
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A. hatha yoga.
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Which of the following stress management techniques emphasizes the use of breathing, stretching, and balance?
A. meditation
B. hatha yoga
C. visualization
D. progressive relaxation
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B. hatha yoga
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Tai chi can be an effective stress reducer because it
A. teaches students to remain calm and centered.
B. is an excellent cardiovascular workout.
C. aids the student in working against various stressors.
D. is easily self-taught.
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A. teaches students to remain calm and centered.
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All of these are considered counterproductive coping strategies EXCEPT
A. tobacco use.
B. drug abuse.
C. multivitamin use.
D. alcohol use.
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C. multivitamin use.
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Which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. Caffeine is mildly addictive.
B. Caffeine is associated with irritability.
C. Caffeine might cause sleeplessness.
D. Caffeine acts as a sedative.
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D. Caffeine acts as a sedative.
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Approximately ______ of Americans use food as a coping device against stress.
A. 5 percent
B. 25 percent
C. 50 percent
D. 75 percent
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B. 25 percent
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The first step in creating a personal plan for managing stress is to
A. design your plan.
B. identify your stressors.
C. seek professional help.
D. investigate support groups.
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B. identify your stressors.
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