Organic Chemistry 332- Sapling Learning CH 21

Glyceraldehyde is an aldose monosaccharide. The Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde is given below. Draw D-glyceraldehyde using wedge and dash bonds around the chirality center and including ALL hydrogen atoms.

Ribose is an aldose monosaccharide. The Fischer projection of L-ribose is given below. Draw L-ribose using wedge and dash bonds around the chiral carbon atom(s). Note: Switch between an aldose and a ketose by clicking on \"switch carbonyl group.\" Add or delete carbon atoms using the add (\" \") or delete (\"x\") buttons. Clicking on a blue box once adds a hydrogen atom (H). Clicking on a blue box again toggles between OH, blank, and H. Clicking on a line bond in the blue box toggles between wedge, dash, and line bonds. Note the vertical bonds can point in different directions.

Determine whether each of the following carbohydrates is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide.

Fructose is one of three dietary monosaccarides, also known as \"fruit sugar\". It is almost twice as sweet as normal table sugar, sucrose. Answer the following questions (parts a, b, and c) based on the structure of fructose.

Classify the following monosaccharides according to the position of the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

The Fischer projections of some aldopentoses are shown below.

Which structure is the enantiomer of D-arabinose?

What is the name of the enantiomer?

Draw the Fischer projection for the D-2-ketotetrose. Switch between an aldose and a ketose by clicking on \"switch carbonyl group.\" Add or delete carbon atoms using the add (\" \") or delete (\"x\") buttons. Clicking on a blue box once adds a hydrogen atom (H). Clicking on a blue box again toggles between H and OH.

The sugars below can be classified as either aldoses or ketoses. Drag the classification to the empty label box below each structure. Note: If one or more labels are incorrectly placed, a single red X will appear on the top left

A structure of a common monosaccharide is shown to the right.
Identify the name of the monosaccharide
Classify it based on the carbonyl group:
Classify by number of carbons:

Draw the Fischer projection for the enantiomer of D-idose. The Fischer projection of D-idose is shown at the left. Click the blue boxes on the Fischer projection to choose H or OH.

D-glucose undergoes enolization and isomerization in base to produce D-mannose. Complete the mechanism by drawing curved arrows, the enolate intermediate and the D-mannose product. Some parts have been pre-drawn for you. All non-bonding electrons must be shown. Stereochemistry at the chirality centers must be shown by wedges, as shown in the example below.

Given the carbohydrate below, draw the C4 epimer.

Determine if the reaction is an oxidation, reduction, or neither.

Identify the following monosaccharides

Draw the Fischer projection for the monosaccharide drawn as a Haworth projection below

Switch between an aldose and a ketose by clicking on \"switch carbonyl group.\" Add or delete carbon atoms using the add (\" \") or delete (\"x\") buttons. Clicking on a blue box once adds a hydrogen atom (H). Clicking on a blue box again toggles between H and OH.

Which of the following chair conformations is represented by the Haworth projection shown below?

Indicate which Haworth projection corresponds to the β-pyranose form of the Fischer projection below.

Glucose generally exists in ring (cyclic) form. A Haworth projection shows the orientations of the hydroxyl groups and hydrogen atoms on the ring. Draw the α and β forms of glucose by moving the groups (H, OH, or CH2OH) to the appropriate positions.

Analyze the following pair of compounds. Which of the terms explains the relationship between the two compounds? Select all that apply.

Identify the following disaccharides by dragging the names to the boxes under the structures.