Online AM-AZ History Semester 2

What was a result of the Battle of Antietam?

the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation

What describes a step that each former Confederate state had to take to gain readmission to the Union?

ratify the Thirteenth Amendment

Leaders of the Southern states that seceded from the Union were most concerned about which of these problems?

the loss of states’ rights to control their own laws

What was the main impact of the Ku Klux Klan on the South during Reconstruction?

It kept African Americans from exercising their rights

Which of these people or groups wanted to impose the most forgiving conditions on the defeated Confederate states?

President Andrew Johnson

Which group was founded to prevent African Americans from exercising their civil rights?

the Ku Klux Klan

Which Reconstruction plan did President Lincoln favor at the end of the Civil War?

readmitting states when 10 percent of the electorate took a loyalty oath

Which statement best explains why President Lincoln was opposed to the Wade-Davis Bill?

The bill went against his more lenient plans for reuniting the nation.

In what way did President Grant’s approach to Reconstruction differ from that of President Johnson?

He used the military to protect African Americans from violence.

The passage below is an excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment.

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Which statement explains why this amendment was adopted?

to protect the civil rights of African Americans

Which statement describes a common trait of the three Reconstruction Amendments?

They all focused on extending citizenship and protecting civil rights of minority groups.

The cartoon below was published in 1862.
With which of the following lines from a constitutional amendment is this cartoon most directly aligned?

"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude . . . shall exist within the United States."

This passage is from the court’s majority in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896:
We consider the underlying [error] of the plaintiff’s argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.

Based on this passage, what was the court’s opinion about segregation in the United States?

It was allowed as long as the facilities provided to both races were equal.

What was the main effect of the grandfather clauses and literacy tests put in place in the South at the end of the 19th century?

African American voters were disenfranchised.

What was the main effect of the Jim Crow system?

It undermined the civil rights that African Americans had gained during Reconstruction.

Which of the following was one consequence of the system of debt peonage that emerged during the late 19th century?

the migration of African Americans from the South to the North and West

What was the main rationale for the Black Codes passed in the South after the Civil War?

African Americans were an inferior race that did not deserve the same rights and privileges as whites

The map below shows migration routes followed by African Americans after the Civil War. Which of the following is the best explanation for the migration patterns shown on the map?

Emancipated slaves left the South to escape racial discrimination and to seek economic opportunities in the North and West.

Which of these conflicts resulted in a defeat for the U.S. Army?

the Battle of Little Bighorn

What was the main goal of federal Indian policy from the late 1880s through World War II?

Americanizing native peoples

The diagram below shows the sources of conflict between the Sioux Indians and the federal government that led to the Wounded Knee Massacre:
Which phrase best completes the diagram?

violations of treaties with the Sioux

In one well-developed paragraph, explain the consequences of black codes during and following reconstruction.

The black codes were laws during this time. The laws were a way to keep the African Americans from being able to participate in the society. The black codes before reconstruction kept them in a poor working condition. But after reconstruction, the black codes did not help much, as the African Americans were blamed. The African Americans were involved in a low wage situation with debt.

How did monopolies contribute to the economic challenges that farmers faced in the United States in the late 19th century?

Farmers were dependent on industries where high prices were set by companies that had no competition

During the late 19th century, which two organizations had similar political goals?

The Farmers’ Alliance and the Populist Party

The excerpt below comes from a speech given by William Jennings Bryan in 1896:
"Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."

Which statement explains Bryan’s reason for giving this speech?

to convince Americans to support the expansion of the money supply

Which of the following factors contributed to the Homestead Strike (1892)?

cut in wages for steelworkers

The diagram below is a schematic view of the Bessemer converter, invented in 1855:
Which sentence describes the way in which this object was used?

Air is blown into the chamber to convert pig iron to steel.

This illustration from 1906 appeared in several magazines of the time:
The title of this illustration is "The Crusaders" and caricatures journalists as knights, charging into battle. What cause would these "knights" be most likely to crusade for?

social reform

Which invention was in use before the Second Industrial Revolution?

reaper

Which change led to a transition from the First to the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States?

improvements in transportation

Which ideology created fear among business leaders in the United States during the late 19th century and early 20th century?

socialism

What was one important effect of the development of the telegraph?

It increased the speed that news traveled across the United States

Why did business owners in the late 19th century attempt to establish trusts?

to control markets in order to maximize profits

During the mid- to late 19th century, American businesses were primarily interested in doing which of these?

expanding production and consumption within the United States

The image shows a popular invention from the Second Industrial Revolution:
Which inventor was responsible for developing the device shown in this drawing?

Alexander Graham Bell

Which statement describes Lewis Howard Latimer’s contribution to technology?

He helped improve the production of light bulbs

The inventions of Orville and Wilbur Wright contributed to developments in which industry?

transportation

Which factor contributed to the urbanization of the United States during the first half of the 20th century?

the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy

Which of the following was an effect of increased migration to cities during the early 20th century?

an increase in women working outside of the home

Which statement explains why a follower of laissez-faire capitalism would argue that the economy grows when government avoids regulations?

In a free market economy, prices and wages result from natural forces.

Which statement explains why many Irish immigrants who arrived in the United States during the late 19th century settled in large Eastern cities?

Eastern cities had abundant unskilled labor jobs and well-established Irish communities.

With which statement would a nativist during the late 1800s agree?

Immigrants work cheaply, which steals jobs from U.S. citizens and lowers wages for all

Which of the following was a result of the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924?

a sharp decrease in immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe

How did Hull House, established by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr, contribute to American society?

It provided needed social services for poor people.

A member of the Progressive Era Social Gospel movement would agree with which of the following statements?

The gap between rich and poor is too large in America.

Labor organizers and leaders of the Social Gospel movement agreed about which of the following?

the need for child labor laws

What was an important political goal of late 19th century labor leaders?

winning the legal right to bargain collectively and go on strike

Which statement describes a major disagreement between the Knights of Labor (KOL) and the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

The KOL appealed to unskilled workers, while the AFL was limited to skilled workers

Which of the following events damaged public support for the labor union movement during the late 19th century?

the Haymarket Square riot

The political cartoon below was drawn by Thomas Nast in 1871:
What issue does this cartoon address?

the power of political machines

Which location was associated with political machines in the 19th century?

Tammany Hall in New York City

The following quote is from a politician in New York City:
"There’s the biggest kind of a difference between political looters and politicians who make a fortune out of politics by keepin’ their eyes wide open. The looter goes in for himself alone without considerin" his organization or his city. The politician looks after his own interests, the organization’s interests, and the city’s interests all at the same time. See the distinction?" -George Washington Plunkitt, 1905

Based on this quote, Plunkitt most likely supported which of the following?

political machines

Which explains why the National Women’s Party was successful in their suffrage movement?

It used aggressive protest tactics on a countrywide (nationwide) level, instead of state-by-state

This quote is from a progressive reformer in the late 1800s.
"Probably no young matron ever placed her own things in her own house with more pleasure than that with which we first furnished Hull-House."

With which principle is this quote associated?

the settlement movement

The passage below is an excerpt from Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle:
"So spoke an orator upon the platform; and two thousand pairs of eyes were fixed upon him, and two thousand voices were cheering his every sentence. The orator had been the head of the city’s relief bureau in the stockyards, until the sight of misery and corruption had made him sick. He was young, hungry-looking, full of fire; and as he swung his long arms and beat up the crowd, to Jurgis he seemed the very spirit of the revolution. "Organize! Organize! Organize"-that was his cry."

Source: http://college.cengage.com/history/us/resources/students/primary/meat.htm

Public reaction to The Jungle contributed to which of the following government actions?

regulation of the meatpacking industry

Briefly describe some goals for the populist movement.

The populist movement had some goals. For example, they wanted to abolish national banks because they thought they held to much power. Another example is, having a graduated income tax system applied. A huge goal was for the government to control ALL forms of transportation AND communication. Another major goal was, to have more paper money. These were some goals for the populist movement.

President James Monroe and President Theodore Roosevelt shared which of the following foreign policy viewpoints?

Latin America should be a particular region of focus for the United States.

Which of the following U.S. actions characterizes the foreign policy of dollar diplomacy?

refinancing Haiti’s national debt

Which of the following was a U.S. response to the publication of Alfred Thayer Mahan’s book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History?

expansion of the United States navy

Which territorial acquisition was the result of a rebellion supported by the U.S. military?

Hawaii

"I’ve been through one war. I have seen the dead piled up, and I do not want to see another."-President William McKinley, a veteran of the Civil War

McKinley’s remark in 1895 came as a result of pressure for the United States to take what action?

declare war on Spain

Sugar growers in Hawaiian Islands imported a majority of their field workers from what country?

Japan

After the Spanish-American War, the United States supported the independence of which of the following?

Cuba

Which of the following took place in Cuba soon after the end of the Spanish-American War?

The United States leased Guantanamo Bay from Cuba

What policy did the United States adopt toward the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

The United States suppressed a Filipino independence movement in order to retain control of the islands.

The photograph below was taken during construction of the Panama Canal:
What does this photograph demonstrate about the construction of the Panama Canal?

the importance of technology for completion of the project

What enabled the United States to become involved in the construction of the Panama Canal?

The company that was originally constructing the canal could not afford to finish the project.

What was the main motivation for the U.S. to become involved in the completion of the Panama Canal?

The United States would economically benefit from control of the canal zone

When the United States entered World War I, it supported the military efforts of which of these pairs of nations?

Britain and France

The popular 1915 song, "I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier," reflects American support for what principle at that time?

neutrality

What action did the U.S. Congress take as part of the isolationist trend that followed World War I?

It refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations

Which of the following helped the federal government finance its efforts during World War I?

war bonds

Which of the following actions was considered illegal as a result of the Sedition Act of 1918?

making a speech that condemned the war efforts

The image below is a poster distributed by the government during World War I:
What factor made this type of poster a necessity?

the desire to turn U.S. citizens against Germany

Which of these techniques was used extensively during World War I?

trench warfare

Which of the following military tactics was used for the first time in World War I?

poison gas

The use of submarines during World War I had which of these effects?

It made it difficult for merchants to bring supplies to the Allies.

What was the main role of U.S. soldiers who fought in World War I?

launching a major offensive against Germany

Which group included the only U.S. soldiers who were used as reinforcements for Allied units and put under foreign command during World War I?

African Americans

Which group contributed the largest numbers to the U.S. combat units that fought in Europe during World War I

draftees

Which of the following was a byproduct of war propaganda posters in the U.S. during WWI?

increased distrust of German immigrants

Which of the following took place soon after Puerto Ricans were granted U.S. citizenship?

Puerto Rican men were required to sign up for the draft and fight for the U.S.

What resulted from the voluntary military service of thousands of Native Americans during World War I?

Native American veterans gained U.S. citizenship after the war ended.

The Treaty of Versailles placed the blame for World War I on which nation?

Germany

Which statement explains why the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

a rise in isolationist sentiment in the United States

Which quote summarizes President Woodrow Wilson’s approach to the Paris Peace Conference?

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

What factor contributed the most to the Depression of 1920-21?

demobilization

The Depression of 1920-1921 resulted in a sharp increase in which of the following?

the unemployment rate

What was the cause of the brief recession in the United States in 1918 and 1919?

the change from wartime to peacetime production

How did the Dawes Plan increase the stability of European nations?

It provided the opportunity for quicker repayment of debts

Why was the Battle of the Coral Sea significant for the Allies?

It showed the strength of aircraft carriers in battle

Which conference was held to decide how to address the issues arising from the surrender of Nazi Germany?

Potsdam Conference

The quote below was written by Benito Mussolini in 1925:
"Italy wants peace and quiet, work and calm. I will give these things with love if possible and with force if necessary."

Source: http://books.google.com/

This quote is associated with which of the following movements that led to the outbreak of World War II?

the rise of fascism

In the 1930s, what did the United States do to avoid getting involved international affairs?

passed the Neutrality Acts

Franklin Roosevelt was more sympathetic to the Allied cause due to his friendly relationship with which leader?

Churchill

Which action changed the intent of the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935, 1937, and 1939?

passage of the Lend-Lease Act

Which statement explains why the United States did not enter World War II until directly attacked by Japan?

Isolationist sentiment was strong in the United States.

How did President Roosevelt get around the Neutrality Acts after Japan invaded China in 1937?

allowing the transportation of arms to the Chinese on British ships

Which term describes Germany’s systematic approach to eliminate specific groups from Europe?

Final Solution

How did the U.S. government respond to Nazi persecution of the Jews during World War II?

taking little action to aid Jews until World War II was nearly over

Which group was persecuted during the Holocaust for religious and political reasons?

Jehovah’s Witnesses

This photograph was taken in Germany in June 1945:
Based on the image and your knowledge of history, with which post World War II movement would these young people be associated?

the movement to establish a Jewish state in the Middle East

Why did the Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States (1944) anger supporters of civil liberties?

It made the internment of certain American citizens legitimate.

The zoot suit riots in Los Angeles revealed which of the following?

the racial tension between Mexican Americans and mainstream society

The quote below was written during the 1940s:
"The senselessness of all the inactive manpower. . . . [M]en who are able and willing to do all they can to lick the Axis. . . . Why won’t America let us?"

Based on the quote, which conclusion can be made about the United States during World War II?

The government feared that certain groups might work to sabotage and not help U.S. efforts in the war

How did the United States’ entry into World War II affect the American economy?

It decreased unemployment significantly.

This poster was created in the United States in 1942:
What does this poster suggest about life in the United States during World War II?

he American public was not certain who could be trusted during the war

Which statement explains why the Manhattan Project was an important part of the United States’ strategy for winning World War II?

It gave the United States the weapons that forced Japan to surrender without an Allied invasion

The quote below was written in the 1940s:
"There was almost no talk I can remember on our trip back to the base. It was just too much to express in words, I guess. We were all in a kind of state of shock. I think the foremost thing in all our minds was that this thing was going to bring an end to the war and we tried to look at it that way."
-Sergeant Joseph Stiborik, Radar Operator on the Enola Gay

What conclusion can you draw from this statement?

The crew of the Enola Gay believed that the atomic bomb was the best way to force Japan’s surrender.

The statement below was made by Robert H. Shumard, a crewman of the B-29 that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima:

"Nobody actually wants to cause the destruction we caused. But it was through a necessity rather than a wanton type of destruction. It was something that had to be done."

With which principle associated with the Nuremberg Trials would Shumard agree?

A soldier must always follow orders.

The Second Red Scare began soon after which of these events?

the start of the Cold War

During the late-1940s and early-1950s, the term McCarthyism was used to mean what?

accusation of disloyalty with little or no evidence

Which statement explains how the Red Scare of the 1920s and the Red Scare of the 1950s were similar?

During both periods, Congress passed laws restricting the civil liberties of American citizens that met with overall public support.

The quote below comes from a founding statement:
. . . every individual and every organ of society . . . shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction

Source: This quote is from a website referred to in Lesson 6.02.

The writing of this statement was part of the effort to establish the role of which organization?

United Nations

The United Nations was formed in order to do which of the following?

support cooperative efforts to solve international problemS

The Berlin blockade is representative of which of these events?

Cold War

What did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan have in common?

They were both intended to stop the spread of communism in Europe.

This photo shows American military planes at a Berlin airport in 1948:
Which statement explains the controversy surrounding the purpose of the planes?

Breaking the Berlin Blockade would lead to war with the Soviet Union.

How does a hydrogen bomb differ from an atomic bomb?

It is smaller but more powerful

The quote below comes from the director of the weapons testing laboratory in the Soviet Union, the USSR, describing an event in August 1949:
"[W]hen we succeeded in solving this problem, we felt relief, even happiness-for in possessing such a weapon we had removed the possibility of its being used against the USSR with impunity."

Source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX53.html

Which nation did the director fear might use the weapon they had developed against the Soviet Union?

the United States

What was one of the direct results of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

a direct telephone hotline between Washington and Moscow

The Korean War led to conflict over strategies between which two men?

Harry Truman and Douglas MacArthur

Which of the following enabled the United States to establish a permanent military presence on the Asian mainland?

the Korean War

Which statement explains why the United States got involved in the Korean War?

President Truman wanted to stop the spread of communism in Asia

Which of these events focused attention on the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union?

the Cuban Missile Crisis

What effect did the Soviet launch of Sputnik have on the United States?

It led to the creation of NASA

Which statement explains how the creation of the Peace Corps related to the Cold War?

President Kennedy wanted to spread a positive image of the United States throughout the developing world.

This statement was contained in a letter from Nikita Khrushchev to President Kennedy in 1962:
"An act of aggression propelling humankind into the abyss of a world nuclear-missile war."

To what is Khrushchev referring in this statement?

the U.S. naval blockade around Cuba

Which of the following was part of the Geneva Accords that ended French colonial rule in Indochina?

Vietnam was divided into two countries

The graph below shows the escalation of the U.S. military presence in Vietnam:
Which statement explains this rise in the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam during the 1960s?

Despite U.S. efforts, South Vietnam could not prevent a takeover by North Vietnam on its own

The quote below comes from a speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1967:
We were taking the young black men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties, which they had not found in Southwest Georgia and East Harlem. … We have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them in the same schools.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.#Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War

Which statement summarizes King’s feeling about the Vietnam War?

The United States must address inequality at home rather fighting abroad

Which of these provided financial assistance for veterans following World War II?

G.I. Bill

How did passage of the G.I. Bill contribute to the growth of suburbs in the United States?

It gave veterans access to low-cost mortgages.

During the post-World War II economic boom, which group became a new target for advertisers?

teenagers

One of the major factors in economic growth in the 1950s was consumer spending by which group?

teenagers

Which of these was an effect of the counterculture movement in the United States?

protests against the Vietnam War

How did the Vietnam War contribute to passage of the War Powers Act?

It demonstrated to Congress that the president’s control over the use of troops must be limited

Which headline would be most appropriate following President Nixon’s resignation from the presidency?

Ford Attempts to Regain Public Trust

Why did the Allies hold trials in Nuremberg, Germany after World War II?

to punish German war crimes

The text below is an excerpt from a book published in 1963 that was based on surveys taken by the author:
The problem that has no name – which is simply the fact that American women are kept from growing to their full human capacities – is taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health of our country than any known disease.
– Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

The publication of this book contributed to which of the following?

a resurgence of the women’s rights movement

The diagram below shows some of the goals of the National Organization for Women (NOW):
Why would "achieving economic equality for women" complete this diagram?

Women workers had traditionally faced the issue of unequal pay for the same work

The diagram below shows the results of Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs:
Which phrase completes the diagram?

financing for education

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1968 passed so soon after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

The previous legislation did not address housing discrimination

Which Great Society program under Lyndon Johnson was the domestic equivalent John Kennedy’s Peace Corps?

VISTA

Between 1960 and 1964, some white citizens protested with African Americans in the South in nonviolent actions. How did the response of Southerners opposed to integration change toward whites who joined Civil Rights actions at the time?

They became increasingly violent, culminating in assault and murder.

The photograph below shows several African American students holding a sit-in at a diner in North Carolina during the 1960s:
Which civil rights leader would have rejected the students’ approach to fighting for integration?

Stokely Carmichael

Both the Civil Rights movement and the women’s rights movement organized protests to raise public awareness about discrimination against minorities and women. How did the tactics of the Civil Rights movement differ from those of the women’s rights movement?

The Civil Rights movement frequently used direct actions, while the women’s rights movement frequently used symbolic protests.

Which Civil Rights leader became the first African American on the U.S. Supreme Court?

Thurgood Marshall

The table below lists influential members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP):

Influential NAACP Members
W.E.B DuBois
Thurgood MarshallCharles Hamilton Houston
Harry T. Moore
Which Civil Rights leader also belongs on this list?

Roy Wilkins

In what area did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) have its first successes?

winning court battles against public school segregation

This quote comes from Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi:
"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man."

Source: http://www.quotedb.com/quotes/2066

Which Civil Rights leader is identified with the ideas in that statement?

Martin Luther King, Jr

Ratification of which Constitutional amendment was a victory for the Civil Rights movement?

the 24th Amendment’s outlawing of the poll tax

Members of which of these movements shared the goals of the Civil Rights movement concerning legislation to ensure equal rights?

the feminist movement

Which event during the Civil Rights era did the most to focus the attention of white Americans on the struggles of African Americans in the South?

murder of volunteers during Freedom Summer

Why was the issue in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) sometimes called "reverse discrimination"?

Bakke was a white male who had better grades than some minority applicants

What Supreme Court decision is partially defined by argument over the word "choice"?

Roe v. Wade

What issue was debated in the Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case?

busing of students to integrate public schools

This photograph was taken during a protest march in Boston, Massachusetts:
This protest march came about as a result of what Supreme Court decision?

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Which goal was shared by the Red Power and Civil Rights movements?

a reduction in poverty for a minority group

Which statement describes a similarity between the protests of radical feminists and draft protestors?

Both sought to draw on the successful tactics of the Civil Rights movement

What is one similarity between the women’s suffrage movement and the Civil Rights movement?

They both slowly built significant popular support for their goals.