Nutrition – Nutrition During Adulthood

The foundation for a diet that optimizes long-term nutritional health emphasizes all of the following except
a. low-fat dairy products.
b. a variety of fruits and vegetables.
c. lean meats.
d. refined grain breads and cereals.

D. refined grain breads and cereals

Bill wants to eat a health-promoting diet. Which of the following practices would he not want to follow?
a. Balance calorie intake from foods and beverages with nutrient dense.
b. Emphasize vegetables, fruits, legumes (beans), whole grain breads and cereals, and fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products.
c. Consume more than 3-5 alcohol-containing drinks daily.
d. Choose foods that limit the intake of saturated and trans fats.

C. Consume more than 3-5 alcohol-containing drinks daily.

Maggie switches to a health-promoting diet. This potentially will have the most impact on
a. increase risk for heart disease.
b. emotion roller coaster.
c. lower life expectancy.
d. improved quality of life in later years.

D. improved quality of life in later years

A mineral other than calcium that is often deficient in adults’ diets and is linked to bone health, muscle function, mental health, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes is

a. iron.
b. zinc.
c. magnesium.
d. copper.

C. magnesium

What is the major reason that life expectancy has increased during the last 80 years?

a. Increase in exercise
b. Control of infectious disease
c. Improved medical technology
d. Healthier eating habits.
e. All the listed reasons

E. All the listed reasons

Some researchers believe that damage to cells by electron-seeking compounds may contribute to the aging process. Which of the following nutrients does not protect cells from these compounds?

a. Vitamin E
b. Vitamin C
c. Selenium
d. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin K

Maude is losing her sense of taste and smell. Which of the following is true about her situation?
a. She eventually will not be able to smell and taste food.
b. She will need to vary her diet and use more herbs and spices.
c. She will have to learn to accept that food won’t taste any better.
d. Taste and smell do not decrease with aging.

B. She will need to vary her diet and use more herbs and spices

Food habits of older adults may be influenced by all of the following except
a. decreased mobility.
b. poor dentition.
c. decreased taste sensitivity.
d. production of melatonin

D. production of melatonin.

Bud has trouble with his dentures and problems chewing. Which of the following foods would be best to help meet his nutritional needs?

a. Gelatin
b. Bouillon
c. Low-fat yogurt
d. Sirloin steak

C. Low-fat yogurt

Which of the following is true about thirst among the elderly?
a. Diuretics do not affect the elderly person’s fluid requirement.
b. About 4 cups of fluid per day is a good goal for most elderly people.
c. Elderly individuals can easily become dehydrated and this can cause confusion.
d. Elderly people rarely become dehydrated because the sense of thirst is enhanced as people age.

C. Elderly individuals can easily become dehydrated and this can cause confusion.

Mack is constipated. Safe recommendations include all of the following except
a. eat more whole grains.
b. drink more fluid.
c. use mineral oil routinely and liberally.
d. eat 20-30 grams of fiber per day.

C. use mineral oil routinely and liberally.

Edna, at age 75, has found she does not tolerate milk products well. She should do which of the following?
a. Increase her protein intake.
b. Eat more vegetables.
c. Eliminate dairy foods.
d. Try smaller serving size of dairy foods at a meal.

D. Try smaller serving size of dairy foods at a meal.

Alzheimer’s patients are likely to be helped by all of the following except
a. regular physical activity.
b. limiting sun exposure.
c. eating fish two times per week.
d. monitoring food intake toward a healthy diet.

B. limiting sun exposure.

Use of which of the following medications could cause appetite loss in an elderly person?
a. Anticlotting agents
b. Aspirin
c. Antidepressants
d. Diuretics

C. Antidepressants

Long-term aspirin use by an elderly person could increase the need for what nutrient?
a. Iron
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. Thiamin

A. Iron

All of the following can cause apathetic eating and weight loss except
a. becoming less mobile.
b. depression.
c. death of friend.
d. participation in a group meal program.

D. participation in a group meal program

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients as their younger counterparts but less kcalories, they should focus on diet plans that emphasize
a. protein.
b. whole grains.
c. vitamin E.
d. nutrient density.

D. nutrient density

Elderly people should limit alcohol consumption due to all of the following except
a. increased risk of deep depression.
b. decreased ability to metabolize alcohol.
c. they have lower amounts of body water in which to dilute alcohol.
d. they become intoxicated more easily.

A. increased risk of deep depression.

All of the following are practical suggestions for diet planning for singles except

a. buying fruits at various stages of ripeness so they can be eaten fresh daily.
b. buying fruits and vegetables on sale in bulk.
c. buying small containers of food.
d. cooking large amounts of food, dividing it into portions, and freezing it.

B. buying fruits and vegetables on sale in bulk.

Which of the following is true about alcohol consumption by the elderly?
a. Alcohol can interfere with the effect of medication in the body.
b. It is absorbed only in the small intestine.
c. Most of the alcohol is metabolized by the kidney.
d. Alcohol absorption is independent of the amount of stomach contents.

A. Alcohol can interfere with the effect of medication in the body.

For those over 40 years of age, an exercise program should include all of the following except
a. physician clearance.
b. exercise through the pain.
c. stretching.
d. rest periodically.

B. exercise through the pain.

Anya is undergoing treatment for cancer and suffers from nausea and mouth sores, which are hindering her food intake. Which of the following meals would you recommend?
a. Pancakes, a hard boiled egg, and apple juice
b. Spaghetti with meat sauce, garlic bread, and a soft drink
c. Bacon, fried eggs, and orange juice
d. Toasts with jam, a sunny side up egg, and pineapple juice

A. Pancakes, a hard boiled egg, and apple juice

For cancer prevention, which of the following dietary components should be limited?
a. Omega-3 fatty acids
b. Low-fat dairy products
c. Soft cooked vegetables
d. Cured meats

D. Cured meats

The dietary manipulation that is related most significantly to longevity in animal studies is
a. kcalorie restriction.
b. low-fat intake.
c. high carbohydrate intake.
d. protein restriction.

A. kcalorie restriction

Which of the following is true about diet and Alzheimer’s disease?
a. Eliminate intakes of aluminum can prevent it.
b. No effect on eating habits for this condition..
c. Diet can prevent this condition.
d. It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.

D. It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.