NOVA- Hunting the Elements answers

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What is the number of subatomic particles in gold?

protons/electrons – 79 neutrons – 118

Give one property of gold.

doesn’t rust or tarnish

How much gold is in one ton of the mined rock?

one ounce

How much is each truckload of ore worth, once the gold is extracted?

$720,000

What determines how reactive an element is?

how willing it is to share electrons

What are the noble metals

Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, Au

Why is gold so heavy?

it is dense

What is the number of subatomic particles in copper?

protons/electrons – 29 neutrons – 35

List three uses of copper.

pennies, infrastructure, electronics, plumbing

Give one property of copper.

conducts electricity

What alloy does tin make when mixed with copper?

bronze

How are atoms arranged in pure metals?

orderly rows and columns

Why isn’t pure copper used for bells instead of bronze?

it is softer and can be bent; not the same sound

How much would you have to zoom in on a map of the United States to replicate the power of an electron microscope?

100,000,000

Why is the microscope wrapped in acoustic blankets?

absorb and reflect sound

What part of the atom is actually visible under the microscope?

the outermost boundaries of an atom

What do protons determine about an element?

the name of the element

What is the number of protons called?

atomic #

Give an example of a real life object made from calcium.

bone

Give an example of a real life object made from bismuth.

stomach medicine

Give an example of a real life object made from bromine.

soda

What is a family of elements?

elements of similar properties

Where did the noble gases get their name?

don’t like to react to other elements

What do electrons determine?

reactivity

Give the number of atomic particles in chlorine.

protons and electrons – 17 neutrons – 18

Chlorine wants to ________ one electron, becoming an _________.

Chlorine wants to take one electron, becoming an ion.

Why do alkali metals and halogens react so strongly with other elements?

halogens want to lose a valence electron.

What do sodium and chlorine make when combined?

sodium chloride

What state of matter is sodium?

solid

Is sodium reactive or stable?

reactive

Name a practical use for sodium.

artificial rubber

What state of matter is chlorine?

gas

Is chlorine reactive or stable?

reactive

Name a practical use for chlorine.

pool cleaner

What state of matter is sodium chloride?

solid

Is sodium chloride reactive or stable?

stable

Name a practical use for sodium chloride.

salt

What is ANFO?

Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil

What do each of the spikes on the ion chromatograph represent?

different elements in different locations

This is the chemical reaction of the ANFO explosion. Explain what happens during this reaction to release so much heat energy.

C+NH4NO3->H20+N2+O2

A big explosion occurs, destroying the chemical bonds. Basically, the heat destroys the chemical bonds.

Write the chemical equation for the burning candle.

C+O

Write the chemical equation for the formation of rust.

Fe+O

Compare the speed and explosive force of gunpowder, emulsion-gel, and C4. Which is the fastest? Explain why.

gunpowder: fast, least explosive emulsion-gel: high explosive, very fast C4: very high explosive, blistering fast

List the six most common elements of life

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus,sulfur

What common object contains carbon, and name an important property?

charcoal; can bond to itself

What common object contains hydrogen, and name an important property?

water; lightest atom in universe

What common object contains nitrogen, and name an important property?

fertilizer; plant food

What common object contains oxygen, and name an important property?

water; fuels fire

What common object contains phosphorus, and name an important property?

matches; ATP

What common object contains sulfur, and name an important property?

tire; smells, used in tires

What can happen when excessive trace elements are lost from the body?

sweating, hair loss

Describe a body function or part that utilizes calcium?

bones, muscle contractions

Describe a body function or part that utilizes iron?

blood, hemoglobin

Describe a body function or part that utilizes potassium?

cramping

Describe a body function or part that utilizes zinc?

energy metabolism

Describe a body function or part that utilizes magnesium?

energy metabolism

Describe a body function or part that utilizes sodium?

nervous system

What three conditions did the earliest bacteria need for energy production?

hot water, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, iron

What do cyanobacteria use for energy production? What do they release as waste?

use of CO2 for energy and release oxygen

In the core sample collected from Yellowstone, which layer is the cyanobacteria?

the greenish layer on top

What is the origin of hydrogen, the smallest element?

the Big Bang

Describe the process of fusion and how it produces helium.

it fuses two hydrogen atoms to make a helium atom

What happens when a star runs low on hydrogen fuel?

it makes larger elements up to iron

What is created in supernova explosion?

elements are heavier than iron

What elements is sand made of?

silicon and oxygen

What is added to Gorilla Glass to make it stronger than normal glass?

metal atoms

Where do most of the rare earth elements come from?

China

How are the fifteen rare elements chemically similar?

look alike, have same valence electrons

What elements are rare earth magnets usually made of?

neodinium, boron, iron

Why are rare earth elements in such short supply?

hard to separate

How do sharks react to rare earth metals?

they do not like it and swim away; it repels sharks

Describe the following parts of the lemon shark experiment:

Independent variable – elements dependent variable – shark’s reaction experimental group – samarium control group – the tuna with lead

What is the difference between the compositions of these carbon isotopes?
Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

All three have 6 protons/electrons. Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, carbon-13 has 7 neutrons, carbon-14 has 8 neutrons.

What happens to Carbon-14 over time?

its atoms begin to break down

Define radioactive half-life.

the time it takes for carbon-14 to decay

Based on carbon dating, how long ago did the tree die

150 years ago

Give the number of subatomic particles in uranium.

protons/electrons – 92 neutrons – 146

How is the mousetrap simulation similar to a fission chain reaction?

the mousetraps are uranium atoms while the ping pong balls are neutrons

What element was used as fuel for the "Little Boy" bomb?

uranium – 235

What element was used as fuel for the "Fat Man" bomb?

plutonium

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