Music Appreciation contemporary-jazz period

One of the greatest of all jazz improvisers and towering figure among bebop musicians was the saxophonist

Charlie Parker

The Jazz style called swing flourished in America from

1935-1945.

The most important elements in Anton Webern’s are texture, tone color, and

dynamics

Charles Ive’s father was a(n)

bandmaster

Early rock grew mainly out of _____, a dance of African Americans that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles.

rhythm and blues

Songs in musical comedies are usually in _____form.

32-bar AABA

A variety show with songs, comedy, juggling, arcobats, and animal acts, but no plot, is called

Vaudeville

The "king of swing" is generally acknowledged to have been

Benny Goodman

The composer, conductor, and pianist who began his spectacular career as substitute conductor of the New York Philharmonic on only a few hour’s notice was

Leonard Bernstein.

One of the leading figures in the history of jazz, and the composer of such compositions as Black, Brown, and Beige, Sophisticated Lady, and Harlem Air Shaft, is

Duke Ellington

Ostinato refers to a

motive of phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section

Charles Ive’s contains elements of

hymns, ragtime, village bands, barn songs, patriotic songs, and church choirs

The typical swing band had about fifteen musicians, grouped into three sections:

Saxophones, brasses, and rhythm.

The introductory section of a musical comedy song is called the

Verse

Many of Debussy’s songs are set to poems by the symbolist poet

Paul Verlaine

The ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called a

Series, tone row, and set.

The poetic and musical form of blues was popularized around 1910 through the publication of Memphis Blues and St. Louis Blues composed by

William C. Handy.

The rhythm section of a jazz ensemble usually does not include the

vibraphone

The most famous blues singer of the 1920’s, known as the "empress of the blues" was

Bessie Smith

The rhythm section of a swing band normally consisted of

piano, percussion, guitar, and bass

In contrast to opera, the American musical tends to

contain more spoken dialogue, use simpler melodies and harmonies, use simpler forms

Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n)

grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as a bolts, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper, and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys

A scale made of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is a ____ scale.

WHOLE-TONE

John Cage’s best-known work for prepared piano, and one of his most widely performed works, is

Sonatas and Interludes

Rock has been defined as

vocal music with a hard driving beat often featuring electric guitar accompaniment and heavily amplified sound

A method of singing used by males to reach notes higher than their normal range is called

Falsetto

Bebop differed from earlier jazz forms in that it

Was meant for attentive listening, not dancing.

The major center of jazz from about 1900 to 1917 was

New Orleans

The harmonic progressions of rock are usually

Quite simple.

Short repeated melodic phrases frequently used during the swing era are called

Riffs.

The dominant dance of the 1970’s was

Disco

New Orleans style Dixieland flourished in the United States

from 1900 to 1917

Applachian Spring originated as a

ballet score

The "king of ragtime" is acknowledged to be

Scott Joplin

Bebop, as a musical style, developed in the

Early 1940s.

Serialism is a compositional technique in which

a series of rhythms, dynamics, or tone colors serve as a unifying idea

Vaudeville is

a variety show with songs, comedy, juggling, acrobatics, and animal acts without a plot

During most of his lifetime, Ive’s musical compositions

accumulated in the barn of his Connecticut farm

American jazz, with its syncopated rhythms and improvisational quality, had an influence on

Igor Stravinsky, Cluade Debussy, Aaron Copland, and George Gershwin

Duke Ellington was an important figure in

Swing.

Skravinsky’s life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet,

Sergei Diaghilev

Impressionism as a movement originated in

France

A piano is often used in twentieth- century orchestral music to

add a percussive edge

Bela Bartok’s principal performing medium was

The piano.

Ragtime is

a style of composed piano music, performed at a moderate march tempo, generally in duple meter (all of the above)

Rock is based on a powerful beat in quadruple meter with strong accents on _____ of each bar.

second and fourth beats

A typical rock group consists of

Two electric guitars, electric bass, percussion and electric keyboard

Generally, music comedy is in ___ act(s).

two

The glissando, a technique widely used in the twentieth century, is

A rapid slide up or down a scale.

Aaron Copeland was born in

Brooklyn, New York

Schoenberg’s personality inspired and loyalty among his students, including Alban Berg and

Anton Weburn

William Grant Still’s opera dealing with the Haitian slave rebellion is

Troubled Island

Expressionist music stresses

fragmentation, harsh dissonance, and unusual instrumental effects

The best-known American ensemble created in the 1930s by a radio network to broadcast live music was the

NBC Symphony Orchestra

The typical form of a swing composition is

32-bar AABA

Ragtime flourished in the United States

from the 1890s to about 1915

Neoclassical compositions are characterized by

forms and stylistic features of earlier periods

Igor Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring is scored for

an enormous orchestra

Blues music is usually written in ____ time.

4/4

Rhapsody in Blue opens with

a solo clarinet

Minimalist music is characterized by

a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns

A dramatic turning point in Debussy’s career came in 1902 when

his opera Pelleas et Melisande was premiered

A type of basic rock popular in the 1980s characterized by sexually explicit lyrics, bizarre costumes, and tremendous volume, is known as

heavy metal

Scat singing, which Louis Armstrong introduced into jazz, is

vocalization of a melodic line with nonsense syllables

The main section of musical comedy song is called the

chorus

Bartok’s _______ are widely thought to be the finest since those of Ludwig van Beethovan

string quartets

The expressionist movement was largely centered in

Germany and Austria

Harlem Renaissance was the name

sometimes given to a flowering of African American culture during the years 1917 – 1935

Leonard Bernstein was a well-known

author-lecturer, conductor, and composer of orchestal and vocal works

The empress of the blues was

Bessie Smith

The melodic instruments, or cornet, clarinet, and trombone, of a Dixieland band were known as the

front line

Porgy and Bess is an

opera

The front line of a Dixieland group included

cornet, clarinet, and trombone

William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan were the writers of

The Mikado

Duke Ellington was perhaps the most important composer, arranger, and conductor of the ____ era.

Swing

The backbone of a jazz ensemble is its

rhythm section

Minimalism as an artistic movement was a

reaction against the complexity of serialism and the randomness of chance music

Schoeberg’s teacher was

himself

Two notable blues compositions are Memphis Blues and St. Louis Blues, by

William C. Handy

One of the most important solo instruments of the swing era was the

saxophone

The Mikado, widely performed in the United States around the turn of the century, was written by

W.S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan

A golden era of American musical theater was created from about

1920 – 1960

The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menotti’s

Amahl and the Night Visitors

George Gershwin grew up in

New York, New York

Bela Bartok was a leading authority on _____ music

peasant

An African American dance music that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles known as

rhythm and blues

William Grant Still

played the violin in the university string quartet while a college student

In jazz, each statement of the basic harmonic pattern or melody is called a

chorus

Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called

Sprechstimme

A kind of rhythmic talking accompanied by a sick jockey who manipulates recordings on tow turntables to create a collage of rhythmic effects is known as

rap

Claude Debussy’s most famous orchestral work was inspired by a poem by

Stephane Mallarme

A style of rock music that sprang from the political and concerns in the West Indies is called

reggae

The Gershwin song that became a tremendous hit in 1920 was

Swanee

William Grant Still’s Afro-American Symphony

uses a blue theme in the first movement which reappears as a unifying thread in various transformations in the tree later movements

The Beatles’s recording _____ can be considered a unified song cycle

Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

The Beatles’s influence on American rock music may be seen through later performer’s use of

new electronic and instrumental sounds, unconventional chord progressions, and classical and nonwestern instruments

Igor Stravinsky dramatically changed his style in the 1950s to favor

the twelve-tone system

George Gershwin’s first piano teacher was

himself

In 1921 Aaron Copland began a three-year period of study in

France

The leading figures in the free jazz movement were

John Coltrane and Ornette Coleman

Cool jazz emerged

during the late 1940s and early 50s.