Modules 54, 55, 56- Therapy, Psychotherapy, Biomedical therapy (MOSTLY 54)

Psychological disorders that can be overcome with techniques such as counterconditioning are most likely to be treated with

Psychotherapy

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called

Biomedical therapy

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques.

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne’s therapeutic approach would best be described as

Eclectic

The first psychological therapy was introduced by

Sigmund Freud

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

Psychoanalysis

Which of the following approaches to therapy would most likely involve efforts to understand an adult’s psychological disorder by exploring that person’s childhood experiences?

Psychoanalysis

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is

Free association

A psychoanalyst who notes the supposed meaning of a patient’s dream in order to provide the patient with new insight is engaging in

Interpretation

An important component of psychoanalysis is

Dream analysis

Transference refers to a client’s

expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of

Transference

Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven?

Psychoanalysis

Helping patients gain perspective on feelings they seem to be defending against is a major goal of

Psychodynamic therapy

Psychodynamic therapy techniques involve efforts to understand patients’ current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

Interpersonal relationships

Nate’s past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate to gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a practitioner of

Psychodynamic therapy

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends?

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Unlike psychodynamic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.

Present; past

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.

Instead of focusing on unconscious thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions.

Humanistic

Client-centered therapy was developed by

Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers encouraged therapists to foster client growth by exhibiting

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients’ discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

Client-centered therapy

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ________ during the process of therapy.

genuinely express their own true feelings

Empathic understanding of the patient’s subjective experiences is a major goal of

Client-centered therapy

Echoing, restating, and clarifying what a client expresses is most central to the process of

Active listening

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

Active listening

When Murli told his therapist, ìI came to see what you could do for me,î the therapist responded, ìIt sounds like you’re feeling you need some help. Am I right?î The therapist’s response illustrates the technique of

Active listening

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

unconditional positive regard.

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by

Behavior therapies

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

Behavior therapies

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

Conditioned responses

To reduce a patient’s fear of certain medical procedures, a therapist repeatedly paired the sight of a hypodermic needle that triggered a learned fear response with the taste of chocolate that triggered an unlearned sense of pleasure. The therapist was most clearly using a technique involving

Classical conditioning

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of

Behavior therapy

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

Counterconditioning

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are

aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.

Benny’s mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother’s strategy best illustrates

Counterconditioning

According to Mary Cover Jones, 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

Exposure therapies

Reducing patients’ anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to

Exposure therapies

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?

Systematic desensitization

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.

counterconditioning; behavior therapy

Systematic desensitization involves

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that _____ in fear-provoking situations can gradually eliminate anxiety.

Relaxation

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.

Progressive

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist’s technique best illustrates the process of

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques has been used to help people overcome a fear of flying?

virtual reality exposure therapy

Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response, whereas ________ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response.

Aversive conditioning

In treating alcohol use disorder, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as

Aversive conditioning

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she starts to smoke a cigarette. The therapist is using

Aversive conditioning

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.

Behavior modification

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of

Behavior modification

Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To help her become more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of

A token economy

The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn’t respect human freedom. This criticism is most likely to be directed at

A token economy

The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to

Cognitive therapies

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?

Cognitive therapy

Cognitive therapies would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to

stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control.

Several years after his wife’s death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler’s depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife’s death. The therapist’s approach is most representative of

Cognitive therapy

The relentless rehearsal of overgeneralized, self-blaming thoughts by depressed clients is called

Catastrophizing

Training people to actively dispute their own self-defeating ideas best illustrates

Cognitive therapy

Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to

replace negative self-talk with more positive comments.

Athletic instruction that teaches swimmers to think high elbow during swimming competitions best illustrates the application of ________ therapy techniques to sports training programs.

Cognitive

Which form of therapy most directly encourages clients to question their reasoning, decatastrophize their thinking, and reattribute responsibility for past outcomes?

Cognitive therapy

A therapist may encourage a client to change from thinking I totally failed my exercise training program to I fell short of some training goals but I can make some specific changes in my schedule to succeed next time. This technique is used in

Cognitive therapy

An integrative therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Melanie’s therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, she should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her 5-year-old son. This suggestion best illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy.