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The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are
a. Type 1 only.
b. Type 1 and Type 4.
c. Type 4 only
d. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3
e. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.
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d. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3
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Atophy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category
a. Type 1 only.
b. Type 1 and Type 4.
c. Type 4 only
d. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3
e. Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.
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a. Type 1 only.
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All of the following are involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity, exept
a. IgM
b. IgG
c. IgE
d. complement
e. foreign cells
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c. IgE
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Human blood types involve all the following, except
a. MHC genes
b. ABO antigen markers
c. inheritance of two of three possible alleles
d. genetically determined glycoprotein markers.
e. genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.
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a. MHC genes
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The serum of a person with blood type A, Rh will have which of the following?
a. anti A, anti Rh
b. anti B, anti Rh
c. anti A
d. anti B
e. anti A, anti B, anti Rh
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d. anti B
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A person with O type blood
a. lacks antibodies to A and B blood types
b. lacks A and B antigens
c. Could not have the Rh factor
d. is called a universal recipient
e. all of the choices are correct
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b. lacks A and B antigens
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A person who anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood type
a. A.
b. B.
c. AB
d. O.
e. Rh
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d. O.
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Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause
a. reciepent antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBC’s
b. fever and anemia
c. systemic shock and kidney failure.
d. massive hemolysis of the donor RBC’s
e. All of the choices are correct
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e. All of the choices are correct
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A female who is Rh+
a. inherited two recessive genes.
b. is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status
c. is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. can only have the Rh positive baby.
e. All of the chocies are correct
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e. All of the chocies are correct
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The potential of hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when
a. maternal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- fetus
b. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother
c. maternal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ fetus
d. fetal Rh- cells enter and Rh+ mother
e. fetal Rh+ ce;;s enter and Rh+ mother
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b. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother
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Erthyoblastosis fetalis can be prevented by
a. injecting the mother with antibodies against th Rh factor late in the pregnancy and after giving birth.
b. treating the fetus with immune globulin
c. birth by cesarean section
d. treating the mother with RhoGAM early in the pregnancy
e. None of the choices are correct
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a. injecting the mother with antibodies against th Rh factor late in the pregnancy and after giving birth.
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Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?
a. ingestant
b. inhalant
c. injectant
d. Contactant
e. none of the choices are correct
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c. injectant
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Mold spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?
a. ingestant
b. inhalant
c. injectant
d. Contactant
e. none of the choices are correct
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b. inhalant
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The initial encounter with an allergen is called the
a. sensitizing dose
b. provactive dose
c. allergic dose
d. hypersensitivity dose
e. desensitizing dose
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a. sensitizing dose
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What will be the immediate action of allergen when it enters the body for a second time?
a. degranulation
b. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
c. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
d. histamine acts on smooth muscle
e. prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increase vascular pereability
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b. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
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Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?
a. degranulation
b. binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
c. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
d. histamine acts on smooth muscle
e. prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increase vascular pereability
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a. degranulation
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Which of the following is inccorrect about the role of mast cells and basophils in allergies?
a. They degranulate when triggered by a specific allergen through the IgE bound to them
b. they carry high numbers of cell receptors that bind to IgE antibodies
c. They cytoplasmic secretory vesicles contain physiologically active cytokines
d. they are found mainly in the lymph nodes
e. none of the above is incorrect
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d. they are found mainly in the lymph nodes
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Which of the following is not a possible symptom of Type I hypersensitivity?
a. rhinitis
b. rashes
c. sneezing
d. diarrhea
e. contact dermatitis
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e. contact dermatitis
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Which is mismatched?
a. food allergy- type I hypersensitivity
b. Poison Ivy dermatitis- type 4 hypersensitivity
c. Serum sickness- type 3 hypersensitivity
d. Transfusion reaction- type 2 hypersensitivity
e. hay fever- type 4 hypersensitivity
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e. hay fever- type 4 hypersensitivity
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Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an
a. autoimmune disease
b. immunodeficiency
c. hypersensitivity
d. transfussion reaction
e. desenesitization
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c. hypersensitivity
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Histamine causes all the following, except
a. increased sensitivity to light
b. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine
c. relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
d. wheal and flare reaction in skin
e. pruritis and headache
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a. increased sensitivity to light
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The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vacular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is
a. prostaglandin
b. histamine
c. leukotriene
d. serotonin
e. platelet-activating factor
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c. leukotriene
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All of the following are associated with IgE- and mast cell-mediated allergy, except
a. drug allergy
b. eczema
c. anaphylaxis
d. allergic asthma
e. systemic lupus erthematosus
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e. systemic lupus erthematosus
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Epinephrine
a. is an antihistamine
b. reverses constriction of airways
c. causes desensitization
d. inhibits the activity of lymphoctyes
e. all of the choices are correct
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b. reverses constriction of airways
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Treatment for agammaglobullnemia is
a. frequent transfusions of Rh+ blood
b. passive immunotherapy and continuous antibiotic therapy
c. bone marrow transplant.
d. allografts of skin
e. continuous immunosuppressive therapy.
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b. passive immunotherapy and continuous antibiotic therapy
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Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing
a. desensitization
b. sensitization
c. tissue matching
d. degranulation
e. none of the choices are correct
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a. desensitization
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Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in basement membranes occur in
a. serum sickness
b. delayed hypersensitivity
c. anaphylaxis
d. hemolytic disease of the newborn
e. all of the choices are correct
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a. serum sickness
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Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. myasthenia gravis
c. Graves’ disease.
d. tuberculin reaction
e. multiple sclerosis
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d. tuberculin reaction
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Contact dermatitis involves
a. a sensitizing and provactive dose
b. allergen entering the skin
c. T lymphocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines
d. itchy papules and blisters
e. All of the choices are correct
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e. All of the choices are correct
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When grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes, what could result?
a. host rejection of graft
b. Graft versus host disease
c. formation of autoantibodies
d. Hypogammaglobulinemia
e. None of the choices are correct
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b. Graft versus host disease
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This can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B cell survival and maturity
a. host rejection of graft
b. graft versus host disease
c. formation of autoantibodies
d. hypogammaglobulinemia
e. None of the choices are correct
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d. hypogammaglobulinemia
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The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of
a. autoantibodies
b. delayed hypersensitivity
c. congenital absense or immaturity of thymus gland
d. failure of B cell development and maturity
e. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.
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c. congenital absense or immaturity of thymus gland
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Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDS) are due to
a. autoantibodies
b. delayed hypersensitivity
c. congential absence or immaturity of the thymus gland
d. failure of B cell development and maturity
e. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
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e. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
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A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is
a. AIDS
b. adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
c. DiGeorge syndrome
d. agammaglobulinemia
e. Type I diabetes
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a. AIDS
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All of the following operate in surveillance and destruction of tumor cells, except
a. macrophages
b. B cells
c. natural killer cells
d. cytotoxic T cells
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b. B cells
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Which of the following can cause secondary acquired immunodeficiencies in T cells and B cells?
a. Radiation
b. Chemotherapy
c. Organic disease
d. Infection
e. All of the choices are correct
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e. All of the choices are correct
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Which is incorrect about DiGeorge syndrome?
a. it is a severe deficiency of T cells.
b. Sometimes, it is associated with a deletion in chromosome 22.
c. common childhood diseases can be fatal in affected children.
d. the major therapy is a bone marrow transplant
e. symptoms include reduced growth and unusual facial characteristcs
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d. the major therapy is a bone marrow transplant
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Jose needs a kidney due to his diabetes. His sister is a close match and is willing to give him one of hers. What type of transplant is this?
a. allograft
b. xenograft
c. autograft
d. heterograft
e. None of the choices are correct
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a. allograft
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A xenograft is a tissue exchange
a. between identical twins
b. between siblings.
c. from one site on the body to another
d. between individuals of different species
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d. between individuals of different species
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What is the Arthus reaction?
a. an automimmone disorder.
b. an acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site.
c. a positive tuberculosis skin test
d. the lysis of RBC due to complement during an incorrect blood transfusion.
e. The name given to skin wheals that occur during an allergy skin test
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b. an acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site.
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Which of the following is mismatched?
a. Ingestant- nuts
b. inhalant- bee
c. injectant- vaccine
d. contactant- rubber
e. ingestant- food additive
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b. inhalant- bee
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Which cells play the greatest role in allergic symptoms?
a. T cells
b. monocytes
c. plasma cells
d. mast cells
e. eosinophils
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d. mast cells
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Which of these chemicals is a powerful inflammatory agent that also stimulates uterine contractions?
a. Bradykinin
b. Platelet-activating factor
c. Prostaglandins
d. Leukotrien
e. Histamine
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c. Prostaglandins
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All of the following are correct about Type O blood, except
a. persons with this type of blood are considered universal donors
b. persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC
c. A persons with this type of blood have Anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma
d. this is the most blood type among all rracist groups in the U.S.
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b. persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC
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All ofo the following are examples of autoimmune diseases, except
a. multiple sclerosis
b. Graves disease
c. Hashimoto thyroiditis
d. myasthenia gravis
e. Woslptt-Aldrich syndrome
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e. Woslptt-Aldrich syndrome
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The heart of baboon transplanted to a human would be a
a. xenograft
b. autograft
c. allograft
d. heterograft
e. homograft
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a. xenograft
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All of the following cells particpate in immune surveillance, except
a. macrophages.
b. natural killer cells
c. cytotoxic T cells
d. plasma cells
e. all of the chocies particpate
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d. plasma cells
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Which of the following does not belong with transformed cancer cells?
a. oncogenic viruses
b. increased rate of growth
c. chromosomal alterations
d. capacity for limited division
e. changed surface molecules
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d. capacity for limited division
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The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection
True
False
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False
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During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on grafted cells.
True
False
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True
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The allergen in poison ivy plants is oil called urushiol.
True
False
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True
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The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.
True
False
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False
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After a bone marrow transplant, the recipients blood type may change to the blood type of the donor.
True
False
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True
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The practice of delaying the introduction of solid foods has no validity in preventing allergies in children.
True
False
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False
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In an isograft, tissue from an identical twin is used.
True
False
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True
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Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.
True
False
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True
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Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.
True
False
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False
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Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.
True
False
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True
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A person who is Rh negative will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.
True
False
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False
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Cancer cells can literally not displace normal blood cells and bone marrow.
True
False
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False
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