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Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls? |
Bacterial Endospores |
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The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores on inanimate objects is |
Sterilization |
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The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce microorganisms and debris to safe levels is |
Sanitation |
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Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is |
Degermination |
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The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are |
Vegetative bacteria and fungi |
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The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed |
Antisepsis |
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The alcohol wipe before an injection is an example of |
Degerming |
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Surfactants work by |
Disrupting membrane integrity |
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Some microbial control agents are able to _____ cell proteins by breaking bonds that maintain the native state, three-dimensional configuration of the proteins. |
Denature |
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Which of the following does not affect microbial nucleic acids? |
moist heat |
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Dry heat |
Is less efficient than moist heat |
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Disinfection of beverages such as apple juice, milk and wine is optimally achieved by |
Pasteurization |
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Placing organisms at 4o C is |
Bacteriostatic |
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_____ heat is more rapidly effective and efficient compared to _____ heat. |
Moist, dry |
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What instrument is most effective for pressure-temperature sterilization? |
Autoclave |
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Intermittent sterilization, which uses three days of lower temperature steam for short periods of time is also called |
Tyndallization |
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Removal of moisture by dehydration is called |
Desiccation |
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_____ radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA that then leads to the formation of pyrimidine dimers. |
Ultraviolet |
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Place the following forms of radiation in order from the most penetrating to the least penetrating |
Gamma, X-rays, Cathode |
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_____ is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing them. |
Filtration |
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Which of the following is not a factor that affects germicidal activity? |
All of these are factors |
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Iodophors include |
Betadine |
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The compound that is an organic base containing chlorine and two phenolic rings and is used increasingly for wound degerming, neonatal washes, hand scrubbing and prepping surgical skin sites is |
Chlorhexidine |
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The chemical agent that produces highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals and also decomposes to O2 gas is |
Hydrogen peroxide |
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The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens is |
Disinfection |
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Which of the following factors will influence the action of microbial agents? |
All of these will influence the action |
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Microbial death occurs when there is |
No reproduction |
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Each of the following is the target of antimicrobial agents except |
Cytoplasm |
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Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all the following except |
Hydrogen peroxide |
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Sterilization is achieved by |
Steam autoclave |
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The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the |
Thermal death time (TDT) |
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The lowest temperature needed to kill all microbes in 10 minutes is the |
Thermal death point (TDP) |
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Which of the following is not a primary target of milk pasteurization? |
Lactobacilli |
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_____ solution was introduced in the late nineteenth century for preventing gonococcal infections in a newborn’s eyes after exposure to the mother’s infected birth canal. |
Silver nitrate |
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Antimicrobial agents can target the cell wall by: |
All of these |
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The sterilizing gas used in chemiclaves is |
Ethylene oxide |
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In lab inoculating loops are sterilized using: |
Incineration |
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All of the following are alkylating control agents except |
Glutaraldehyde |
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