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Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell? |
glucose |
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Which energy-rich molecule directly powers cell work? |
ATP |
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How does a competitive inhibitor slow enzyme catalysis? |
They compete with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site. |
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What enables competitive inhibitors to bind to a specific enzyme? |
Competitive inhibitors have structures that resemble the enzyme’s substrate. |
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If high amounts of sulfanilamide are in the presence of an enzyme whose substrate is PABA, what outcome is expected? |
The enzyme will stop functioning. |
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Which of the following statements regarding competitive inhibitors is true? |
Competitive inhibitors decrease the rate of enzyme activity. |
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How does a noncompetitive inhibitor reduce an enzyme’s activity? |
The inhibitor binds to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, changing the shape of the active site. |
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What would be the likely outcome if you increased the concentration of substrate for an enzyme in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor? |
No change in enzyme activity would be observed. |
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How is nevirapine used to treat HIV infections? |
It alters the active site of reverse transcriptase, decreasing that enzyme’s activity. |
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Which of the following statements about fermentation is true? |
It is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state. |
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What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation? |
It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+. |
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What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation? |
It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. |
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Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation? |
Lactic acid and propionic acid |
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What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation? |
Acetaldehyde |
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Lipases break down |
lipids. |
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The Pentose Phosphate Pathway |
is an example of anabolism. |
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According to the animation, oxidative phosphorylation |
is a catabolic process. |
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According to the animation, the reactions that occur between glucose and pyruvic acid |
can either be anabolic or catabolic. |
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Which of the following is needed as a reactant for the first step of the citric acid cycle? |
Oxaloacetic acid |
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Where does the energy come from to power the formation of GTP? |
Succinyl CoA |
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Which step involves the release of carbon dioxide? |
The third and fourth steps |
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How many molecules of ATP can be generated from one molecule of NADH? |
Three |
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Which step(s) of the Krebs cycle does (do) not produce any usable energy? |
The second and seventh steps |
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Why does FADH2 yield less ATP than NADH? |
FADH2 electrons enter the electron transport chain at a lower energy level. |
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Which of the following can be used as a final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration? |
Molecular oxygen |
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What is one difference between ubiquinones and cytochromes? |
Ubiquinones are not made of protein; cytochromes are. |
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How does the proton gradient help ATP synthase to make ATP? |
Protons move from outside the membrane to inside the membrane. |
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Iron is considered an essential element for many bacteria. Based on the animation, how would lack of iron affect energy production of a bacterium? |
Lack of iron would mean lack of heme, and thus lower amounts of functioning cytochrome proteins. This would mean lower energy yields. |
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Glycolysis produces energy in which form? |
NADH and ATP |
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Which step is the step for which glycolysis is named? |
Fourth |
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What is meant by substrate-level phosphorylation? |
Production of ATP by transferring phosphates directly from metabolic products to ADP |
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What is the driving force of energy production in steps 6 and 7? |
The oxidation of three-carbon compounds |
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What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis? |
Two ATP |
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