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1) Standard methods of sterilization are not effective in inactivating
A) viruses.
B) bacterial cells.
C) prions.
D) bacterial endospores.
E) fungi.
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c
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2) Which of the following statements is true of disinfectants?
A) Disinfectants are effective in destroying endospores.
B) Disinfectants are used on living tissue.
C) Disinfectants are used for sterilization.
D) Disinfectants are used on inanimate surfaces.
E) Disinfectants are only effective for short periods of time (seconds to minutes).
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D
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3) Which of the following statements concerning microbial death is FALSE?
A) It can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
B) It is constant over time of exposure to an antimicrobial agent.
C) It is the permanent loss of a microbe’s reproductive ability.
D) It is the permanent loss of a microbe’s ability to reproduce and can be used to evaluate antimicrobial agents.
E) It is not an effective means of evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
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E
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4) Which of the following is an example of sanitization?
A) A public toilet is treated with disinfectants.
B) A surgeon washes her hands before surgery.
C) Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice.
D) An autoclave is used to prepare nutrient agar.
E) A nurse prepares an injection site with an alcohol swab.
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A
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5) Aseptic means
A) sterile.
B) free of all microbes.
C) clean.
D) sanitized.
E) free of pathogens.
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E
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6) Which of the following would NOT be bacteriostatic?
A) desiccation
B) freezing below 0°C
C) lyophilization
D) autoclaving
E) refrigeration of mesophiles
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D
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7) Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect
A) the cell wall.
B) the cell membrane.
C) the viral envelope.
D) endospores.
E) protein synthesis.
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E
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8) Seventy percent alcohol is effective against
A) enveloped viruses.
B) nonenveloped viruses.
C) bacterial endospores.
D) protozoan cysts.
E) prions.
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A
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9) An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a(n)
A) high-level germicide.
B) low-level germicide.
C) intermediate-level germicide.
D) degerming agent only.
E) germistatic agent only.
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B
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10) Which of the following is NOT an effective means of sterilization?
A) ionizing radiation
B) incineration
C) lyophilization
D) autoclaving
E) dry heat
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C
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11) Which of the following describes flash pasteurization?
A) heating at 63°C for 30 minutes
B) heating at 72°C for 15 seconds
C) heating at 72°C for 15 minutes
D) heating at 134°C for one second
E) passing liquid through steam at 140°C
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B
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12) The dairy creamer used in restaurants is usually sterilized by
A) filtration.
B) ionizing radiation.
C) lyophilization.
D) UHT sterilization.
E) autoclaving.
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D
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13) Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of
A) actively growing bacteria.
B) enveloped viruses.
C) bacterial endospores.
D) protozoan cysts.
E) both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses.
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E
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14) Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration?
A) nitrocellulose or plastic membrane filters
B) sterilization of heat-sensitive materials
C) varying thicknesses of membrane filters used
D) use of HEPA filters to filter air
E) ability of some filters to trap viruses and proteins
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C
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15) Which of the following is a target of pasteurization?
A) Bacillus stearothermophilus
B) Clostridium botulinum
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Chlamydia trachomatis
E) Brucella melitensis
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E
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16) Which of the following types of radiation is nonionizing and has the shortest wavelength?
A) ultraviolet light
B) infrared radiation
C) microwaves
D) X rays
E) gamma rays
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A
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17) Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?
A) X rays
B) ultraviolet light
C) electron beams
D) microwaves
E) gamma rays
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E
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18) Which of the following can be used to disinfect air?
A) HEPA filters
B) ethylene oxide
C) ultraviolet light
D) both HEPA filters and ultraviolet light
E) both ethylene oxide and ultraviolet light
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D
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21) Betadine is an example of which of the following groups of antimicrobial agents?
A) alcohols
B) heavy metals
C) halogens
D) phenolics
E) surfactants
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C
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24) Which of the following was used in the past to prevent the transmission of gonorrhea from an infected mother to her newborn?
A) hydrogen peroxide
B) beta-propiolactone
C) thimerosal
D) hexachlorophene
E) silver nitrate
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E
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25) Which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
A) ethylene oxide
B) formaldehyde
C) hydrogen peroxide
D) calcium hypochlorite
E) triclosan
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A
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27) Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are
A) aldehydes.
B) antimicrobials.
C) halogens.
D) quats.
E) triclosans.
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B
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28) A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a(n)
A) sanitizer.
B) germicide.
C) disinfectant.
D) fungicide.
E) antiseptic.
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B
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30) The endospores of which of the following microbes are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?
A) Clostridium botulinum
B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C) Bacillus stearothermophilus
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E) Mycobacterium bovis
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C
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32) Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants?
A) use-dilution test
B) microbial death rate
C) in-use test
D) thermal death point
E) phenol coefficient
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A
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34) Disinfectants that damage membranes include
A) alcohol.
B) phenolics.
C) iodine.
D) hydrogen peroxide.
E) both alcohol and phenolics.
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E
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36) The process of filtration is a(n)
A) disinfectant method.
B) sterilizing method.
C) sanitization method.
D) antiseptic procedure.
E) ineffective method for removing microbes.
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B
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37) Hydrogen peroxide is a(n)
A) sterilizing agent.
B) disinfecting agent.
C) antiseptic.
D) disinfecting and sterilizing agent.
E) ineffective method of disinfecting.
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D
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38) The process of incineration is used for
A) sterilization.
B) disinfection.
C) sanitization.
D) both disinfection and sanitization.
E) degerming.
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A
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39) Alcohols are used for
A) disinfection.
B) sterilization.
C) antisepsis.
D) both sterilization and disinfection.
E) both antisepsis and disinfection
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E
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