micro chapter 9

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Semiconservative replication refers to	An original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule
Which is incorrect about purines?	only found in dna, not rna
This molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template strand	messenger rna
The three-base sequence on DNA that codes for an amino acid is called a(n)	codon
Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include All of the choices are correct Mitochondrial DNA Chromosomes Plasmids Chloroplast DNA	all of the choices are correct
Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by DNA polymerase DNA helicase Primase DNA gyrase DNA ligase	dna ligase
The operon segment composed of the gene that code for a protein repressor is called the Operator Regulator Structural locus Promoter None of the choices are correct	regulator
The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by Transmission Conjugation Transformation Transposons Transduction	transposons
The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell. Chromosome Plasmid Genome Proteome Prophage	genome
Synthesis of an inducible enzyme requires Substrate bound to repressor Substrate bound to promoter Repressor alone bound to operator Co repressor and repressor binding to operator None of the choices are correct	substrate bound to repressor
Of the following list, which antibiotics affect protein synthesis? chloramphenicol ciprofloxacin Both B and C penicillin tetracycline	ciprofloxacin
Which of the following is not true of conjugation? Involves direct contact between cells Transfers genes for a polysaccharide capsule The donor retains a copy of the transferred genes Transfers genes for drug resistance Transfers genes for enzymes and adherence molecules	transfers genes for a polysaccharide capsule
DNA Polymerase I All of the choices are correct Adds bases to new DNA chain Seals DNA gaps Proofreads DNA chain Removes primers	removes primers
The antiparallel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to None of the choices are correct An original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule A purine always bonding to a pyrimidine Each base bonding at the 1′ position of the sugar One helix strand that runs from the 5′ to 3′ direction and the other strand runs from the 3′ to 5′ direction	one helix strand that runs from the 5′ to 3′ direction and the other strand runs from the 3′ to 5′ direction
DNA Polymerase III Synthesizes primer Joins Okazaki fragments Removes primer Unzips the DNA helix Proofreads new DNA	proofreads new dna
In bacteria, initiator tRNA carries formyl methionine. True False	true
All of the following pertain to transcription except Occurs before translation Occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm Requires RNA polymerase Is a process of protein synthesis Requires a template DNA strand	occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Hfr transfer involves all of the following except F factor is part of the F+ donor chromosome High frequency transfer A pilus connection between F+ and F- cells Gene integration into the bacterial chromosome Plasmid gene transfer	plasmid gene transfer
The expression of genetic traits is the Proteotype Proteome Genotype Phenotype Genome	phenotype
Bacterial conjugation involves None of the choices are correct Naked DNA fragments from a lysed donor cell are taken up by a recipient cell New progeny cells with genes from two parent bacterial cells A donor cell with a plasmid that synthesizes a pilus Bacteriophage carrying donor DNA to the recipient cell	a donor cell with a plasmid that synthesizes a pilus
What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for? Point Nonsense Back Silent Missense	silent
Gene regulation can involve a protein repressor that blocks _____ from initiating transcription. DNA polymerase I RNA polymerase rRNA mRNA DNA polymerase III	rna polymerase
Which of the following is incorrect about transfer RNA? Has a bottom hairpin loop with an anticodon An anticodon is complementary to a codon The initiator tRNA that binds to the P site has the anticodon UAC Contains a binding site for an amino acid Initiator tRNA in bacteria carries tryptophan	iniatiator tRNA in bacteria carries tryptophan
The nontranscribed region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to nitiate transcription is called the Promoter Exon Operator Intron Operon	promoter
If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is CGT UGC CGU GCA ACG	CGU
The smallest unit of heredity is a chromosome. True False	false
Which of the following is incorrect about termination codons? Are also called nonsense codons Where the bond between the final tRNA and the polymerase is broken Include AUG Do not have corresponding tRNA Include UAA, UAG, UGA	include AUG
A sequence of bases on a gene that does not code for protein is called a/an Operator Intron Exon Operon Promoter	intron
nduced mutations result from errors in DNA replication. True False	false
Replication of DNA begins at a(n) Guanine-cytosine rich area Adenine-thymine rich area Uracil-adenine rich area Adenine-cytosine rich area Guanine-adenine rich area	adenine-thymine rich area
Repressible operons are normally turned on in the cell. True False	true
Which of the following additions have been made to principles of the central dogma of biology? Protein information can be converted into DNA information DNA information cannot be converted into RNA information All of these RNA can be used to regulate gene function DNA codes for proteins	rna can be used to regulate the gene function
The following pertain to ribosomes during protein synthesis except Participate only in translation Shift to the right along the mRNA strand from one codon to the next Contain codons within their rRNA molecules Bind to the 5′ end of mRNA by their small subunit Use their large subunit to supply enzymes for peptide bonding	contain codons within their rRNA molecule
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA Is typically one strand of nucleotides Has uracil All of the choices are correct Has ribose Does not have thymine	all of the choices are correct
If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATA ETH EBI GRA T? Silent Insertion Nonsense Missense Deletion	insertion
The duplication of a cell’s DNA is called Translation Replication Mitosis Mutation Transcription	replication
Which cell can transfer the most DNA? R cell B cell F- cell Hfr cell F+ cell	Hfr cell
Each nucleotide is composed of One phosphate, one nitrogenous base, one sugar One phosphate, one nitrogenous base, two sugars One phosphate, two nitrogenous bases, one sugar Two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, one sugar Two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, two sugars	one phospate, one nitrogenous base, one sugar
Helicase Unwinds DNA None of the choices are correct Supercoils DNA Unwinds RNA Winds RNA	unwinds DNA
Split genes Are common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Have introns located only at the beginning and end of a coding region Only have exons initially transcribed to mRNA Use spliceosomes to excise introns and then join exons All of the choices are correct	use spliceosomes to excise introns and then join exons
Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is inhibited by None of the choices are correct Corepressor and repressor binding to operator Substrate bound to promoter Repressor alone bound to operator Substrate bound to repressor	corepressor and repressor binding to operater
A bacteriophage transfers DNA of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of Specialized transduction Generalized transduction Conjugation Creation of an Hfr cell None of the choices are correct	generalized transduction
If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE THE BAG RAT? Silent Insertion Missense Deletion Nonsense	missense
he most serious type of mutation is a Back mutation Silent mutation Frameshift mutation Point mutation All the choices are equally serious	frameshift mutation
A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a(n) Alteration Regeneration Transcription Translation	mutation
Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes because only eukaryotes have Elongated, not circular, chromosomes Chromosomes in a nucleus Histone proteins All of the choices are correct Several to many chromosomes	all of the choices are correct
The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called mRNA Nucleotides Amino acids Histones Polymerases	nucleotides
DNA gyrase Unwinds DNA Cleaves DNA Supercoils DNA None of the choices are correct Joins free DNA ends	supercoils DNA
The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell that results in a changed recipient cell is Transformation Mitosis Transmission Conjugation Transduction	transformation
In Griffith’s experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae, rough non-encapsulated Streptococci were converted into smooth encapsulated Streptococci in the presence of the heat- killed smooth encapsulated Streptococci. What is the term that describes this process? conjugation transformation cloning transduction	conjugation
A nucleosome is a linear chromosome wound around the Histone rRNA mRNA Nuclear membrane Nucleolus	histone
Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds. Hydrogen Sulfhydryl Non polar covalent Peptide Polar covalent	hydrogen bonds
DNA polymerase III Is needed for adding nucleotides during mRNA synthesis Synthesizes new DNA only in the 5′ to 3′ direction Cannot add nucleotides to the lagging strand All of the choices are correct Synthesizes an RNA primer	synthesizes new DNA only in the 5′ to 3′ direction
A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a Point mutation Nonsense mutation Silent mutation Missense mutation Back mutation	nonsense mutation
The enzyme that can proofreads replicating DNA, detects incorrect bases, excises them, and correctly replaces them is Primase DNA gyrase DNA ligase DNA polymerase DNA helicase	DNA polymerase
A screening system called the _____ test is used for detecting chemicals with carcinogenic potential. Iowa Mutation Koch Cancer Ames	ames
A primer of ____ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition. DNA Helicase Polymerase III Polymerase I RNA	RNA
RNA polymerase binds to the None of the choices are correct Regulation sequence Start codon Termination sequence Promoter sequence	promoter sequence
All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases except Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines Form pairs by hydrogen bonding Adenine pairs with thymine Guanine pairs with uracil Allows variation from one nucleotide to another which creates the encoded information	guanine pairs with uracil
Repressible operons require that _____ bind to the repressor protein before it can bind to the operator. A coenzyme The reactant A cofactor The substrate The product	the product
All mutations are not beneficial to the cell. True False	false
The process in which mutations are removed and the correct bases added is called Back-mutation Frameshift Transformation Transduction Excision repair	excision repair
Which of the following is not a type of microRNA? Riboswitch miRNA Antisense tRNA siRNA	tRNA
Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination? Conjugation Mitosis Transduction None of the above Transformation	mitosis
Which is incorrect about inducible operons? Have genes turned off by a buildup of end product Are often for catabolic pathways Are normally turned off Include the lac operon Are turned on by the substrate of the enzyme	have genes turned off by a build up of end product
DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the old 3′ DNA end. True False	true
The enzyme that helps pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle is: DNA gyrase DNA polymerase Primase DNA ligase DNA helicase	DNA helicase
During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new DNA strands. Copy point Template Scaffold Reservoir Comparison molecule	template
Transcription occurs in the nucleus or at the nucleoid. True False	true
Which of the following is not associated with a prokaryotic ribosome? Has a peptide (P) site Has an amino acid (A) site Has an exit site Is a 70s Small unit provides the enzymes for making peptide bonds	small unit provides the enzymes for making peptide bonds
A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations? Missense and insertion Insertion and nonsense Deletion and insertion Nonsense and deletion Missense and nonsense	deletion and insertion
Which of the following is not true of transposons? Can replace damaged DNA Are always part of plasmids Can change the genome Can change pigmentation Can transfer drug resistance	are always part of plasmids
Excised introns form structures called lariats. True False	true
If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE (stop)? Nonsense Deletion Missense Insertion Silent	nonsense
The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is called the Okazaki fragment Rolling circle Replication fork Primer Template	replication fork
DNA photolyase, in the presence of visible light, can repair DNA damage due to ultraviolet radiation. True False	true
The development of virulent, toxin-producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a temperate phage can occur in Specialized transduction All of the choices are correct Transformation Generalized transduction Bacterial conjugation	specialized transduction
he lactose repressor Requires lactose for its transcription Is activated by binding lactose Is transcribed with the structural lac genes None of the choices are correct Is inactivated by binding lactose	is inactivated by binding lactose
The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called Primer RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA Ribozymes Messenger RNA	transfer RNA
DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome. True False	false
Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one Nucleotide None of the choices are correct Purine Protein Amino acid	amino acid
Which of the following is not true of an organism’s genotype? Are structural genes coding for proteins Is inherited Are the expressed traits governed by the genes Are regulatory genes controlling gene expression Are genes coding for RNA	are expressed traits covered by the genes
Each _____ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional product. Triplet Exon Operator Gene Intron	gene
Full induction of the lactose operon requires Lactose and glucose present Lactose present without glucose Lactose present All of the choices induce the lactose operon Lactose and arabinose present	lactose present without glucose
Lactose is a corepressor in the lac operon. True False	false
Introns have no detectable functions. True False	false
Structural genes code for Ribosomal RNA molecules Gene expression elements All of the choices are correct Transfer RNA molecules Cellular proteins	cellular proteins

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