mastering

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the

parasympathetic

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the

sympathetic

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?
– cardiac
– skeletal
– smooth
– glands

skeletal

Which autonomic division increases heart rate?

sympathetic

The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________

motor; heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.

post-ganglionic neuron

Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons?

cervical

(T/F)Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

true

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________.

localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation

(A/S)It always has a stimulatory effect.

somatic

(A/S)It targets skeletal muscle.

somatic

(A/S)It targets cardiac and smooth muscles.

autonomic

(A/S)One of its divisions is the sympathetic nervous system.

autonomic

It has either stimulatory or inhibitory effects.

autonomic

what is the only neuron that releases norepinephrine and not acetylcholine

postganglionic sympathetic

(P/S)Cell bodies are located in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

sympathetic

(P/S)Some preganglionic fibers synapse with the adrenal gland.

sympathetic

(P/S)The heart is a target.

both

(P/S)Cell bodies are located in the brain stem.

parasympathetic

(P/S)Preganglionic fibers are long.

parasympathetic

(P/S)skeletal muscles are targets

neither

what is the order of the flow of information from the sympathetic nervous system to the heart

1. activation of thoracic preganglionic neuron 2. synapse at peripheral ganglion 3. activation of postganglionic neuron 4. Release of norepinephrine onto target tissue

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the

thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.

parasympathetic

Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

vagus (CNX)

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?

parasympathetic

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes.

sympathetic trunk

This organ contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes.

adrenal medulla

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?

sympathetic

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.

modified postganglionic neurons in the medulla secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as blood-borne neurohormones, rather than as neurotransmitters

The overall integrating center for the ANS.

hypothalamus

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the

the autonomic nervous system

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit parasympathetic effects?

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue