Can you correctly label this diagram of the human life cycle? |
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Except during __________, cell division in humans results in daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes and are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. |
sexual reproduction |
If it were to be stretched out, the DNA in one of your cells would be taller than you. How does such a large quantity of DNA fit within the nucleus of one of your cells? |
DNA is associated with proteins that compact the DNA to form a package called chromatin. |
Duplication of the chromosomes by a cell occurs __________. |
before a cell divides |
__________ are linked together at the centromere. |
Sister chromatids |
Consider the image. It shows a cell undergoing cytokinesis. You can determine this is a plant cell rather than an animal cell because it has __________. |
formed a cell plate |
Can you correctly label these images of chromosomes? |
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After fertilization, the resulting zygote undergoes _____. |
mitosis |
Can you complete this paragraph about cell division? |
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In animals, meiosis __________. |
produces four gamete cells |
Can you organize these terms that describe the different kinds of cell division? |
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Like mitosis, meiosis involves duplication of the chromosomes before division starts. However, there are __________ rounds of cell division during meiosis and __________ during mitosis. |
two; one |
Crossing over happens during __________. |
meiosis |
Random orientation of homologous pairs of chromosomes during meiosis I results in alternative arrangements that contribute to genetic variation in offspring. This is called __________. |
independent assortment |
This karyotype corresponds to which of the following individuals? |
a female with Down Syndrome |
Can you match each genetics term with its description? |
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Can you correctly organize these terms associated with Mendelian genetics? |
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Imagine that, in cats, eye color is controlled by a single gene and that black eyes are dominant to orange eyes. All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed cat and an orange-eyed cat have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is __________ the allele for orange eyes. |
dominant to |
Mendel formulated his principles of inheritance based on _____. |
observations on the outcomes of breeding experiments. The underlying processes were unknown at the time. |
Mendel observed that pairs of alleles were separated or segregated in gametes and that they were rejoined in fertilization. We know that pairs of _____ are segregated in _____ and then are rejoined through fertilization. |
homologous chromosomes … meiosis |
As we now understand it, the Law of Independent Assortment applies _____. |
to pairs of genes that are on different chromosomes, but NOT to pairs of genes that are close together on the same chromosome |
If you are a male, the Law of Independent Assortment indicates that your gametes contain _____. |
a random mix of the chromosomes you inherited from each parent |
How have Mendel’s laws fared as we have learned more about cell biology and processes such as meiosis? |
Our new knowledge has helped to explain some of the exceptions to Mendel’s laws of inheritance. |
Can you correctly label the genotypes and phenotypes in this Punnett square of a monohybrid cross? |
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A breeder wants to set up a program to produce zebrafish with long fins. Having long fins is a dominant trait compared to the short fin wild type. Before she can market her zebrafish, she needs to perform a test cross on the long-finned fish she plans to use as a breeder. How can she tell whether her fish are homozygous or heterozygous for the long-finned trait? |
Do several test crosses between the long-finned fish and the short-finned fish; if the offspring are always long finned, the long-finned parent is probably homozygous. |
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that __________. |
each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles |
What do we call a genetic cross that follows two separate characters, such as pea seed color and pea seed shape? |
a dihybrid cross |
What is a carrier? |
an individual who is heterozygous for a particular recessive trait |
Can you correctly label the genotypes and phenotypes in this Punnett square of a cross that traces human blood types? |
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Fur color in rabbits is controlled by multiple alleles. What does this mean? |
Rabbit fur color is controlled by a single gene, but there are multiple versions of that gene. |
Why are linked genes inherited as a set rather than independently? |
Linked genes are located near each other on the same chromosomes, so they tend to move together. |
Can you correctly label the phenotypes in this Punnett square of a sex-linked cross? |
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The inheritance pattern for red-green color blindness is different for males compared to females. Similar to the inheritance pattern for hemophilia in the royal families of Europe, red-green color blindness is rare in females although they can be carriers for this trait. Why is the inheritance pattern different for males and females? |
The gene for this trait is located on the X chromosome. |
Mastering Biology 5
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