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When did Homo sapiens first appear? |
200,000 B.C. |
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Which method for determining the age of artifacts measures the rate of decay in atoms in volcanic rock? |
potassium-argon dating |
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What caused prehistoric people to drastically change the way they lived? |
climate change |
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What did improved farming techniques lead to? |
division of labor |
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Which best defines history? |
study of the human past and the story of change over time |
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Which kind of scholar studies objects left behind by humans? |
archaeologist |
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What does the out of Africa theory maintain? |
Modern humans originated in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world. |
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Which of these characteristics is not true of early hunter-gatherers? |
They traded extensively with other communities. |
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What was the Neolithic Revolution? |
a time when humans turned from hunting and gathering to farming |
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What happened as a result of humans settling down into agricultural villages? |
Social roles and work definition began to change. |
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Why did a division of labor occur when people started to produce a surplus of food? |
People were left with time to do other jobs. |
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Which was one result of the domestication of animals? |
new division of labor between men and women |
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Which describes a characteristic of civilization? |
trade and economic activity |
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Where did Sumerian priests make offerings to the Sumerian gods and goddesses? |
ziggurats |
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What effect did the invention of writing have in the ancient world? |
Information and culture spread to new places. |
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The invention of bronze in ancient Sumer was so significant because it __________. |
improved agriculture and gave rulers more power |
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Which is a reason Sumer declined as a civilization? |
Sumerian rulers fought to gain territory. |
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When the flooding waters of the Nile receded, what did they leave behind? |
rich, black soil |
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Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead? |
to preserve the bodies for use in the afterlife |
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Who united Upper and Lower Egypt? |
Menes Narmer |
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What did scholars study to help them decipher hieroglyphics? |
Rosetta Stone |
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How were scholars able to translate hieroglyphic symbols? |
By comparing a message written in both hieroglyphics and Greek, scholars were able to translate the hieroglyphic symbols. |
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Which was a first step in the development of civilizations in both the Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies? |
development of irrigation |
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Which river is associated with the settlement of ancient Egypt? |
Nile |
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Who was the most powerful person in Egyptian society and government? |
the pharaoh |
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Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead? |
to preserve the bodies for use in the afterlife |
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What is the Rosetta Stone? |
a carved stone that helped decode hieroglyphics |
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What was the purpose of the Book of the Dead? |
to help people in their passage to the afterlife |
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Which best describes the Indus Valley civilization? |
organizing cities well |
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From where did the soil in the Indus Valley receive its rich silt? |
Indus River |
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Which most likely contributed to the decline of the Indus Valley civilization? |
outbreak of disease |
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Why don’t we have more information about the Indus Valley civilization? |
Archaeologists and historians have been unable to decipher the Indus Valley writing. |
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Which was a result of the physical geography of ancient China? |
isolation from other early civilizations |
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Why did the Yellow River flood so frequently? |
The river carried enormous amounts of silt. |
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What is a dynasty? |
a ruling family that remains in power for many years |
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Which legendary dynasty was started by Yu? |
Xia |
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On what did Shang priests write questions for the gods? |
bones |
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Which New Kingdom pharaoh outlawed the worship of many gods and established a new religion with one, all-powerful god? |
Amenhotep IV |
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How were many of the New Kingdom pharaohs able to undertake such enormous building projects? |
They used slave labor and the wealth they gained from tribute and trade. |
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Which is the best definition for empire? |
an area or political unit in which formerly independent states are under the control of one ruler |
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Which was the most common method empire builders used to unite vast territories? |
military conquest |
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How did Sargon raise money to pay his army and buy the loyalty of his supporters? |
by controlling trade routes and taxing merchants |
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What was the significance of the Code of Hammurabi? |
The laws were displayed throughout the empire for all to see. |
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Why did the Hittites migrate from central Asia to Mesopotamia? |
They needed more land for growing populations. |
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Which pharaoh undertook enormous building projects, including Abu Simbel? |
Ramses II |
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Which pharaoh established a new religion with one, new, all-powerful god? |
Amenhotep IV |
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What did an abundant supply of slaves and the wealth from tribute, plunder, and trade allow Egyptian pharaohs and other rulers to do? |
build huge monuments and temples and develop infrastructure |
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Which group of people conquered Egypt’s New Kingdom, but kept many Egyptian customs? |
Kushites |
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How did Darius of Persia maintain control over his empire? |
He divided it into provinces and assigned satraps to govern them. |
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Which empire builder used tolerance to help maintain control over his empire? |
Cyrus |
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Why did the Persian Empire decline in power? |
Fights for the royal throne broke out and governors stopped following orders. |
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Which statement about Persian culture is true? |
The Persians adopted whatever they found useful from other cultures. |
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Which were achievements of the Chaldean Empire? |
Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Ishtar Gate; precise observations of the stars |
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In which way were the Assyrian and Persian empires alike? |
They were both divided into provinces and had systems of communication. |
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Most scholars and scientists agree that modern humans originated on which continent? |
Africa |
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When did descendants of modern-day humans first appear? |
around 200,000 B.C. |
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Which scholar studies artifacts objects left behind by humans or human ancestors? |
archaeologist |
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Which method do scientists use to track evolutionary changes over time? |
DNA analysis |
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Which most directly helped early humans develop agriculture? |
access to water |
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Why were the people in early farming communities able to focus on different kinds of work? |
Improved farming techniques resulted in food surpluses. |
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Which best describes a result of division of labor in early farming communities? |
Social roles began to change. |
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What did trade and interaction between villages result in? |
greater knowledge |
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Which is a characteristic of civilization? |
trade and economic activity |
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Why were early clans of hunter-gatherers not considered civilizations? |
They did not have division of labor. |
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Why did the world’s first civilizations develop in river valleys? |
The land in river valleys supported agriculture. |
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Which civilization built ziggurats and used cuneiform to record information? |
Mesopotamia |
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Which civilization built pyramids and mummified their rulers? |
Egypt |
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Why is the Code of Hammurabi such an important factor in the development of empires? |
Everyone in the empire could see the laws. |
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Which New Kingdom pharaoh built several large temples and monuments, including Abu Simbel? |
Ramses II |
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What is the New Kingdom pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) known for? |
establishing a new, monotheistic religion |
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Which civilization put home and family at the center of life and produced silk cloth? |
China |
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Which describes accomplishments of the Persian Empire? |
using governors and an infrastructure to maintain control |
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Which empire’s accomplishments include the Ishtar Gate, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and a knowledge of astronomy and medicine? |
Chaldean |
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Which empire, forged by Hammurabi, produced the first code of laws available for all to see? |
Babylonian |
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Which was not a method used by early empire builders to gain and maintain power? |
building new temples |
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Which two groups migrated into modern-day Turkey and Iran from what is now southern Russia and later formed empires? |
Hittites and Aryans |
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Which best describes why the Neolithic Revolution was such an important turning point in history? |
People began to control their physical environment for the first time. |
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