History of R&R CH 2

Which 1950s movie featured Bill Haley’s "(We’re Gonna) Rock around the Clock"?

Blackboard Jungle

Alan Freed began his career in

Cleveland

The Rock and Roll Party was

Alan Freed’s radio show in New York

The practice of payola involved

creating business friendships with disc jockeys by offering gifts

The country and western chart was originally called

hillbilly

A crossover song is

a song or record appearing on multiple music charts

All of the following are examples of crossover artists EXCEPT

Big Joe Turner

As a song, "Roll Over Beethoven" celebrates

teenagers listening to rhythm and blues.

Little Richard’s aggressive piano playing and "wild man" image were a direct contrast to

Fats Domino

The "whitening" of rhythm and blues was marked by

lyrics changed to dance references instead of sexual innuendos.

The success of crossover artists significantly reduced

the crossover potential for the original artists.

Who started Sun Records in Memphis?

Sam Phillips

Early in his career, Elvis was marketed as a

country and western artist

Elvis Presley’s contract was bought by

RCA Records

Elvis is often thought of as a song stylist because he

did not write his own songs but chose which material he would record.

Which song was the first million-selling single for Sun Records?

"Blue Suede Shoes"

All of the following were artists with Sun Records EXCEPT

Buddy Holly.

Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran were particularly popular with

audiences in England.

Which Sun Records singer was dubbed the "female Elvis"?

Janis Martin

"That’ll Be the Day" was the first hit for

Buddy Holly.

All of the following events affected the first wave of rock and roll EXCEPT

Pat Boone having the first rock-and-roll hit song.

The congressional hearings on the payola scandal focused on

radio stations that played rock and roll.

Whom did ASCAP represent during the payola scandal?

traditional pop songwriters

Two high-profile individuals associated with the payola scandal were

Alan Freed and Dick Clark.

As a result of the payola scandal, Alan Freed

was run out of the music business.

The emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s can be attributed to the relationship between DJs and

indie record labels.

All of the following are elements of Chuck Berry’s music EXCEPT

songs geared toward adult black listeners.

Which of the following was a trademark of Little Richard’s music?

maniacal singing

Elvis’s first single for RCA was

"Heartbreak Hotel."

Which of the following statements about Buddy Holly is FALSE?

He was a cover artist.

Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s?Specialty

Sun

Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s?

Sun

To which independent label was Little Richard signed?

Specialty

________ was a regional radio show in Memphis hosted by Dewey Phillips.

Red, Hot, and Blue

Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations.

They used it to compete with the greater resources of shared by major labels. Independent radio stations used it as a way to compete in regional markets.

Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations

They used it to compete with the greater resources shared by major labels. Independent radio stations used it as a way to compete in regional markets.

________ often performed a trademark "duck walk" during guitar solos.

Chuck Berry

Although he covered many rhythm and blues songs, ________ played a central role in establishing rock
and roll in mainstream pop in the 1950s.

Pat Boone

The song ________ helped launch Elvis Presley’s career at Sun Records.

That’s All Right Mama

The "slapback echo" was a rockabilly feature pioneered by ________.

Sam Phillips

How was Elvis’s image and music used to appeal to a wider audience?

He starred in movies, after serving in the army he became a patriotic G.I. instead of a hip swiveling menace.

How was Buddy Holly influential as a songwriter?

The fact that he wrote his own songs served as a model for other rock musicians. He also was adventurous in terms of formal design.

Explain why the act of payola was NOT deemed an illegal activity.

According to FCC rules the gifts just had to be announced on air and money received had to be claimed on a tax form.

Why did Sam Phillips sell Elvis’s contract?

They paid him an amount he never thought they would agree to and he invested that money into his business.

________ was probably the most flamboyant performer in the early years of rock
and roll.

Little Richard

Why did rhythm and blues artists often opt for a flat fee for their recordings?

For musicians in the habit of going around playing gigs it was more prudent to be paid up front than to sign an agreement for future royalties with a small, fragile record company.

Whom did BMI represent during the payola scandal?

rock and roll

Who took control of American popular music as the first wave of rock and roll ended?

Big companies

crossover success for Jerry Lee Lewis

Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On

radio show hosted by Alan Freed

The Moondog Show

received coauthor credit for the song "Maybellene"

Alan Freed

the American Society of Composers, Artists, and Performers

ASCAP

Chuck Berry’s first hit on Chess Records

"Maybellene"

Elvis Presley’s manager

Colonel Tom Parker

trademark of Buddy Holly

vocal hiccup

original marketing term for rhythm and blues

race records

female rockabilly singer

Brenda Lee

song originally performed by Big Joe Turner

Shake, Rattle, and Roll

Most of rock’s originators and many of the independent labels they worked for were out of the music
business by 1960.

True

Both independent and major record labels used payola.

True

Cover versions of rhythm and blues songs by white artists very rarely performed better on the pop charts
than the rhythm and blues originals.

False

Fats Domino, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard were all artists recorded on independent labels.

True

White artists covering Little Richard’s music left out much of the sexual innuendo in his lyrics.

True

It was a common practice for major record labels to watch the country and western charts for hits and
then cover those songs for the pop market.

False

Before Elvis signed a major record deal, major labels were NOT interested in rock and roll.

True

Elvis is best thought of as a master songwriter who wrote in a variety of pop genres.

False

Both Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry wrote music that was intended for a pop audience with influences of
country and western and rhythm and blues.

True

Along with Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Little Richard were killed in the same plane crash.

False

Elvis’s recordings with RCA helped establish a style that came to be called "rockabilly."

False

To many teenagers, Alan Freed was the father of rock and roll.

True