History of Rock & Roll Midterm

One reason rock and roll was able to attain quick and broad attention at the national level was because of:

the corporate transition from radio to television

Regional boundaries in popular culture began to diminish in the 1920s as a result of:

NBC radio broadcasting coast-to-coast with a national radio network

All of the following are true about Tin Pan Alley EXCEPT it:

was a term that denoted a specific method of doing business in popular music

Most rhythm and blues performers learned to sing:

in church

Songs released by Atlantic Records often:

blended gospel, blues, and big band pop sounds

The intermingling of soldiers from all regions of the United States helped spread the popularity of:

country and western

Ralph Peer made early recordings of which type of music?

hillbilly music

Big band music emphasizes:

the band

In the early 1950s, mainstream pop was produced primarily for:

a family audience

The Stagger Lee myth refers to:

a stereotype of sexually driven black men who view white women as conquests

Frank Sinatra began his musical career as a:

singer in big bands

All of the following are examples of Chicago blues musicians EXCEPT:

Robert Johnson

What did the Acuff-Rose publishing firm rely on for sales of its music?

songs recorded and performed by country artists

Which country and western artist has been referred to as "pure country"?

Hank Williams

Jimmie Rodgers’s performance style was noted for his trademark:

yodel

In addition to lyrics, Bill Haley’s version of "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" changes the:

rhythmic feel

The Grand Ole Opry broadcast from:

WSM in Nashville

Memphis was an important music scene for blues due to the:

migration of rural blacks to urban centers

All of the following were independent labels in the late 1940s and early 1950s EXCEPT:

Mercury Records

Amos ‘n’ Andy is an example of:

a popular comedy program broadcast on network radio

Western music is most often associated with the:

open prairie and cowboys

Big Joe Turner’s "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" is an example of:

hokum blues

The development of bluegrass can be primarily traced to:

Bill Monroe and His Blue Grass Boys

The role of the Tin Pan Alley publisher was to:

pitch songs to artists who might consider performing them

The term "doo-wop" refers to:

the nonsense syllables singers would use in song arrangements

The music of Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five is an example of:

jump blues

Early in his career, Elvis was marketed as a:

country and western artist

As a song, "Roll Over Beethoven" celebrates:

teenagers listening to rhythm and blues

Which song was the first million-selling single for Sun Records?

"Blue Suede Shoes"

Whom did ASCAP represent during the payola scandal?

traditional pop song writers

What was the focus of the congressional hearings regarding the payola scandal?:

the radio stations that played rock and roll

Little Richard’s aggressive piano playing and "wild man" image were a direct contrast to:

Fats Domino

All the following were artists with Sun Records EXCEPT:

Buddy Holly

Alan Freed began his career in:

Cleveland

"That’ll Be The Day" was the first hit for:

Buddy Holly

The success of crossover artists was significantly reduced by:

the practice of covering rhythm and blues songs

The practice of payola involved:

creating business friendships with disc jockeys by offering gifts

The Rock and Roll Party was:

Alan Freed’s radio show in New York

Elvis is often thought of as a song stylist because he:

did not write his own songs but chose which material he would record

As a result of the payola scandal, Alan Freed:

was run out of the music business

Which 1950s movie featured Bill Haley’s "(We’re Gonna) Rock around the Clock"?

Blackboard Jungle

Who started Sun Records in Memphis?

Sam Phillips

Elvis Presley’s contract was bought by:

RCA Records

A crossover song is:

a song or record appearing on multiple music charts

Which Sun Records singer was dubbed the "female Elvis"?

Janis Martin

Two high-profile individuals associated with the payola scandal were:

Alan Freed & Dick Clark

Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran were particularly popular with:

audiences in England

All of the following events affected the first wave of rock and roll EXCEPT:

Pat Boone had his first rock-and-roll hit song

All of the following are examples of crossover artists EXCEPT:

Big Joe Turner

The "whitening" of rhythm and blues was marked by:

lyrics changed to dance references instead of sexual innuendos

The country and western chart was originally called:

hillbilly

Bob Dylan was originally from:

Minnesota

At the 1965 Newport Folk Festival, Bob Dylan:

Performed with an electric backing band

Bob Dylan left the spotlight in 1966 after:

a motorcycle accident

The Byrds were based in:

Los Angeles

The Byrds wrote:

SOME of their own music

"Positively 4th Street" is constructed in the following form:

simple verse-chorus

The Beach Boys and the Byrds shared:

Many of the same backing musicians

Tom and Jerry was an early name for:

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel

The guitar lick in the Byrds’ "Mr. Tambourine Man" was inspired by:

J.S. Bach

Which of the following groups wrote folk rock songs?

Barry McGuire Mamas & Papas The Turtles (ALL THE ABOVE)

The Crystals, the Righteous Brothers, and the Ronettes all had singles produced by:

Phil Spector

Who replaced Brian Wilson in the Beach Boys’ touring band?

Glen Campbell

The repeated figure in the bass of "California Girls" seems borrowed from:

"Happy Trails"

Between 1964 and 1966, Brian Wilson:

Began to become much more musically ambitious

Before creating the duo of Sonny and Cher, Sonny Bono:

Worked closely with Phil Spector

Sonny and Cher were important for their:

Fashion sense

An important Los Angeles artist to release a string of popular live albums during the 1960s was:

Johnny Rivers

In 1966, the Lovin’ Spoonful was based in:

New York

The Red Bird music label was used to release which of the following songs:

"The Boy from New York City" "Chapel of Love" "Leader of the Pack" (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

"Louie, Louie" was released by:

Richard Berry The Kingsmen Paul Revere and the Raiders (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Cannibal and the Headhunters, the Count Five, and ? and the Mysterians are all examples of:

Garage Bands

What is the most difficult thing to decipher in the KINGSMEN’S "Louie, Louie"?

The Lyrics

The Monkees were created in the mold of:

The Beatles

The feel of "Last Train to Clarksville" is that of a:

Country two-step

The Monkees:

In SOME cases performed their own music

Robert Johnson

Rural Blues – Solo Singer – Acoustic Guitar – Influenced many future Rock & Roll artists – Master of Mississippi Delta Blues – 1930’s

Bing Crosby

Film Actor – Many hit recordings – Hosted a variety show – Mainstream Pop

Judy Garland

Vaudeville Actress – Singer – "Somewhere Over The Rainbow" (example of Tin Pan Alley songwriting form)

Les Paul

Jazz, Country & Blues Guitarist – Pioneer of electric guitar (which made rock and roll sound possible) – Recorded with wife Mary Ford

Alan Freed

DJ of The Moondog Show (rock oriented radio show in Cleveland) – Later created "The Rock and Roll Party" (a nationally controlled concert tour, films and television dance show)

Sam Phillips

Producer and DJ – Founded Sun Records – Discovered Elvis, Johnny Cash, and Jerry Lee Lewis – Gave birth to rock and roll

Sun Records

Independent rhythm and blues label in Memphis – Founded by Sam Phillips – Clients like Elvis, Cash, and Jerry Lee Lewis

Jerry Leiber

Songwriter of many rhythm and blues hits – "Hound Dog"

Dick Clark

DJ – Later known host for TV show "American Bandstand"

Brill Building

Place and Record Label – Influenced Beatles and Monkees – Teen Pop Music – Aldon Music – Artist was not at center of process, return to business standard before rock – Brill Building + country = Rockabilly Pop

Phil Spector

Producer – Girl Group Pop – Worked under Leiber and Stroller – Signature "Wall of Sound" – American Pop

Mersey

Music publication in Liverpool, England – Newspaper – Closely associated with The Beatles

Berry Gordy

Songwriter and Later a Producer – Founded Motown Record Label – Promoted Black Artists

George Martin

Producer – Beatles – Highly involved with music arrangement- Classical Training

Family Dog

Group of friends who organized psychedelic dances

Bethel, NY

Hosted Woodstock (the peak of the psychedelic era) – massive group represented power of counterculture

What two things have happened by 1959?

1.Major rock and roll starts gone. Chuck berry in jail, little richard became and minister, Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and Big Bopper die in plane crash, Elvis in the army, Jerry Lee Lewis blacklisted for marrying his cousin 2. the payola scandal

First rock and roll hit/ chart topper

Bill Haley’s "rock around the clock"

Rock and Roll added to 50’s culture 3 ways

1. it helped integration 2. it gave voice to teenage generation 3. By giving voice to teenagers, separates from parents (rebellion)

What two major record companies were the most important in signing emerging 50’s rock singers?

sun records chess records

what three styles took the place of rock and roll for teens?

Clean Rock Surf Music Folk Music

What is Riff?

A short, rhythmic pattern which is repeated.

Rhythm and Blues has 4 important characteristics

1. up-tempo rhythm 2. the blues influence 3.the electric guitar 4. the 4-voiced vocal group

rock/ rockabilly

mostly r and b influenced rock rock with heavy country influence

The Coasters

The group that integrated social issues (commentary) with comedy in their music.

Dick Dale

Who was the king of surf guitar?

In Great Britain, what kind of music inspired thousands to play guitar?

Skiffle

How did "The Greatest Hit Machine" effect Rock and Roll’s evolution?

It established a musical foundation for Rock and Roll and the sound Motown is known for

Why are the Funk Brothers reffered to as "The Shadows of Motown"?

Nameless musicians that recorded most of the Motown music

What was Berry Gordy’s first number one hit?

"Please Mr. Postman"

What did Berry Gordy call the building where he had his studio?

Hitsville USA

Who was Maxine Powell and what did she do?

The charm school teacher who ran the Motown Finishing school

Which musician set the tone for black music in the 1960’s?

Ray Charles

Why wasn’t the Velvet Underground accepted by the West Coast?

Their music was too dark and "evil" for the happy lifestyles of California and the message they delivered was unwanted

Velvet Underground inspired which group and their leader?

The Doors and Jim Morrison