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What does Galileo’s law of inertia state? |
That the motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object |
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Which of the following was NOT one of the three main concepts at the center of Enlightenment thinking? |
theology |
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World explanation in the 15th and 16th centuries encouraged new knowledge by creating new instruments of navigation, including what new invention? |
telescope |
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What was Copernicus’ primary reason for rejecting the Ptolemaic model of the solar system? |
he felt that it was too unwieldy to be part of God’s harmonious creation |
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What was Catherine the Great’s most significant territorial triumph? |
the partition of Poland |
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Locke’s ideas about how the human mind learns are based on the theory of which of the following? |
experience |
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The triangular trade of the 18th century linked Europe to Africa and to what country? |
the United States |
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Which Enlightenment thinker argued in favor of separating and sharing political power? |
Baron de Montesquieu |
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The Scientific Revolution’s enthusiasm to classify and "order" nature led to a new practice of grouping people by what? |
race |
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Who puts the works of Copernicus and Kepler on a list of forbidden books in 1616? |
the Holy Office of the Catholic Church |
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Rousseau’s Social Contract was based on what two fundamental concepts? |
general will and popular sovereignty |
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What was an important result of the Pugachev Rebellion? |
Catherine gave the nobles more power over their serfs |
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What did John Locke claim in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding? |
that all ideas are derived from experience |
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Which of these was Montesquieu’s most famous work? |
The Spirit of the Laws |
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How did humanists of the 15th century help provide a foundation for the Scientific Revolution? |
they emphasized the value of of acquiring practical knowledge |
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Which of the following was NOT one of the major European countries involved in the Atlantic economy growth? |
Russia |
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Voltaire thought that ordinary men… |
were incapable of governing themselves |
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What was Frederick the Great’s attitude toward religion? |
he was tolerant of individual beliefs |
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The consumer revolution came about in part because of… |
cheap production and colonial trade |
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The Haskalah movement advocated for which of the following: |
religious freedom and civil rights for European Jews |
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Which of the following did the German philosopher Immanuel Kant argue was fundamental to the success of the Enlightenment? |
serious thinkers must have the freedom to exercise their reason publicly in print |
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What was an important belief of Frederick the Great? |
he accepted and supported the concept of serfdom |
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According to the Aristotelian view of the universe, … |
the Earth was motionless |
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Which of these was one of Galileo Galilei’s greatest achievements? |
the discovery of the moons of Jupiter |
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How did Andreas Vesalius use the experimental approach in medicine? |
he studied anatomy by dissecting human bodies |
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How did Galileo help prove Copernicus’ theories true? |
he discovered that Jupiter had at least four moons |
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Johannes Kepler was the assistant of what famous astronomer? |
Tycho Brache |
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How did Johannes Kepler refine the Copernican model of the solar system? |
he hypothesized elliptical orbits for the planets |
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What policy of Peter the Great did Catherine the Great of Russia try to continue? |
bringing Western European culture to Russia |
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Which 2 men are generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method? |
Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon |
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What did Jean-Jaques Rosseau say about women in regard to their role on society? |
they were naturally passive and should stay at home and care for children |
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What was the Pugachev Rebellion of 1733? |
an insurrection of Russian serfs against Catherine the Great |
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Isaac Newton’s theories were based on the principle that the motions of the universe could be explained through which of the following: |
mathematics |
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What did David Hume believe about ideas? |
they can only reflect one’s sensory experience |
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Which of the following did empiricism emphasize? |
acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation |
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Baruch Spinoza believed that God was the same thing as which of the following: |
nature |
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A major contribution to the increase in population after 1750 was the addition of what to people’s diets |
potatoes |
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Tycho Brahe is best known for which of the following? |
his massive collection of astronomical data |
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The work of which ancient Greek scholar laid the foundation for early modern knowledge about the earth |
Ptomely |
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Religiously, how could both Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson be described? |
deists |
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Copernicus feared his hypothesis that the earth rotated around the sun would draw the sharpest criticism of whom? |
astronomers |
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Many Enlightenment thinkers believed which of the following? |
that the methods of science should be used to examine all aspects of life |
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Which enlighted ruler abolished serfdom? |
Joseph II |
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According to Galen’s theory of the 4 humors, what caused bodily illness? |
an imbalance among the humors |
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Creole refers to people of Spanish ancestry born in _____. |
America |
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Who was tried for heresy for defending Copernicus and the heliocentric theory? |
Galileo |
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How did the German thinker Gottfried Lebniz perceive God and the world? |
He believed them to be harmonious ad divine plan |
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The key feature of Newton’s most important work was the law of ___________. |
universal gravitation |
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One of the innovations of the medieval university was the introduction of algebra originally created by whom? |
Arabic and Persian mathematics |
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Who proposed the first great departure from the Aristotelian view of the universe? |
Nicolaus Copernicus |
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