Growth and Development Level 1

Which statement describes stage 2 of Kohlberg’s theory?

Correct1 The child recognizes that there is more than one correct view. 2 An adolescent chooses to avoid a party where they know beer will be served. 3 An individual wants to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group. 4 A child’s response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules. According to stage 2 of Kohlberg’s theory, a child recognizes that there is more than one correct view. An adolescent who chooses not to attend a party where beer will be served because they know this is wrong is acting according to stage 4. Stage 3 states that an individual wants to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group. During stage 1, a child’s response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules.

For which pediatric client should the nurse use the Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) as a developmental screening tool during a health maintenance assessment?

1 A 2-week old newborn client Correct2 A 15-month-old toddler client 3 A 6-year-old school-age client 4 A 14-year-old adolescent client The ASQ developmental screening tool is appropriate to use for pediatric clients from 1 month to 4.5 years of age. The nurse would use this screening tool for the 15-month-old toddler. The other clients are not within the age range for the use of the ASQ screening tool.

According to Piaget’s theory, which of these statements about the period of concrete operations is true?

1 A child develops a scheme for dealing with the environment. Correct2 A child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. 3 A child has the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. 4 A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. According to Piaget’s theory, a child is able to describe a process without actually carrying it out in the concrete operations period. A child develops a scheme for dealing with the environment during the sensorimotor period. A child gains the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities during the formal operations period. A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does during the preoperational period.

thelarche

Correct1 Appearance of breast buds 2 Occurrence of gynecomastia 3 Growth of hair on mons pubis 4 Occurrence of menstrual cycle The appearance of breast buds is considered to be an initial indication of puberty and is known as thelarche. A few months after thelarche, growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis occurs. This is known as adrenarche. The occurrence of the first menstrual cycle is known as menarche. Temporary gynecomastia is seen in some boys during mid-puberty.

While performing the physical assessment of an infant, the nurse notices the infant has developed a color preference for red and yellow. What is most likely to be the age of the infant?

1 4 weeks 2 8 weeks 3 15 weeks Correct4 20 weeks An infant develops a color preference for yellow and red between 20 to 28 weeks of age. At 4 weeks, the infant can follow a range of 90 degrees. Between 6 to 12 weeks of age, the infant develops peripheral vision to 180 degrees. Between 12 to 20 weeks of age, the infant is able to accommodate to near objects.

What are the goals of organized athletics for preadolescent children?

Correct1 A life-long enjoyment of fitness. 2 A physical examination every two years. 3 The use of appropriate safety equipment. 4 Participation in warm-up exercises prior to physical activity. A goal for organized athletics for school-age children is a life-long enjoyment of fitness. A physical examination every two years, the use of appropriate safety equipment, and participating in warm-up exercises prior to physical activity are all safe guards for athletic programs.

A 14-month-old toddler is able to recognize the shapes of objects and fit smaller boxes into larger boxes. Which type of cognitive development does this action indicate?

1 Domestic mimicry 2 Causal relationship Correct3 Spatial relationship 4 Object permanence The toddler’s ability to recognize the shapes of objects and fit smaller boxes in larger boxes indicates awareness of spatial relationships. If the toddler is acutely aware of others’ actions and attempts to copy them in gestures and words, it indicates domestic mimicry. When the toddler explores an object each time it appears in a new place, it indicates an awareness of causal relationships. If the toddler understands that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed in the same place, it indicates an awareness of object permanence.

What is the expected average weight for a 6-month-old child?

1 680 g (1.5 lb) Correct2 7.26 kg (16 lb) 3 11.34 kg (25 lb) 4 9.75 kg (21.5 lb) The average weight of a 6-month-old child is 7.26 kg (16 lb). The average weight gain in an infant is 680 g (1.5 lb) per month until age 5 months, when the birth weight has at least doubled. The average weight of a 6-month-old child is not as high as 11.34 kg (25 lb). The average weight of a 1-year-old child is 9.75 kg (21.5 lb).

Which school-age client does the nurse anticipate will experience sibling rivalry as a source of stress?

1 A 9-year-old male Incorrect2 A 7-year-old male Correct3 A 6-year-old female 4 An 8-year-old female A 6-year-old school-age client is most likely to experience sibling rivalry as a source of stress. The 9-year old, 7-year-old, and 8-year-old are not as likely to experience sibling rivalry as a source of stress.

According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which stage is a part of conventional reasoning?

Incorrect1 Social contract orientation Correct2 Society-maintaining orientation 3 Instrument relativist orientation 4 Universal ethical principle orientation In Kohlberg’s theory, the society-maintaining orientation is stage 4 of conventional reasoning. Social contract orientation is stage 5 of postconventional reasoning. Instrument relativist orientation is stage 2 of preconventional reasoning. Universal ethical principle orientation is stage 6 of postconventional reasoning.

At which stage of development should the nurse anticipate that pediatric clients will begin to show differences in play activities that are related to gender?

Incorrect1 Preschool 2 Adolescence Correct3 Late school-age 4 Early school-age During the late school-age years, the nurse should anticipate that pediatric clients will begin to show differences in play activities that are related to gender. There will be very few differences in play activities related to gender during the preschool stage of development. Adolescence involves different social, not play, activities related to gender. The early school-age client will exhibit the same types of play activities related to gender as the preschool-age child.

n which settings should the nurse prepare to administer developmental assessment for pediatric clients? Select all that apply.

Correct1 Home Correct2 School Correct3 Hospital Correct4 Daycare center Incorrect5 Assisted living center Pediatric developmental assessments are performed in many settings, including the home, school, hospital, and daycare center environments. It is unlikely that a pediatric developmental assessment would be performed in an assisted living center.

According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, what is the correct order of a child’s activities?

Incorrect 1. The child develops egocentrism and animism. Incorrect 2. The child demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness. Correct 3. The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. Incorrect 4. The child develops action pattern for dealing with the environment. During the first period (the sensorimotor stage), a child develops an action pattern for dealing with the environment. During the second period (known as the preoperational stage), a child develops egocentrism in that they see objects and persons from only his or her point of view. During this stage, children also demonstrate animism, in which they personify objects. During the next stage (concrete operations stage), a child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. During the last period (formal operations stage), a child demonstrates feelings and behavior characterized by self-consciousness.

Which theory states that a child’s growth pattern is related to gene activity?

Correct1 Gesell’s theory 2 Piaget’s theory Incorrect3 Erikson’s theory 4 Havinghurst’s theory Gesell’s theory of development states that each child’s pattern of growth is unique and that this pattern is directed by gene activity. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development comprises four periods related to age: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development states that an individual needs to accomplish a particular task before mastering the stage and progressing to the next one. Havinghurst’s theory of stage crisis is based on developmental tasks. This theory incorporates three primary sources for developmental tasks: tasks that surface because of physical maturation, tasks that evolve from personal values, and tasks that are a result of pressures from society.

What is the similarity between Havinghurst’s stage-crisis theory and Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?

Correct1 Both theories are based on developmental tasks. Incorrect2 Both theories incorporate eight stages of development. 3 Both theories are based on psychosexual development. 4 Both theories emphasize that a child’s growth is directed by gene activity. Both stage-crisis theory and psychosocial development theory are based on developmental tasks. Both theories teach that the successful resolution of a developmental task is essential for a successful progression through life. The stage-crisis theory has six stages whereas the psychosocial development theory has eight stages of development. Freud’s theory is based on psychosexual development. Gesell’s theory of development suggests that development of child is directed by gene activity.

Which formula is most preferable for a child who has lactose intolerance?

Correct1 Soy-based formula 2 Whey hydrolysate formula 3 Cow’s milk-based formula 4 Amino acid-based formula Soy-based formula is a commercially available formula that has a high amount of protein but does not contain lactose. Amino acid-based formula is preferable for a child who has food allergies. However, it is not the most preferable formula for the child with lactose intolerance. Whey hydrolysate formula and cow’s milk-based formula contain high amounts of lactose.

Which statement correctly describes the initiative versus guilt stage?

Correct1 Individuals like to pretend and try out new roles. 2 Individuals are more accomplished in some basic self-care activities. 3 Individuals show marked preoccupation with appearance and body image. 4 Individuals are eager to apply themselves to learning socially productive skills and tools. During the initiative versus guilt stage, a child likes to pretend and try out new roles. A child is more accomplished in some basic self-care activities during the autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt stage. During the identity versus role confusion stage, an individual shows marked preoccupation with appearance and body image. During the industry versus inferiority stage, a child is eager to apply himself or herself to learning socially productive skills and tools.

Which stage of development classifies boys and girls as differing very little in terms of size?

1 Toddler Incorrect2 Preschool Correct3 School-age 4 Adolescence During the school-age stage of development, boys and girl differ very little in terms of size. During the toddler, preschool, and adolescence stages of development boys are often larger than girls.

cording to Freud’s theory, in what order do the stages of child development occur?

Correct 1. Oral Correct 2. Anal Correct 3. Oedipal Correct 4. Latency Correct 5. Genital Freud’s theory sets forth five stages of child development. The oral stage (stage 1) spans the period from birth to 12 to 18 months. The anal stage (stage 2) occurs between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. The Oedipal stage (stage 3) occurs between 3 and 6 years of age. The latency stage (stage 4) occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Finally, the genital stage (stage 5) lasts from puberty through adulthood.

If hearing loss is detected early, proper intervention can help a child achieve normal language development. What is the latest age that hearing loss should be detected to ensure that a child achieves normal language development? Record your answer using a whole number. ______________ months

If a healthcare provider detects hearing loss before the child is THREE months old and an intervention is initiated within six months, the child can achieve normal language development.

The nurse is discussing the neurologic reflexes seen in an infant with the parents. Which reflex will the nurse state as being present indefinitely?

1 Landau Correct2 Parachute 3 Body righting 4 Neck righting The parachute reflex appears at 7 to 9 months and persists indefinitely. The Landau reflex appears at 6 to 8 months and lasts until 12 to 24 months. Body righting appears at 6 months and lasts until 24 to 36 months. Neck righting appears at 3 months and lasts until 24 to 36 months.

Which is an inborn error of metabolism that affects growth and development?

1 Cystic fibrosis 2 Achondroplasia Incorrect3 Turner syndrome Correct4 Hunter syndrome Hunter syndrome is an inborn error of metabolism that hinders development and results in altered physical appearance and impaired mental development. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that results in accumulation of mucus in the lungs and pancreas. Achondroplasia is a congenital disorder that is a common cause for the structural defect called dwarfism. Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality associated with webbed neck and low-set ears.

According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship?

1 Puberty Correct2 Conflict resolution 3 Acquisition of new skills 4 Loss of self in another person According to Freud, an individual must resolve conflict prior to having a mature adult sexual relationship. Puberty is required for sexual function but not a mature adult sexual relationship. The acquisition of new skills and losing self in another person are characteristics of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development.

At which stage of Kohlberg’s theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one’s immediate group?

Correct1 Good boy-nice girl orientation Incorrect2 Society-maintaining orientation 3 Instrumental relativist orientation 4 Universal ethical principle orientation The good boy-good girl orientation stage involves an individual who wants to win the approval and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group. During the society-maintaining orientation stage, an individual expands focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns. The instrumental relativist orientation stage involves a child who wants to follow his or her parent’s rules. The universal ethical principle orientation stage defines "right" by the decision of conscience according to self-chosen ethical principles.

Which actions demonstrate fine motor skills? Select all that apply.

1 Crawling Incorrect2 Creeping 3 Sitting erect Correct4 Holding a rattle Correct5 Picking up objects Correct6 Holding a baby bottle Holding a rattle, picking up objects, and holding a baby bottle are demonstrations of fine-motor skills. Gross-motor skills include crawling, creeping, and sitting erect.

How much does the head circumference increase per month from 4 to 6 months of age?

Correct1 1 cm (0.4 inch) 2 2 cm (0.75 inch) 3 0.5 cm (0.2 inch) 4 3.5 cm (1.38 inch) Head circumference increases approximately 1 cm (0.4 inch) per month from 4 to 6 months of age. Head circumference increases approximately 2 cm (0.75 inch) per month from birth to 3 months of age. It increases approximately 0.5 cm (0.2 inch) per month during the second 6 months. It does not increase as fast as by 3.5 cm (1.38 inch) at any time during infancy.

When should the nurse anticipate that the school-age client will have all primary teeth?

Incorrect1 5 years of age Correct2 6 years of age 3 7 years of age 4 8 years of age The nurse anticipates that the school-age client will have all primary teeth by the age of 6 years. The nurse would not anticipate this for a 5-year-old client. The nurse would anticipate that the 7- and 8-year-old client will begin losing primary teeth; therefore, these clients would not have all of their primary teeth.

At which age should the nurse assess the school-age client for mastery of the concept of conservation of volume?

1 6 years 2 7 years 3 8 years Correct4 9 years Mastery of the concept of conservation of volume occurs between the ages of 9 and 12 years; therefore, the nurse would include this in the assessment for the 9-year-old school-age client. Volume conservation is not assessed for the 6-, 7-, or 8-year-old school-age child.

The parents of a preschooler inform the nurse that their child often develops diarrhea and ask whether there might be anything wrong with the child’s stomach. Upon assessment, the nurse also finds that the child has poor oral care and is at risk for dental caries. What is the most probable cause for the child’s health issues?

1 The family often consumes fast foods. 2 The parents neglect the child’s dietary needs. 3 The family does not follow hygienic practices. Correct4 The child consumes excessive amounts of fruit juice. If the child consumes excessive fruit juice or sweetened beverages, it increases the risk for dental caries and gastrointestinal conditions, such as chronic diarrhea. Consuming fast foods often result in childhood obesity, because fast foods are high in fats and starches. Neglecting the dietary needs or not following hygienic practices may cause gastrointestinal problems or make the child susceptible to infections.

What developmental skills does a preschooler exhibit? Select all that apply.

1 Personal identity Correct2 Specific reasoning Correct3 Increased curiosity Correct4 Magical thinking 5 Understanding of others Preschoolers begin to engage in specific reasoning and become curious. Preschoolers’ thinking is often described as magical thinking. Between the ages of 12 and 36 months, toddlers start thinking of the self as separate from the mother. School-age children around the age of 12 years start concentrating on more than one aspect of a situation. They also start understanding different points of view.

What is true about the preoperational period of Piaget’s theory?

1 The child develops a scheme for dealing with the environment. 2 The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. Incorrect3 The child has the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. Correct4 The child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. According to Piaget’s theory, children believe that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do during the preoperational period. Children develop a scheme for dealing with the environment during the sensorimotor period. Children are able to describe a process without actually doing it during the concrete operations period. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities during the formal operations period.

Who completes the developmental questionnaire for a pediatric client who is being assessed using the Developmental (ASQ-3) screening?

Who completes the developmental questionnaire for a pediatric client who is being assessed using the Developmental (ASQ-3) screening?

When does the anterior fontanel of an infant close?

1 At 4 to 10 months 2 At 8 to 12 months Correct3 At 12 to 18 months Incorrect4 At 18 to 26 months The anterior fontanel usually closes between 12 and 18 months.

At what age does a child start to crawl?

1 3 months 2 5 months 3 7 months Correct4 9 months At the age of 9 months, a child starts to crawl along the floor and can pull himself or herself to a standing or sitting position. At the age of 3 months, a child can lift his or her head and chest and is able to sit erect with support. At the age of 5 months, a child can support much of his or her own weight when pulled to stand. At the age of 7 months, a child can sit alone without support, can bear his or her full weight on his or her feet, and can hold on to furniture. .

Which period of Piaget’s theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents?

1 Sensorimotor 2 Preoperational Correct3 Formal operations 4 Concrete operations Formal operations is the fourth period of Piaget’s theory. During this period, there is a prevalence of egocentric thought. This egocentricity leads adolescents to demonstrate feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness. The sensorimotor period is the first period of Piaget’s theory. In this period, infants develop a schema or action pattern for dealing with the environment. The preoperational period is the second period. During this time, children learn to think with the use of symbols and mental images. Concrete operations is the third period of Piaget’s theory. During this period, children are able to coordinate two concrete perspectives in social and scientific thinking.

Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud’s psychoanalytic model of personality development?

1 During this stage, genital organs are the focus of pleasure. Correct2 During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities. 3 During this stage, an infant begins to think that his or her parent is separate from the self. 4 During this stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle. During the latency stage, Freud believed that sexual urges from the earlier Oedipal stage are repressed and channeled into productive activities that are socially acceptable. During the phallic stage, the genital organs are the focus of pleasure. During the oral stage, infants begin to think that the parent is something separate from the self. During the genital stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle.

Which fine motor skill should the nurse expect when assessing the development of an infant between 10 and 12 months of age?

Correct1 Holds a crayon 2 Walks with assistance 3 Stands independently 4 Sits from a standing position The ability to hold a crayon is a fine motor skill that the nurse should expect when conducting a developmental assessment for an infant between 10 to 12 months of age. Walking with assistance, standing alone, and sitting from a standing position are all gross motor skills the nurse would anticipate for this infant.

According to Kohlberg’s theory, which stage comes before the society-maintaining orientation stage?

1 Social contract orientation Correct2 Good boy-nice girl orientation 3 Instrumental relativist orientation 4 Punishment and obedience orientation According to Kohlberg’s theory, the "good boy-nice girl orientation" phase (stage 3) occurs before the "society-maintaining orientation" phase (stage 4). "Social contract orientation" is the fifth stage. "Instrumental relativist orientation" is the second stage.

What should the nurse anticipate, according to Erikson, when assessing a school-age child? Select all that apply.

Correct1 Being engaged in tasks 2 Questioning sexual identity 3 Having highly imaginative thoughts Correct4 Wanting to participate in organized activities 5 Struggling with self-control and independence The nurse would anticipate that the school-age child would want to be engaged in tasks and participate in organized activities. Questioning sexual identity is expected for the adolescent. The nurse would anticipate that a preschool-age child would have highly imaginative thoughts, according to Erikson. Struggling with self-control and independence is expected for the toddler-age child.

Which age should the nurse teach the parents of a school-age client to expect mandibular second molars to erupt?

Incorrect1 7 to 8 years 2 9 to 10 years 3 10 to 12 years Correct4 11 to 13 years Mandibular second molars often erupt between 11 and 13 years of age. The maxillary central incisor is expected to erupt between 7 and 8 years of age. The mandibular cuspids are expected to erupt between 9 and 10 years of age. The mandibular second bicuspids are expected to erupt between 11 to 12 years of age. Topics

Which period of Piaget’s theory describes the idea of object permanence?

Correct1 Sensorimotor period 2 Preoperational period 3 Formal operations period 4 Concrete operations period There are four periods of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. The first period is the sensorimotor period; this period describes object permanence. During the ages of birth to 2 years old, the child understands that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. The second period is the preoperational period, which is observed in children between the ages of 2 and 7 years. During this time, children learn to think about the use of symbols and have mental images. The third period is the concrete operations period, which is observed between the ages of 7 and 11 years. During this period, the child thinks about an action before performing it. The formal operations period is the fourth period, which is observed in children from the ages of 11 years old throughout adulthood. During this period, there is a prevalence of egocentric thought.

How many days is the neonatal period? Record your answer using whole numbers. __________ days

The neonatal period is the first 28 days of life.

What type of development is described under Freud’s theory?

1 Cognition development 2 Psychosocial development Correct3 Psychosexual development 4 Moral reasoning development Freud’s psychoanalytic model of personality development sets forth five stages of psychosexual development. Each stage is characterized by sexual pleasure in a part of the body: the mouth, the anus, and the genitals. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development includes four periods that are related to age and demonstrate specific categories of knowing and understanding. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, an individual needs to accomplish a particular task before mastering the stage and progressing to the next one. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development expands on Piaget’s cognitive theory.

What stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience?

1 Social contract orientation 2 Society-maintaining orientation 3 Instrumental relativist orientation Correct4 Universal ethical principle orientation Kohlberg’s theory of moral development consists of six stages. Universal ethical principle orientation is the sixth stage. It defines "right" by the decision of the conscience in accordance with self-chosen ethical principles. Social contract orientation is the fifth stage of Kohlberg’s theory. During this stage, an individual follows societal law but recognizes the possibility of changing the law to improve society. Society-maintaining orientation stage is the fourth stage. Individuals expand their focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns during this stage. Instrumental relativist orientation is the second stage. In this stage, the child recognizes that there is more than one right view.

The student nurse is learning about the developmental characteristics of vision. Which major developmental characteristics does an infant start exhibiting around age 6 weeks? Select all that apply.

Correct1 Having binocular vision 2 Having doll’s eye reflex 3 Having visual acuity 20/40 to 20/60 Correct4 Having peripheral vision to 180 degree 5 Having strabismus if binocular vision is absent Beginning at age 6 weeks, the infant has binocular vision, which becomes well established by age 4 months. Within 6 to 12 weeks, the infant has peripheral vision to 180 degrees. An infant has doll’s eye reflex at birth, and it disappears within age 6 to 12 weeks. Visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/60 does not develop until age 44 to 52 weeks. Lack of binocular vision indicates strabismus at age 28 to 44 weeks. While binocular vision generally develops by age 6 weeks, a lack of this development at this age is not indicative of strabismus.

The nurse is assessing the development of a male child and finds that the child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism. Which chromosomal notation is associated with the child’s condition?

1 45,XO 2 47,XXX 3 47,XYY Correct4 48,XXXY The male child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism, indicating Klinefelter syndrome. The chromosomal abnormality present in the child is denoted as 48,XXXY. The chromosomal complement 45,XO is seen in children with Turner syndrome. A child with Turner syndrome will have short stature and a webbed neck. The 47,XXX chromosomal complement indicates that the child has triple X, or superfemale, chromosomal abnormality. This condition is associated with impaired language and mental capacity. A child with the chromosomal complement 47,XYY has Jacobs XYY chromosomal abnormality, which is associated with normal sexual development and aggressive sexual tendencies.

By which age do children develop binocularity?

Incorrect1 8 to 9 weeks Correct2 3 to 4 months 3 7 to 8 months 4 9 to 12 months Children develop binocularity (the ability to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously) by 3 to 4 months. Children are not able to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously as early as 8 to 9 weeks. Children learn to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously earlier than 7 to 8 months, or 9 to 12 months.

Which school-age client should the nurse assess for symptoms related to burnout?

1 7-year-old 2 8-year-old 3 9-year-old Correct4 10-year-old The school-age client between the ages of 10 to 12 years often becomes overinvolved with activities leading to burnout; therefore, the nurse should assess the 10-year-old client for clinical manifestations associated with burnout. The other school-age clients (7 years, 8 years, and 9 years) do not often become overinvolved in activities leading to burnout.

Which type of prehension is exhibited by a 5-month-old infant?

Correct1 The grasp is palmar. 2 Hands are mostly open. 3 The grasp is a crude pincer. 4 Hands are predominantly closed. A 5-month-old infant is able to voluntarily grasp an object using the whole hand; this is called a palmar grasp. At 3 months of age, the hands are mostly open. By 8 to 9 months of age the infant uses a crude pincer grasp, using the thumb and index finger. At 1 month of age the hands are predominantly closed.

Which fine motor skill should be seen in a 10-month-old infant?

Correct1 Picking up finger foods 2 Releasing a cube in a cup 3 Building towers of two blocks 4 Turning many pages in a book When an infant is 10 months old, the pincer grasp is well established, which helps the infant pick up finger foods. When an infant is 11 months, the infant should have a neat pincer grasp and be able to release a cube in a cup. One-year-old infants can build a tower of two blocks and turn many pages in a book.

What gross motor skill is found in children between two to four months of age?

1 The child can creep on its hands and knees. 2 The child has predominant inborn reflexes. 3 The child can sit alone without any kind of support. Correct4 The child can bear weight on forearms when prone. A child between two and four months of age is able to bear his or her weight on the forearms when in the prone position. A child between eight and 10 months of age can creep on their hands and knees. A child between birth and one month has predominant inborn reflexes. A child between six and eight months of age can sit alone without support.

Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply.

Correct1 Webbed neck 2 Impaired language 3 Tall stature with long legs Correct4 Low position of posterior hairline Correct5 Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality seen in females in which an X chromosome is partly or completely absent. The clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome include a webbed neck, low posterior hairline, and shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples. Impaired language skills are seen in clients with triple X or superfemale syndrome. The client with Turner syndrome has short stature. Tall stature with long legs is a finding in Klinefelter syndrome.