Genetic Code

Which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?

A. genes
B. chromosomes
C. proteins
D. codons

A. genes

If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms?

A. The order of the codons differs between organisms.
B. The order of the codons is the same between organisms.
C. The codons in each organism are the same.
D. The codons in each organism differ.

A. The order of the codons differs between organisms.

`DNA replication allows the basic units of heredity found on segments of DNA, called ________, to be passed on from parent to offspring.

Genes

Who is credited with creating the first accurate model of DNA?

A. Rosalind Franklin
B. Friedrich Miescher
C. James Watson and Francis Crick
D. Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei

C. James Watson and Francis Crick

What is one benefit of mapping the human genome?

A. locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease
B. having the genomes of every living individual on file
C. choosing the gender or intellectual ability of an unborn child
D. cloning the individuals that comprise a nearly extinct tribe

A. locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease

Rosalind Franklin is famous for which contribution to the study of DNA?

A. creation of an accurate model of DNA structure
B. creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure
C. identification of a pattern in ratios of DNA bases
D. identification of DNA in bandages that contained pus

B. creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure

Which is a goal of the Human Genome Project?

A. to identify the 3 billion genes that comprise the human genome
B. to sequence the genome of every living individual
C. to address the ethical consequences of genomic research
D. to establish a population of human clones

C. to address the ethical consequences of genomic research

Who first identified DNA?

A. Rosalind Franklin
B. Erwin Chargaff
C. Friedrich Miescher
D. James Watson

C. Friedrich Miescher

Which best describes the outcome of DNA replication?

A. The new DNA molecule consists of one strand of DNA.
B. The new DNA molecule accumulates a new strand of DNA with each replication.
C. The new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand of DNA.
D. The new DNA molecule contains new DNA, and the old molecule keeps the old DNA.

C. The new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand of DNA.

Organisms inherit specific traits and characteristics from their parents. Albinism is an inherited disorder that occurs when an organism is unable to produce or distribute melanin. Melanin is a substance in the body that helps determine skin color, hair color, and eye color.

Which of the following is responsible for passing albinism from a parent organism to its offspring?

A. base pairs
B. genes
C. proteins
D. codons

B. genes

Which of the following incorrectly matches the term with its location?

A. DNA is found in a chromosome.
B. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell.
C. Genes are located in a nucleotide.
D. Nitrogen bases are located in the central rungs of a DNA ladder.

C. Genes are located in a nucleotide.

In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?

A. James Watson and Francis Crick
B. Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei
C. Rosalind Franklin
D. Erwin Chargaff

A. James Watson and Francis Crick

As DNA is replicated, which DNA base pair will bond to cytosine?

A. adenine
B. thymine
C. cytosine
D. guanine

D. guanine

What was Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei’s contribution to our current understanding of the genetic code?

A. discovery of codons
B. discovery and extraction of DNA
C. creation of a model of DNA
D. creation of Photo 51

A. discovery of codons