FSHN Exam 3 NEW practice questions

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants be given what kind of supplement to decrease the risk of developing rickets?
zinc
protein
vitamin C
vitamin D

Vitamin D

Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian’s dehydrated condition?
Fluid will be lost from the extracellular fluid compartment.
The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
The intracellular fluid will leave the cells creating a fluid imbalance.
The fluid imbalance will result in an irregular heartbeat.

The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low

Which of the following statements is F regarding vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
Vitamin B12 is easily obtained by consuming animal food sources.
The RDA for vitamin B12 doubles during pregnancy.
Vegan women are at risk for developing a vitamin B12 deficiency during this time.
Vitamin B12 absorption is very efficient during pregnancy.

The RDA for vitamin B12 doubles during pregnancy.

Which of these actions does NOT help retain the vitamins in foods?
soaking foods in as little water as possible
avoiding cooking with high heat
avoiding exposure to air and light
adding baking soda to vegetables to retain color

adding baking soda to vegetables to retain color

Which of the following would NOT be good advice to give to a parent regarding the introduction of solids to their six-month-old infant?
Add honey to cereal and fruit to improve infant acceptance of these new foods.
Introduce one new food at a time and watch for signs of allergies.
Iron-fortified rice cereal is the first food to introduce to your infant.
Select commercial baby foods that are low in sodium or sugar.

Add honey to cereal and fruit to improve infant acceptance of these new foods.

Fetal demand for iron is highest during the
first trimester.
second trimester.
third trimester.
entire gestational period.

third trimester

Prothrombin and factor VII are
hormones that regulate the pH of the blood.
proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood.
cofactors of energy metabolism.
transport proteins that aid in the absorption of iron.

proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood.

The major electrolyte lost in sweat is
potassium.
phosphorus.
sodium.
chloride.

sodium

Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
The infant can sit up with or without support.
The infant’s tongue extrusion reflex has begun to abate.
The infant is at least six months old.
The infant has high stores of iron.

The infant has high stores of iron.

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
fat.
calcium.
fiber.
vitamin C.

fat.

The two electrolytes that enable nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and
chloride.
potassium.
phosphorus.
iron.

potassium

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B6 "umbrella" of compounds?
pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid
cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
phylloquinone and menaquinone

pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine

What is the region of the brain that regulates the sensation of thirst?
hippocampus
hypothalamus
cerebellum
pituitary gland

hypothalamus

Which is NOT a symptom of low blood pressure?
stroke
confusion
dizziness
lethargy

Stroke

A lack of intrinsic factor can lead to what form of anemia?
microcytic
pernicious
megaloblastic
sickle cell

pernicious

Which of the following conditions is NOT related to an electrolyte imbalance?
seizures
muscle cramps
heart attack
hypoglycemia

hypoglycemia

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
Bill, who has the flu and has been suffering from vomiting and diarrhea for three days
Mario, who has diabetes with a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL
Maria, who is a bulimic and vomits after every meal
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives

Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives

The transport protein for iron is
heme.
hemosiderin.
ferritin.
transferrin.

transferrin.

The hormones that prepare the breasts physically for lactation are estrogen, progesterone, and
colostrum.
prolactin.
galactose.
oxytocin.

prolactin

Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
carbohydrate.
protein.
phytic acid.
fat.

protein

A person suffering from fatigue, muscle wasting, and nerve damage is likely suffering from which of the following deficiency diseases?
cretinism
beriberi
pellagra
macrocytic anemia

beriberi

Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium?
1 medium fresh orange
1 cup of canned vegetable soup
1 large dill pickle
1 oz of potato chips

1 medium fresh orange

A fluid loss greater than what percentage of body weight can result in organ failure, coma, and death?
2 percent
3 percent
5 percent
8 percent

8 percent

Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with
folate.
niacin.
thiamin.
riboflavin.

niacin

Over-reliance on breast milk or formula by infants and children can limit iron intake and lead to
milk anemia.
sickle cell anemia.
macrocytic anemia.
iron-deficiency anemia.

milk anemia

Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
osteoporosis
colon cancer
hypertension
obesity

hypertension

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who
do not eat green vegetables.
avoid dairy products.
have a fat malabsorption disorder.
are overweight.

have a fat malabsorption disorder

A person exhibiting symptoms of impaired work performance, general fatigue, pale skin, depressed immune function, impaired cognitive and nerve function, and impaired memory is likely suffering from
pernicious anemia.
neural tube defects.
macrocytic anemia.
iron-deficiency anemia.

iron-deficiency anemia.

The inner portion of the zygote that implants in the uterine lining is called the
fetus.
blastocyst.
embryo.
placenta.

blastocyst.

What is fluid that is found in-between cells?
intracellular fluid
interstitial fluid
intravascular fluid
synovial fluid

interstitial fluid

The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
high fluid intake by the mother.
high protein intake by the mother.
infant suckling.
ovulation.

infant suckling

Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
iron
vitamin C
vitamin A
calcium

vitamin A

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?
liver
spleen
bone marrow
kidney

kidney

Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because
absorption of vitamin K from dietary sources is close to 100%.
most foods contain some vitamin K.
intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K.
the majority of people take vitamin K supplements.

intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K.

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?
citrus fruits
green leafy vegetables
milk
whole and enriched cereals and grains

Whole and enriched cereals and grains

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
vitamins A and D
vitamins C and K
vitamins E and B12
thiamin and riboflavin

vitamins A and D

A dietary supplement would NOT contain
vitamins and minerals.
herbs or other botanicals.
amino acids.
soil samples.

soil samples.

Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
pregnant women and the elderly
adolescents and children
infants and pregnant women
infants and the elderly

infants and the elderly

Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes?
delivery of a low birth weight infant
increased maternal risk of developing type 2 diabetes
increased fetal risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life
increased fetal risk of developing type 2 diabetes

delivery of a low birth weight infant

A water-treatment method in which water is filtered through a screen to eliminate chemical contaminants and microorganisms is called what?
micron filtration
ozonation filtration
reverse filtration
distillation filtration

micron filtration

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
heme.
oxalic acid.
phenol.
pyridoxine.

oxalic acid

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?
less than or equal to 10
less than or equal to 50
less than or equal to 100
less than or equal to 200

less than or equal to 10

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Dietary supplements do not need approval from the FDA before they are marketed.
All supplements sold in the U.S. must contain the U.S.P. symbol.
There are no rules to limit the amount of a nutrient in any dietary supplement.
There are no federal guidelines to ensure the purity, safety, and quality of supplements.

All supplements sold in the U.S. must contain the U.S.P. symbol.

The swelling of tissues associated with hypernatremia is known as
osmosis.
edema.
depolarization.
repolarization.

edema.

Anchovies, mackerel, salmon, and sardines are good sources of
DHA.
vitamin C.
folate.
fiber.

DHA.

Some athletes take chromium supplements to
conserve glycogen stores and delay fatigue during exercise.
aid in delivering oxygen to working muscles during exercise.
increase muscle mass and strength and decrease body fat.
increase the use of fatty acids during endurance exercise.

increase muscle mass and strength and decrease body fat.

Which of the following acids is major form of phosphorus found in plant foods?
hydrochloric acid
phytic acid
synovial acid
phosphoric acid

phytic acid

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
Water and electrolytes move across the cell membranes only through protein channels.
Electrolytes freely move across cell membranes.
Water and electrolytes cannot move across cell membranes.

Water freely moves across cell membranes.

What is the function of synovial fluid?
Answer
maintains blood volume
transports nutrients through the body
lubricates body joints
maintains body temperature

lubricates body joints

It has been suggested that what percentage of neural tube defects could be prevented if all women of childbearing age consumed adequate amounts of folate or folic acid?
25 percent
30 percent
50 percent
70 percent

70 percent

A major dietary source of iodine worldwide is
dairy products.
salt water fish.
iodized table salt.
fruits and vegetables.

iodized table salt

Which of the following would NOT be an effective strategy to follow when trying to evaluate the safety and quality of a particular supplement?
Look for the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P.) symbol.
Buy nationally recognized brands.
Purchase products labeled "natural."
Contact the company to request additional information.

Purchase product labeled "natural."

The primary sources of folate in the American diet are
milk and dairy products.
fresh fruits and vegetables.
meat, fish, and poultry.
enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products

enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products.

The release of which of the following nutrients from extracellular fluid stimulates muscle contraction?
phosphorus
potassium
sodium
calcium

calcium

Which of the following is NOT a reason that infants are at higher risk of dehydration than adults?
Breast milk or formula meets an infant’s fluid needs.
Infants lose proportionally more fluid via evaporation than adults.
Infants have immature kidneys and are unable to concentrate urine as well as adults.
Infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine.

infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine.

Who is responsible for determining the safety and efficacy of any dietary supplement?
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
the manufacturer of the supplement
the Attorney General
the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

manufacturer of the supplement

Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
Both participate in maintaining fluid balance.
Both are involved in nerve transmission.
Both are major electrolytes in the body.

Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.

Some athletes take chromium supplements to
conserve glycogen stores and delay fatigue during exercise.
aid in delivering oxygen to working muscles during exercise.
increase muscle mass and strength and decrease body fat.
increase the use of fatty acids during endurance exercise.

increase muscle mass and strength and decrease body fat.

Which of the following is a diuretic?
alcohol
milk
water
orange juice

alcohol

Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?
a marathon runner
a newborn
an individual who has a diet rich in processed foods
an individual with kidney disease

an individual with kidney disease

A lack of dietary iodine during pregnancy is the primary cause of which of the following medical conditions, worldwide?
goiters
neural tube defects
anemia
cretinism

cretinism

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of preeclampsia?
protein in the urine
high blood pressure
unexplained and rapid weight loss
edema

unexplained and rapid weight loss

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as
ascorbic acid.
vitamin B12.
vitamin K.
vitamin B6.

vitamin K.

A normal-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy?
25 to 30
25 to 35
25 to 40
25 to 45

25-35

Which of following does NOT explain why infants are at a higher risk of dehydration compared to adults?
Infants excrete urine at a higher rate.
Infants cannot tell parents or caregivers when they are thirsty.
Infants have a greater ratio of body surface area to body core.
Infants have a lower total body water percentage.

infants have a lower total body water percentage.

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called
osmosis.
filtration.
depolarization.
distillation.

osmosis

Good Source of riboflavin include…
milk, meats, and green vegetables.
refined grains and pork.
citrus fruits and berries.
potatoes, carrots, and bananas.

milk, meats, and green vegetables

A substance that is capable of dissolving a variety of compounds is known as a(n)
solvent.
solute.
diuretic.
electrolyte.

solvent

Which of these actions does NOT increase iron absorption?
adding small amounts of meat, poultry, or fish to vegetable-based dishes
eating a vitamin C-rich food at the same time you eat plant or animal sources of iron
taking calcium or zinc supplements with iron-rich foods
adding chopped tomatoes to beans or lentils

taking calcium or zinc supplements with iron-rich foods

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for preventing heat-related deaths in high school and collegiate athletes?
regular fluid breaks for athletes
changing the time of events to avoid periods of high heat and humidly
canceling training and competition during periods of high heat and humidity
attendance of a certified athletic trainer at all sporting events

attendance of a certified athletic trainer at all sporting events

What is the primary role of the B-vitamins?
provide the body with energy
act as coenzymes
maintain and repair body tissues
maintain acid-base balance

act as coenzymes

Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin K?
exposure to sunlight
spinach
soybean oil
intestinal bacteria

exposure to sunlight

Which kind of severe deficiency results in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic) anemia?
folate
iron
B6
zinc

folate

A genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron absoprtion is
sickle cell anemia.
hemochromatosis.
beriberi.
pellagra.

hemochromatosis