|
What is currently known about fluoride in drinking water supplies?
A. All bottled water contains fluoride added as part of the bottling process.
B. Scientific evidence has shown that communities with fluoridated water have higher cancer rates.
C. Very few communities in the US have fluoridated water.
D. In communities where fluoride is lacking in the water there is a very high dental decay rate.
|
D
|
|
If the water supply is severely deficient in ___, both breastfed and formula-fed infants require supplementation after six months of age.
A. Vitamin C
B. Zinc
C. Fluoride
D. Iron
|
C
|
|
Which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?
A. Chromium
B. Chloride
C. Fluoride
D. Iron
|
C
|
|
All of the following are recommended for vegetarian women who are pregnant except:
A. Legumes
B. Tofu
C. Whole Grains
D. Protein Supplements
|
D
|
|
All of the following statements are true concerning placenta except:
A. It is an active metabolic organ with many responsibilities.
B. It allows for the exchange of nutrients between baby and mother.
C. The fetus receives carbon dioxide across the placenta.
D. The mother’s blood picks up the baby’s waste materials through the placenta and they are excreted.
|
C
|
|
To obtain the folate that can reduce the risk of neural tube defects, a woman who is capable of becoming pregnant should:
A. Eat folate-fortified foods.
B. Take a daily prenatal supplement.
C. Eat folate-rich foods.
D. All of the above.
|
D
|
|
Which of the following nutrients is related to the prevention of neural tube defects?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Zinc
|
C
|
|
Telling children they can not have dessert until they finish their vegetables will ensure children like vegetables.
A. True
B. False
|
B
|
|
The concept that a genetically modified food has equivalent safety to a conventional food if it has equivalent composition and nutritional characteristics as the conventional food is known as?
A. Equilibrium of safety concerns
B. Food Security
C. Substantial equivalence
D. Standards for medical testing
|
C
|
|
Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized?
A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Zinc
D. Fluoride
|
B
|
|
You are interested in using a preservative that will prevent fruits from undergoing changes in color and flavor caused by exposure to oxygen in the air. Which of the following would you use?
A. Vitamin C
B. Nitrites
C. Tartrazine
D. Salt
|
A
|
|
What recommendation is most appropriate to help a 6-year-old obese boy to improve his health?
A. He needs to start lifting weights to increase his muscle mass.
B. He should eliminate all his favorite fatty snacks from his diet.
C. He needs to be placed on a weight-reduction diet to lose some of his excess weight.
D. He should carry a refillable water bottle with him to drink instead of soft drinks.
|
D
|
|
Folate fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.
A. True
B. False
|
A
|
|
During physical activity the body will cool down by:
A. Sweating to carry heat away from the surface of the body.
B. Increasing urination to carry heat away through the kidneys.
C. Drawing the blood away from the surface of the skin to let the body core cool it.
D. Using the water from metabolism to cool the body core.
|
A
|
|
One purpose of genetic engineering is to:
A. Remove unwanted nutrient levels from foods.
B. Make crops resistant to diseases.
C. Clone animals that are raised as sources of meat.
D. Kill all pests that attack specific plants.
|
B
|
|
The DRI recommendation for calcium intake is higher for pregnant than non-pregnant women in the same age group.
A. True
B. False
|
B
|
|
A woman who has just become pregnant is used to drinking 2 pots of coffee per day. What adjustments should she make in her caffeine consumption?
A. Drink diet colas instead of coffee.
B. None — studies have shown that caffeine intake is safe during pregnancy.
C. Limit coffee consumption to 2 cups per day.
D. Eliminate tea and cola intake because they increase risk of fetal death.
|
C
|
|
You are counseling a pregnant women who is experiencing "morning sickness". To alleviate this condition you tell her to:
A. Sip juice or coffee when nauseated.
B. Nibble on crackers or dry toast.
C. Try drinking beverages between meals only.
D. Eat larger meals.
|
B
|
|
The addition of foods to a baby’s diet should be governed by all of the following considerations except:
A. The baby’s nutrient needs.
B. How often the baby cries.
C. The baby’s physical readiness to handle different forms of foods.
D. The need to detect and control allergic reactions.
|
B
|
|
Which of the following should not be used to thaw frozen meats?
A. Refrigerator thawing.
B. Defrosting at room temperature.
C. Defrosting in a bath of ice cold water.
D. Microwave defrost option.
|
B
|
|
To minimize the loss of water-soluble vitamins from vegetables you would:
A. Microwave them.
B. Soak them in water.
C. Steam them over water.
D. A and B.
E. A and C.
|
E
|
|
The temperature at which food is most susceptible to bacterial growth and is considered the "danger zone" is what?
A. 40-140 F
B. 20-100 F
C. Greater than 100 F
D. Less that 100 F
|
A
|
|
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the body’s need for water?
A. The reference man and woman both need equal amounts of fluid intake.
B. All water must come from beverages because foods don’t contain enough to contribute to intake.
C. Fluid needs for an individual person are the same every day.
D. too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication.
|
D
|
|
Some minerals act as buffers to help maintain body fluids at the correct pH to permit life’s processes.
A. True
B. False
|
A
|
|
All of the following are benefits to mom for breastfeeding her infant except:
A. Eating however much food she wants because she will lose weight quickly.
B. Conserving her iron stores for several months decreasing risk of anemia.
C. Decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
D. Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes.
|
A
|
|
Exclusively breastfed babies need supplements of __, but formula-fed babies do not.
A. Calcium
B. Fluoride
C. Vitamin D
D. Iron
|
C
|
|
Which food is most likely to contain the most pesticides?
A. Apples
B. Steak
C. Greens
D. Wheat Bread
|
A
|
|
The best source of phosphorus is:
A. Animal protein.
B. Fruit.
D. Vegetable protein.
D. Grain products.
|
A
|
|
The best way to keep chilled foods safe is to:
A. Thaw meats quickly by putting them under running hot water in the sink.
B. Put foods that have been sitting out too long into the freezer to cool them down.
C. Refrigerate them immediately after getting home from the grocery store.
D. Put leftover foods into deep containers so the outside layers will cool the inner layers.
|
C
|
|
A pregnant woman needs an increase of ___ calories during the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
A. 100 calories.
B. 500 calories.
C. 300 calories.
D. None.
|
C
|
|
Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside the body cells?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Potassium
|
D
|
|
When may the use of commercial formula for feeding an infant be appropriate?
A. When the mother wants to sleep through the night.
B. When the mother wants to be certain the infant is receiving all necessary nutrients.
C. When a premature infant has special medical needs.
D. When the water source for the mother is contaminated.
|
C
|
|
You experience vomiting, intestinal cramps, and bloody diarrhea a day after eating a hamburger at a friend’s house. What type of illness should you suspect?
A. Stomach Flu
B. Hepatitis
C. Escherichia coli infection
D. Gastroenteritis
|
C
|
|
Which of the following is the most commonly frown genetically modified food in the US?
A. Soybeans
B. Canola
C. Tomatoes
D. Peas
|
A
|
|
A pregnancy weight gain of ___ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights.
A. 13
B. 15-25
C. 25-35
D. 28-40
|
C
|
|
Which of the following should be introduced first when feeding a baby?
A. Pureed vegetables
B. Citrus fruit juice
C. Egg white
D. Rice cereal
|
D
|
|
A pregnant woman needs about ___ grams of protein per day above prepregnancy needs.
A. 25
B. 30
C. 35
D. 40
|
A
|
|
The proper way to wash hands when handling foods is to:
A. Rinse hands in cool water for 30 seconds or more.
B. Wash hands with soap and warm water for 15 second.
C. Rub antibacterial sanitizing rub on dry hands.
D. Quickly run hands under scalding water for 5 seconds.
|
B
|
|
Constipation during pregnancy should be relieved by:
A. A high-fiber diet.
B. Plentiful water intake.
C. The use of laxatives.
D. A and B.
|
D
|
|
Water assists in:
A. Temperature regulation
B. Shock protection
C. Metabolism
D. All of the above
|
D
|
|
What should a woman who drinks a daily glass of wine with her dinner consider when she becomes pregnant?
A. One glass of red wine a day is beneficial for heart health so this practice should be continued.
B. Alcohol can help restore her appetite if she is nauseated during pregnancy.
C. Even a small amount of alcohol during a critical growth period can be damaging.
D. Alcohol can help in the transport of oxygen through the umbilical cord.
|
C
|
|
When comparisons are made between organic, conventional, and genetic engineering methods of growing foods, one of the main differences is that:
A. Genetic engineering can be used to increase nutrient content.
B. Organic produce does not have to be washed before eating.
C. Genetic engineering is protective of wildlife.
D. Conventional foods will be lower in nutrient content.
|
A
|
|
Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water?
A. Chinese cabbage
B. Fresh apple
C. Margarine
D. Lean steak
|
C
|
|
Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. Which of the following is your friend likely to have?
A. Potassium deficiency
B. Zinc deficiency
C. Magnesium deficiency
D. Iron deficiency
|
D
|
|
The first sign of dehydration is:
A. Headache
B. Confusion
C. Thirst
D. Fatigue
|
C
|
|
Which of the following would you look for on the label of bottled water to signify safety?
A. Contains groundwater
B. A statement that the source of the water is a spring in your state.
C. Mountain spring water
D. Contains filtered water
|
D
|
|
It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about ___ months.
A. three
B. six
C. nine
D. twelve
|
B
|
|
Osteoporosis is most often associated with:
A. Heavier body weights.
B. Underweight.
C. Higher body fatness.
D. Exercise.
|
B
|
|
Which of the following statements describes the "Division of Responsibility" in feeding children?
A. The child alone decides what will be offered and how much will be eaten.
B. The parent alone decides what will be eaten and how much the child will eat.
C. The parent offers a variety of nutritious foods and the child decides if and how much they will eat.
D. Parent prepares the food and the child is forced to eat what the parent decides.
|
C
|
|
The more processed a food:
A. The more sodium it contains.
B. The more potassium it contains.
C. The less sodium it contains.
D. The more calcium it contains.
|
A
|
|
Supporters of genetic engineering for foods state the following as a benefit:
A. Plants and animals can be engineered to contain higher levels of certain vitamins and minerals.
B. Plants can be grown resistant to certain diseases strengthening the crop.
C. Plants can be engineered to provide vaccines and immunizations against disease.
D. All of the above.
|
D
|
|
The calcium intake requirement increases during pregnancy.
A. True
B. False
|
B
|
|
The more processed a food:
A. The more sodium it contains.
B. The more potassium it contains.
C. The less sodium it contains.
D. The more calcium it contains.
|
A
|
|
Which of the following should be introduced first when feeding a baby?
A. Pureed vegetables.
B. Citrus fruit juice.
C. Egg white.
D. Rice cereal.
|
D
|
|
Which of the following is the single most potent indicator of an infant’s future health status?
A. Mothers prepregnancy weight.
B. Mothers weight gain during pregnancy.
C. Infants birthweight.
D. Mothers prepregnancy nutrition status.
|
C
|
|
The best way to reduce the possibility of incidental contaminants getting into foods while microwaving is to:
A. Use bleached white cardboard containers for microwaving.
B. Transfer leftover foods into margarine tubs to re-heat.
C. Select plastic cups with recycle codes 3 or 7 for microwave heating.
D. Use glass or ceramic containers for heating foods in the microwave.
|
D
|
|
Constipation during pregnancy should be relieved by:
A. A high-fiber diet.
B. Plentiful water intake.
C. The use of laxatives.
D. A and B.
E. B and C.
|
D
|
|
Which of the following does not contain vitamin B12?
A. Meat
B. Legumes
C. Eggs
D. Dairy products
|
B
|
|
During which age should an infant be consuming ONLY breast milk or infant formula?
A. First 3 months
B. First 6 months
C. First 9 months
D. First year
|
B
|
|
Joe is planning a trip to Mexico and wants to practice food safety while traveling. You would tell Joe to:
A. Eat raw fruits.
B. Use lots of ice in beverages.
C. Use the local water supply.
D. Avoid salads.
|
D
|
|
Authorities recommend limiting sweetened soft drinks and punches in children’s diets for fear that over-consumption may promote:
A. Obesity
B. Dental carries
C. Excess calorie intake
D. All of the above
|
D
|
|
Moderate doses of ___, a common fish contaminant, is/are thought to cause headaches and impair mental functioning in adults.
A. Dioxins
B. PCBs
C. Mercury
D. Cadmium
|
C
|
|
To prevent heartburn during pregnancy you would recommend:
A. Eating less citrus foods.
B. Eating smaller more frequent meals.
C. Avoiding greasy and spicy foods.
D. All of the above.
|
D
|
|
The best way to introduce new foods into a toddler’s diet is to:
A. Offer a reward if the child eats the new food.
B. Introduce them with familiar foods several times.
C. Introduce it once and then not again for several months.
D. Not allow them to eat favorite foods until they sample the new ones.
|
B
|
|
A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them. This has happened ever since he became ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel immediately after eating a banana in the playground. This would be an example of a:
A. Food allergy.
B. Food intolerance.
C. Food aversion.
D. Food immunity.
|
C
|
|
Which of the following should be used to thaw frozen meats?
A. Refrigerator thawing.
B. Defrost at room temperature.
C. Defrost in a bath of warm water.
D. Defrost in the freezer.
|
A
|
|
A pregnant woman with a BMI in the normal range is encouraged to gain ___ pounds or so.
A. 13
B. 15
C. 25
D. 42
|
C
|
|
Lucy should offer her son ___ cow’s milk when he is 1 year old, and ___ milk after he turns 2 years old.
A. no; whole
B. whole; nonfat
C. whole; whole
D. nonfat; less
|
B
|
|
Breast milk is low in iron because if the pregnant mom is adequately nourished, the fetus stores enough iron to last the first 3-6 months of life.
A. True
B. False
|
A
|
|
A zinc toxicity reduces ___.
A. iron absorption
B. LDL cholesterol
C. insulin response
D. bone density
|
A
|
|
Some minerals act as buffers to help maintain body fluids at the correct pH to permit life’s processes.
A. True
B. False
|
A
|
|
After cooking, foods should be held at ___ F or higher until served.
A. 100
B. 110
C. 120
D. 140
|
D
|
|
Jennifer says she drinks bottled water because it is safer than tap water. You tell her that bottled water:
A. Has been withdrawn from and underground spring and is naturally pure.
B. Has been filtered by the manufacturer to remove contaminants.
C. All tastes exactly the same as tap water.
D. May also be tap water and is not as highly regulated as much as tap water.
|
D
|
|
Which of the following should be avoided during pregnancy?
A. Alcohol
B. Dieting
C. Smoking
D. All of the above
|
D
|
|
What can be said about fresh produce and foodborne illness?
A. Fruits and vegetables are safe because they cannot be infected by illness-causing bacteria.
B. Rinsing produce will remove all contaminants that may be on the surface.
C. All canned vegetables are safe from bacteria-causing toxins.
D. Produce grown close to the ground may be irrigated with contaminated water.
|
D
|
|
What is currently known about fluoride in drinking water supplies?
A. All bottled water contains fluoride added as part of the bottling process.
B. Scientific evidence has shown that communities with fluoridated water have higher cancer rates.
C. Very few communities in the US have fluoridated water.
D. In communities where fluoride is lacking in the water there is a very high dental decay rate.
|
D
|
|
What effect does malnutrition during critical times of development in pregnancy have on the fetus?
A. Impairment of the development of an organ is irreversible.
B. If the heart is impaired in early development it can be reversed with good nutrition.
C. It is not a problem if the fetus has gained enough weight earlier.
D. Teeth will develop after the baby is born.
|
A
|
|
When comparisons are made between organic, conventional, and genetic engineering methods of growing foods, one of the main differences is that:
A. Genetic engineering can be used to increase nutrient content.
B. Organic produce does not have to be washed before eating.
C. Genetic engineering is protective of wildlife.
D. Conventional foods will be lower in nutrient content.
|
A
|
|
What should a woman who drinks a daily glass of wine with her dinner consider when she becomes pregnant?
A. One glass of red wine a day is beneficial for heart health so this practice should be continued.
B. Alcohol can help restore her appetite if she is nauseated during pregnancy.
C. Even a small amount of alcohol during a critical growth period can be damaging.
D. Alcohol can help in the transport of oxygen through the umbilical cord.
|
C
|
|
The recommended source of fluid for healthy US adults is:
A. Plain drinking water, because it is safe and noncaloric.
B. Carbonated beverages, because they have good flavor.
C. Tea or coffee, because caffeine helps maintain fluid in the body.
D. Fruit juice, because it has additional nutrients we need.
|
A
|
|
Which of the following is associated with low birth weight?
A. Poor nutrition.
B. Smoking.
C. Drug use during pregnancy.
D. All of the above.
|
D
|
|
Which of the following determines whether the mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?
A. The mother’s prepregnancy nutrition.
B. The mother’s prepregnancy weight.
C. Whether or not the mother receives vitamin supplementation.
D. The mother’s intake of milk.
|
A
|
|
A nonpregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day. How many grams per day would she need if she became pregnant?
A. 71
B. 94
C. 156
D. 215
|
A
|
|
A person eating in an Asian restaurant has just finished a meal and immediately experiences burning and flushing of her skin and a headache. What ingredient added to the foods may have brought about this reaction?
A. Nitrites
B. Sulfites
C. Monosodium Glutamate
D. Methylmercury
|
C
|
|
When trying to consume adequate dietary iron it is helpful to:
A. Eat non-heme iron found only in plants because it is absorbed more efficiently.
B. Consider adding supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods.
C. Combine vitamin C-rich foods with non-heme iron sources to increase absorption.
D. Avoid combining heme-iron foods with non-heme-iron foods in the same meal.
|
C
|
|
One purpose of genetic engineering is to:
A. Remove unwanted nutrient levels from foods.
B. Make crops resistant to diseases.
C. Clone animals that are raised as sources of meat.
D. Kill all pests that attack specific plants.
|
B
|
|
Alcohol consumption by women during pregnancy can result in:
A. Low infant birth weight.
B. An increase in stillbirths.
C. Organ damage.
D. All of the above.
|
D
|
|
Bone strength in later life depends on:
A. The increased calcium absorption in the elderly.
B. The increased production of estrogen after menopause.
C. Reducing physical activity to protect bones.
D. The formation of dense bones during youth.
|
D
|
|
An advantage for the mother of breast feeding her infant would be:
A. Eating however much food she wants because she will lose weight quickly.
B. Conserving her iron stores for several months.
C. Being able to sleep through the night without interruption.
D. Not needing to introduce any other foods to the infant for the first two months.
|
B
|
|
Which of the following would be the best selection to provide good sources of calcium in the diet?
a. milk, yogurt, and cheese.
b. kefir, butter, and cottage cheese.
c. buttermilk, cream cheese, and almonds
d. cheese, cream, and broccoli
|
A
|
|
Water excretion is regulated by the:
a. brain and kidneys
b. liver
c. stomach
d. none of the above
|
A
|
|
Water assists in:
a. temperature regulation
b. shock protection
c. metabolism
d. all of the above
|
D
|
|
A parent who wishes to protect her child from lead toxicity would do all of the following except:
a. prevent the child from chewing on old painted surfaces.
b. feed the child additional protein.
c. wash the child’s hands, bottles, and toys often.
d. make sure the child gets an adequate calcium intake.
|
B
|
|
Frozen foods nutrients content is similar to that of:
a. dried foods.
b. canned foods.
c. foods that have undergone extrusion.
d. fresh foods.
|
D
|
|
How many extra calories does a pregnant mom need during her 2nd and 3rd trimester?
a. 0
b. 50
c. 100
d. 300
|
D
|
|
The first sign of dehydration is:
a. headache
b. confusion
c. thirst
d. fatigue
|
C
|
|
Should all pregnant women take prenatal supplements of vitamins and minerals?
a. no, because they can lead to toxic levels of stored vitamins in some women
b. yes, because they will provide the additional energy needed during pregnancy
c. no, because they may get stomach upset and not be able to eat their foods
d. yes, because they contain the increased nutrient amounts needed during pregnancy
|
D
|
|
The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is:
a. potassium.
b. chloride.
c. sodium.
d. calcium.
|
C
|
|
When may the use of commercial formula for feeding an infant be appropriate?
a. when the mother wants to sleep through the night?
b. when the mother wants to be certain the infant is receiving all necessary nutrients
c. when a premature infant has special medical needs
d. when the water source for the mother is contaminated
|
C
|
|
Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body’s weight?
a. major minerals
b. protein
c. water
d. trace minerals
|
C
|
