ELA 11B

In part two of Trifles, which of the following images most reinforces the theme of loneliness that exists throughout the play?

A. the hollow in which the Wright home sat

In part two of Trifles, how does the image of the dead bird wrapped in a silk cloth strengthen the feminist theme that women often suffer abuses within a male-dominated society?

A. The bird symbolizes loneliness, which Mrs. Wright endured throughout her marriage to Mr. Wright.

In part two of Trifles, the symbol of the broken birdcage best supports the theme that women often

A. endure unjust acts in male-dominated societies.

In part two of Trifles, which of the following most supports the feminist theme that women suffer abuses within a male-dominated society?

C. the bird with the broken neck

Based on part two of Trifles, the symbolism of the dead bird implies that Mr. Wright

C. had an oppressive demeanor that killed the bird and his wife’s spirit.

In part two of Trifles, which of the following best supports the feminist theme that women often found it difficult to fulfill their own heart’s desires?

C. the accepted understanding that Mrs. Hale was too busy with her own home and children to stop for a visit

MRS. PETERS (looking upstairs). We mustn’t—take on.

MRS. HALE. I might have known she needed help! I know how things can be—for women. I tell you, it’s queer, Mrs. Peters. We live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same things—it’s all just a different kind of the same thing.

C. Women generally felt detached from each other because of the societal roles thrust upon them.

In part two of Trifles, which is an example of dramatic irony?

C. The audience knows about the deceased bird hidden in the box, but the men in the play do not.

MRS. HALE. It’s log cabin pattern. Pretty, isn’t it? I wonder if she was goin’ to quilt or just knot it? (Footsteps have been heard coming down the stairs. The Sheriff enters, followed by Hale and the County Attorney.)

SHERIFF. They wonder if she was going to quilt or just knot it. (The men laugh, the women look abashed.)

B. The men believe the women are incapable of discovering anything of substance when, in fact, they are the ones who discover evidence.

In part two of Trifles, which quotation most supports the theme that women are often unaware of the suffering of other women?

D. MRS. HALE. …I tell you, it’s queer, Mrs. Peters. We live close together and we live far apart.

What is one advantage of silently reading a play as opposed to listening to an audio recording?

D. Readers can imagine the sound and tone of each character’s voice.

In a film production, where should the camera focus if the director wants to emphasize the men’s emotions?

C. on close-ups of the men

What would be one advantage of reading this scene as opposed to watching or listening to it?

B. Readers can creatively interpret and visualize stage directions in their minds.

How would an audio recording of this excerpt help establish the setting of the play?

D. through the sound effect of footsteps around the kitchen

What is one advantage of reading a play as opposed to watching or listening to it?

B. Readers can review scenes and dialogue.

How are stage and film versions of a drama similar?

A. The viewer must infer the mood from the lighting and sound effects.

How would an audio recording of this excerpt help establish the setting of the play?

C. through the sound of a cupboard door opening

How would an audio recording most likely convey the characters’ actions during this scene?

B. with the reading of the written stage directions

A possible advantage of hearing this scene, as opposed to reading it silently, is that

C. various sound effects can be used to create or enhance the mood.

What is one advantage of watching or listening to a play as opposed to reading it?

C. Different sound effects can be used to enhance the action and excitement of the story.

Hossack and his wife, Margaret, had nine children, including five, ranging in age from thirteen to twenty-six, who were in the house at the time of the assault.

Which best describes the excerpt?

A. It is a fact because it can be proven using objective evidence.

Which most supports the fact that Trifles is written in a realistic style?

A. The characters are portrayed as in real life.

How is Mr. Hossack portrayed similarly in both Midnight Assassin and the article "Indicted Her for Murder"?

D. He is portrayed as a well-known man in his community.

How does the focus of the primary source article "Mrs. Hossack a Murderess" differ from the Midnight Assassin excerpt?

A. The article focuses on the outcome of the case, but the excerpt does not even mention the verdict.

What best describes an element shared by the article "Indicted Her for Murder" and the excerpt from Midnight Assassin?

B. Both address the fact that Mrs. Hossack was in the house at the time of her husband’s murder.

A farmer named Hossack was struck over the head and killed by unknown parties, at his home a few miles out from Bedford.

Which most supports the idea that the excerpt is factual?

D. It can be proven using objective evidence.

Which element is excluded in the articles by Susan Glaspell and the excerpt from Midnight Assassin?

C. how the Hossack children handled the trial

What is a major difference between the accounts presented in the primary source article "Prominent Farmer Robbed and Killed" and the secondary source Midnight Assassin?

A. The article initially suggests that the murder was likely committed by burglars, while the excerpt suggests a wider range of suspects.

Well, for one thing, as per the caption of Miss Rachel Crothers’s play, that this is a man’s world. But what is isn’t necessarily right, though there are a lot of people who go on believing so. However, as Miss Crothers probably knows as well as any one, this play and many others equally strong and to the point will not change conditions.

Which statement best describes this excerpt?

C. It contains the opinion of a person who saw A Man’s World.

Which best describes the style of The Little Foxes?

realistic

Which sentence contains parallel structure?

B. Jalen folded the application and placed it in the envelope.

Which is the best use of punctuation?

B. The Industrial Revolution (a period between 1750 and 1850) brought many changes to manufacturing.

Which sentence contains parallel structure?

A. Jonah has two ultimate goals: becoming a published columnist and writing a book.

Which sentence is written correctly?

Snow cones, a tasty treat, can be found in many delicious flavors.

Which sentence is written correctly?

A. Mrs. Ellis, a petite woman, wore the finest dresses from Paris.

Nia, my best friend, scored the winning goal.

Which is the best revision of the sentence?

no change

Which sentence contains parallel elements?

C. Carina could hear the rolling thunder and the howling winds.

Which sentence is written correctly?

A. Karina, the new student body president, was previously the class treasurer.

Which sentence is written correctly?

C. Kellen, who graduated with honors, will study microorganisms, sensory neurons, and potential energy.

Parents should, if they choose, limit the amount of television their children are viewing.

The best way to improve this thesis is to

B. express a viewpoint.

There have been many studies about the effect too much television has on children and whether it is harmful or beneficial.

The best way to improve this thesis is to

B. clearly take a side.

(1) Bullying has a significant impact on a student’s physical and emotional well being. (2) There are many school programs that will help stop bullying. (3) Establishing a school culture that focuses on acceptance, respect, and tolerance is crucial in putting an end to bullying.

Which sentence logically fits just before sentence 2?

A. Students who are uncomfortable in their school setting are not as likely to earn good grades or participate in extracurricular activities.

(1) The nation’s energy use is largely dependent on fossil fuels. (2) These fuels are nonrenewable resources, and they cause pollution. (3) We cannot continue our reliance on a fuel that will eventually run out. (4) Thus, we must find other ways to sustain our energy demands. (5) Pursuing alternative fuel sources is the key to solving our energy crisis.

(6) Currently, about 1 percent of energy in the United States is produced by the sun, and solar energy has the potential to become a more widely used energy source. (7) Through different technologies, such as solar cells, scientists have learned to use the sun’s radiation to create electricity. (8) Solar energy is both inexhaustible and clean. (9) The major limit to this alternative source is that equipment is expensive. (10) Developing a cost-effective way to harness the power of the sun will be a significant development in solving our energy crisis.

Which sentence contains evidence that solar energy could help solve the energy crisis?

C. sentence 8

Maya has earned high grades in honors algebra and is writing a letter to her principal asking to take other honors classes. Read her thesis statement, then answer the question.

Based on my prior grades, participating in honors classes would help me.

C. Based on my grades in honors algebra, I believe I would do well in other honors classes.

(1) The nation’s energy use is largely dependent on fossil fuels. (2) These fuels are nonrenewable resources, and they cause pollution. (3) We cannot continue our reliance on a fuel that will eventually run out. (4) Thus, we must find other ways to sustain our energy demands. (5) Pursuing alternative fuel sources is the key to solving our energy crisis.

(6) Currently, about 1 percent of energy in the United States is produced by the sun, and solar energy has the potential to become a more widely used energy source. (7) Through different technologies, such as solar cells, scientists have learned to use the sun’s radiation to create electricity. (8) Solar energy is both inexhaustible and clean. (9) The major limit to this alternative source is that equipment is expensive. (10) Developing a cost-effective way to harness the power of the sun will be a significant development in solving our energy crisis.

Which sentence is the author’s thesis statement?

C. sentence 5

An effective argumentative essay must provide evidence because

A. evidence appeals to the reader’s sense of logic.

An effective thesis statement should

C. clarify the topic of the essay.

(1) The nation’s energy use is largely dependent on fossil fuels. (2) These fuels are nonrenewable resources, and they cause pollution. (3) We cannot continue our reliance on a fuel that will eventually run out. (4) Thus, we must find other ways to sustain our energy demands. (5) Pursuing alternative fuel sources is the key to solving our energy crisis.

(6) Currently, about 1 percent of energy in the United States is produced by the sun, and solar energy has the potential to become a more widely used energy source. (7) Through different technologies, such as solar cells, scientists have learned to use the sun’s radiation to create electricity. (8) Solar energy is both inexhaustible and clean. (9) The major limit to this alternative source is that equipment is expensive. (10) Developing a cost-effective way to harness the power of the sun will be a significant development in solving our energy crisis.

Which is an alternative piece of evidence that supports the idea that solar energy could play a part in solving the energy crisis?

C. Solar energy already serves an important role in providing electricity to remote areas.

A school’s right to search student lockers to keep things safe for the community might be a necessary thing.

Which is the best revision of the underlined portion of the sentence?

C. is necessary to maintain a safe environment for students.

Offshore drilling will decrease the United States’ dependency on foreign oil.

Which evidence would support the author’s claim?

D. Offshore reserves could supply the US with energy needs for two years.

Which sentence correctly punctuates a direct quotation from the publication Childhood Sports Injuries and Their Prevention?

C. According to the publication Childhood Sports Injuries and Their Prevention, "Any organized team activity should demonstrate a commitment to injury prevention."

Text messaging while driving is dangerous, and making it against the law in many states would be a good idea.

Which is the best revision of the underlined portion of the sentence?

A. which is why many states support banning the practice.

"More than 38 million children and adolescents participate in organized sports in the United States each year."

Which describes how the direct quotation is improperly cited?

B. It does not credit the source in the sentence.

(1) The nation’s energy use is largely dependent on fossil fuels. (2) These fuels are nonrenewable resources, and they cause pollution. (3) We cannot continue our reliance on a fuel that will eventually run out. (4) Thus, we must find other ways to sustain our energy demands. (5) Pursuing alternative fuel sources is the key to solving our energy crisis.

(6) Through different technologies, such as solar cells, scientists have learned to use the sun’s radiation to create electricity. (7) Currently, about 1 percent of energy in the United States is produced by the sun, and solar energy has the potential to become a more widely used energy source. (8) Solar energy is both inexhaustible and clean. (9) The major limit to this alternative source is that equipment is expensive. (10) Developing a cost-effective way to harness the power of the sun will be a significant development in solving our energy crisis.

Which sentence references a counterclaim against the use of solar energy?

D. sentence 9

I didn’t understand, though I wanted to. Ask any survivor and you will hear the same thing: above all, we tried to understand. Why all these deaths? What was the point of this death factory? How to account for the demented mind that devised this black hole of history called Birkenau?

Perhaps there was nothing to understand.

Based on the excerpt, the author would most likely agree that

A. the rationale for the Holocaust will always be incomprehensible.

In Art Spiegelman’s Maus, the events of the Holocaust are relayed from the perspective of

D. Spiegelman’s father.

My very last resistance broken, I let myself be pulled, pushed, and kicked, like a deaf and mute sleepwalker. I could see everything, grasp it and register it, but only later would I try to put in order all the sensations and all the memories. How stunned I was, for example, to discover another time outside time, a universe parallel to this one, a creation within Creation, with its own laws, customs structures, and language.

Read the text and study the image from Spiegelman’s Maus.

D. Reality can be inexplicably cruel and unfair.

Why were those trains allowed to roll unhindered into Poland? Why were the tracks leading to Birkenau never bombed? I have put these questions to American presidents and generals and to high-ranking Soviet officers. Since Moscow and Washington knew what the killers were doing in the death camps, why was nothing done at least to slow down their "production"? That not a single Allied military aircraft ever tried to destroy the rail lines converging on Auschwitz remains an outrageous enigma to me. Birkenau was "processing" ten thousand Jews a day. Stopping a single convoy for a single night—or even for just a few hours—would have prolonged so many lives.

Based on the paragraph, the author would most likely agree that

B. people need to be proactive when they witness an injustice.

Which best describes Elie Wiesel’s All Rivers Run to the Sea?

C. a deeply personal account of a true event

We arrived at the station, where the cattle cars were waiting. Ever since my book Night I have pursued those nocturnal trains that crossed the devastated continent. Their shadow haunts my writing. They symbolize solitude, distress, and the relentless march of Jewish multitudes toward agony and death. I freeze every time I hear a train whistle.

Read the text and study the image from Spiegelman’s Maus.

A. Both support the fact that millions of innocent Jews were rounded up and taken by train to concentration camps.

Both Wiesel’s All Rivers Run to the Sea and Spiegelman’s Maus relate events of the Holocaust

A. from a Jewish survivor’s perspective.

What does Art Spiegelman’s choice in portraying the Jews as mice and the Nazis as cats in Maus reveal about his point of view?

A. He sees the Jews as the innocent prey and the Nazis as the cunning predators.

In this universe some men existed only to kill and others only to die. And the system functioned with exemplary efficiency: tormenters tormented and crushed their prey, torturers tortured human beings whom they met for the first time, slaughterers slaughtered their victims without so much as a glance, flames rose to heaven and nothing ever jammed the mechanism. It was as if it all unfolded according to a plan decreed from the beginning of time.

Read the text and study the images from Spiegelman’s Maus.

C. Both pieces depict the treatment the Jewish people endured during the brutal Nazi campaign.

Elie Wiesel’s All Rivers Run to the Sea is a

B. memoir

My very last resistance broken, I let myself be pulled, pushed, and kicked, like a deaf and mute sleepwalker.

Read the text and study the image from Art Spiegelman’s Maus.

The theme best expressed by both Wiesel and Spiegelman is

submissive obedience

To this day I am shaken when I see a child, for behind him I glimpse other children. Starving, terrified, drained, they march without a backward glance toward truth and death—which are perhaps the same. Uncomplaining, unprotesting, asking no one’s pity, it is as if they have had enough of living on a planet so cruel, so vile and so filled with hate that their very innocence has brought their death.

Read the text and study the images from Spiegelman’s Maus.

A. Both texts point out the innocence and naivete of the children during the Holocaust.

During the pizza party, Mrs. Saint-Claire served the children on paper plates.

What is the best way to revise this sentence?

C. During the party, Mrs. Saint-Claire served pizza on paper plates to the children.

Which of the following is a redundant pair?

C. vast openness

After sampling a few cake samples, the woman who is getting married picked the flavor of cake that she liked the best.

Which answer choice is the best revision of the sentence to avoid repetition?

B. After tasting cake samples, the bride picked the best flavor.

Unaware of the change in the week’s work schedule, the loyal customers saw Marquis arrive to work a day early.

What is the best revision for the sentence?

A

When we returned to school after summer vacation, our teacher asked us to be prepared to share about our summer activities. Mark told us about his amazing visit to the Great Wall of China on Friday.

What is the best way to revise the underlined sentence?

B. On Friday, Mark told us about his amazing visit to the Great Wall of China.

The group of friends came to a consensus about which movie they would agree to see together.

What is the best way to rewrite the sentence to avoid repetition?

C. The group of friends came to an agreement about the movie they would see together.

Mrs. Nguyen explained to the class that they did __________ on their achievement exams.

Which word belongs in the blank?

B. well

My daily routine—the things I do every day—consists of studying, exercising, and working.

What is the best way to rewrite the sentence to avoid repetition?

A. My daily routine consists of studying, exercising, and working.

The university has __________ students attending from other countries.

Which word belongs in the blank?

C. few

Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier?

A. After walking to school, the bus slowly passed by.

The failing company was not going to succeed because it was bankrupt and did not have any money left.

What is the best way to revise this sentence to eliminate wordiness?

C. The failing company was going bankrupt.

The audience rose up and graciously applauded the guest speaker with a standing ovation.

What is the best way to revise this sentence to eliminate wordiness?

A

When it is 1:00 a.m. in Toronto, it is 3:00 a.m. in Rio de Janiero, and when it is 10:00 a.m. in Rio de Janiero, it is 11:00 p.m. in Melbourne. You leave Toronto to fly to Rio de Janiero, but you accidentally left your watch on Melbourne time. Your watch says that you leave Toronto at 9:30 a.m. on Saturday. When you arrive in Rio de Janiero, the local time is 3:15 a.m. on Saturday. How long was your flight?

B. 6 hours, 45 minutes

Of the following approximate conversions of Celsius into Fahrenheit, which is most accurate?

B. 2°C 2007-14-03-00-00_files/i0200001.jpg 35.8°F

If a flight between two of these cities leaves at 1:30 p.m. on Friday (local time), flies for 16 hours and 30 minutes, and arrives at 2:00 a.m. Saturday (local time), which of the following pairs of cities could the flight go between?

C. Dublin and San Juan

Jacob is visiting Argentina, and he hears a warning that the temperature may drop as low as -12.4°C. How cold is that in °F, to the nearest tenth?

C. 9.1°F

The following table shows some time zone pairings for specific cities. Read the table by row; for example, the first row on the table would read "When it is 10:00 a.m. in Juneau, it is 8:00 p.m. in Oslo."

A. 12 hours

Say that you leave Montevideo at 6:20 p.m. on Sunday to fly to Jerusalem. When you arrive in Jerusalem, the local time is 10:00 a.m. on Monday. If the flight took 10 hours and 40 minutes, what is the time difference between Jerusalem and Montevideo, from the perspective of Jerusalem?

A. Jerusalem is five hours ahead of Montevideo.

In 1883, citizens all over America reset their clocks and watches to reflect the current time in one of four new U.S. time zones. These new time zones were the result of _____.

B. American railroad companies trying to simplify and coordinate their schedules

When it is 4:00 a.m. in Honolulu, it is 2:00 p.m. in London. Just before Paul’s flight from Honolulu to London, he called his friend Nigel, who lives in London, asking what kind of clothing to bring. Nigel explained that London was in the middle of some truly peculiar weather. The temperature was currently 30°C, and was dropping steadily at a rate of 1°C per hour. Paul’s flight left Honolulu at 12:00 p.m. Thursday, Honolulu time, and got into London at 1:00 p.m. Friday, London time. What kind of clothing would have been appropriate for Paul to be wearing when he got off the plane?

D. a light jacket, appropriate for around 50-65°F

When it is 5:00 a.m. in Anchorage, it is 11:00 p.m. in Tokyo. How far ahead of Anchorage is Tokyo?

C. 18 hours

Victoria looking at the readout of a digital thermometer, which her brother has hidden. She does not know where the sensor is, but the display reads 25°C. Which of these is the most logical place for Victoria to begin looking for the sensor?

C. on her desk

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between markup and margin?

D. Markup relates profit to cost while margin relates profit to selling price.

Richard’s store sells pineapples and grapefruits. Pineapples originally cost $5.15 apiece, and grapefruits originally cost $2.25 apiece. Richard reduced the prices to $3.88 for a pineapple and $1.56 for a grapefruit. Which fruit had its price reduced by a greater percent, and how many percentage points greater was that reduction than the other? Round to two decimal places. (Express your answer in percentage points; for example, 15% is 3 percentage points greater than 12%.)

C. The price of grapefruits experienced a reduction 6.01 percentage points greater than the price of pineapples.

Put the following items in order from most expensive to least expensive.

D. DVD, jeans, toaster, headphones

Jan went grocery shopping and only bought items which had been marked down. The items she bought, along with their prices, can be seen below.

C. 16.65%

Ira purchased a new dishwasher for $361.35. The dishwasher was on sale for 17.5% off. What was the original price of the dishwasher, to the nearest dollar?

D. $438

A book with a base price of $15.75 is marked up by 65%. What is the new price, to the nearest cent?

A. $25.99

A floor lamp originally cost $44.50. Over a period of two months, it underwent the following changes in price.

B. $47.72

Winter is coming, so Sasha decides to buy new outdoor gear. She has a coupon good for 25% off. She buys a coat with an original price of $85.75, a pair of boots with an original price of $71.99, a scarf with an original price of $24.25, and a pair of gloves with an original price of $44.95. She pays a total of $208.94. To which item did Sasha apply her coupon?

B. boots

If the final price of the mattress was $227.83, what was the original price of the mattress, to the nearest dollar? Round all dollar values to the nearest cent.

A. $356

A store is selling a black pair of shoes for $79.45 and a brown pair of shoes for $133.99. The black pair of shoes is marked up by 44%, and the brown pair of shoes is marked down by 21%. Which pair of shoes is more expensive, and how much more expensive is it? Round all dollar values to the nearest cent.

B. The black pair costs $8.56 more than the brown pair.

In order to clear out room for new merchandise, James decided to mark down some of the items for sale in his electronics store. He marked down DVD players by 36%, and he marked down stereo tuners by 22%. If DVD players cost $41.60 after the markdown and stereo tuners cost $69.42 after the markdown, which item’s price was reduced by more, and by how many dollars more was it reduced? Round all dollar values to the nearest cent.

A. The DVD player’s price was reduced by $3.82 more than the stereo tuner’s price.

Craig runs a clothing store. He has decided to apply a markdown of 30% to one item in order to draw customers into the store, and he will apply a markup of 25% to three different items, which he hopes the customers will purchase after purchasing the marked-down item. He has chosen four candidates for this process: a leather jacket with an initial cost of $112.75, a blazer with an initial cost of $76.85, a pair of boots with an initial cost of $134.50, and a wristwatch with an initial price of $89.65. After applying the changes, the total cost of purchasing one of each item is $29.46 more than it was before applying the changes. Which item was marked down?

C. boots

A jacket costs $72.90 before it is marked down 42%. What is its new price, to the nearest cent?

B. $42.28

A software store has put some of its inventory on sale. Games are marked down by 15%, and security programs are marked down by 18%. If you pay $35.70 each for two games and $22.96 for a security program, how much have you saved?

A. $17.64

In a subject-by-subject comparison essay, a thesis statement must

D. clearly explain the essay’s topic and viewpoint.

A strong thesis statement must

C. present a topic and the writer’s viewpoint.

(1) Sandra Cisneros’s "Mericans" is about a young American girl of Mexican descent who is struggling to find her own cultural identity. (2) Cisneros illustrates this through a number of images and ideas. (3) For example, the speaker, Micaela, calls her grandmother "awful," and seems to resent the woman’s strict views and religious ideals. (4) The speaker also mentions how she and her brother emulate characters from popular American television programs when they play make-believe. (5) Lastly, she describes physically standing outside her family’s church, an act that symbolizes the fact that she feels like an outsider to Mexican culture. (6) Although Micaela is of Mexican descent, she seems to feel a stronger connection to the United States.

Which is the best thesis statement for the entire essay?

B. Though the speakers in Okita’s poem and Cisneros’s short story have strong roots in foreign cultures, both of them feel more connected to their American identities.

In order to write a strong essay that links together related ideas and sentences, the writer must employ

B. transitions.

The poem is about the way Japanese Americans were relocated.

Which is the best revision of this sentence using academic vocabulary?

B. The poem addresses the forced relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.

In a subject-by-subject comparison essay, the thesis statement should be located in

D. the introductory paragraph.

The girl in the poem does not want to leave her home.

Which is the best revision of this sentence using academic vocabulary?

D. The speaker of the poem is reluctant to leave her home.

I have always felt funny using chopsticks
and my favorite food is hot dogs.

Read the excerpt from "Mericans."

Ladies don’t come to church dressed in pants. And everybody knows men aren’t supposed to wear shorts.

Which best describes the common idea in the excerpts?

C. Both reference American stereotypes.

Micaela says something about her grandmother’s feelings toward the United States, which are the opposite of the girl’s view.

Which is the best revision of this sentence using academic vocabulary?

C. Micaela refers to her grandmother’s feelings toward the United States, which contrast with her own views.

I am a fourteen-year-old girl with bad spelling
and a messy room. If it helps any, I will tell you
I have always felt funny using chopsticks
and my favorite food is hot dogs.

Read the excerpt from "Mericans."

A. They feel more connected to American culture than their ancestors’ culture.

Which sentence best uses academic vocabulary?

A. In the last stanza of the poem, the elderly woman expresses anxiety about her family members who live far away.

(1) Sandra Cisneros’s "Mericans" is about a young American girl of Mexican descent who is struggling to find her own cultural identity. (2) Cisneros illustrates this through a number of images and ideas. (3) For example, the speaker, Micaela, calls her grandmother "awful," and seems to resent the woman’s strict views and religious ideals. (4) The speaker also mentions how she and her brother emulate characters from popular American television programs when they play make-believe. (5) Lastly, she describes physically standing outside her family’s church, an act that symbolizes the fact that she feels like an outsider to Mexican culture. (6) Although Micaela is of Mexican descent, she seems to feel a stronger connection to the United States.

This paragraph supports the idea that Micaela

D. identifies with her Mexican heritage in a different way than her grandmother.

The poem "In Response to Executive Order 9066" and the short story "Mericans" share the theme of

C. finding an American identity.

Which excerpt from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close reveals a childish tone?

B. "Could be a safe-deposit box, actually. An old one. Or some kind of fire-retardant cabinet." That made me crack up a little, even though I know there’s nothing funny about being a mental retard.

I started inventing things, and then I couldn’t stop, like beavers, which I know about. People think they cut down trees so they can build dams, but in reality it’s because their teeth never stop growing, and if they didn’t constantly file them down by cutting through all of those trees, their teeth would start to grow into their own faces, which would kill them. That’s how my brain was.

Which line best reflects the ambiguity of this excerpt?

A. I started inventing things, and then I couldn’t stop, like beavers

I wanted to tell her she shouldn’t be playing Scrabble yet. Or looking in the mirror. Or turning the stereo any louder than what you needed just to hear it.

What assumption does the narrator make in this excerpt?

A. that his mother’s activities suggest an end to her grief

I knew I could never let Mom hear the messages, because protecting her is one of my most important raisons d’être, so what I did was I took Dad’s emergency money from on top of his dresser, and I went to the Radio Shack on Amsterdam.

What assumption does the narrator make in this excerpt?

B. that the messages would increase his mother’s suffering

The next morning I told Mom that I couldn’t go to school, because I was too sick. It was the first lie that I had to tell. She put her hand on my forehead and said, "You do feel a bit hot." I said, "I took my temperature and it’s one hundred point seven degrees." That was the second lie. She turned around and asked me to zip up the back of her dress which she could have done herself, but she knew that I loved to do it.

What assumption does the narrator make in this excerpt?

that his mom will trust him

What was a pretty blue vase doing way up there? I couldn’t reach it, obviously, so I moved over the chair with the tuxedo still on it, and then I went to my room to get the Collected Shakespeare set that Grandma bought for me when she found out that I was going to be Yorick, and I brought those over, four tragedies at a time, until I had a stack that was tall enough.

How does the narration shape Oskar’s characterization in this excerpt?

B. His literary references render him mature for his age.

Which line from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close reveals a despondent tone?

C. I zipped myself all the way into the sleeping bag of myself, not because I was hurt, and not because I had broken something, but because they were cracking up.

It took me nine hours to make, and I had thought about giving it to Sonny, the homeless person who I sometimes see standing outside the Alliance Française, because he puts me in heavy boots, or maybe to Lindy, the neat old woman who volunteers to give tours at the Museum of Natural History, so I could be something special to her, or even just to someone in a wheelchair. But instead I gave it to Mom. She said it was the best gift she’d ever received.

Which word from this excerpt most reveals the tone?

heavy, because the narrator’s list of ideas is bizarre and a bit outrageous

There was a lot of stuff that made me panicky, like suspension bridges, germs, airplanes, fireworks… A lot of the time I’d get that feeling like I was in the middle of a huge black ocean, or in deep space, but not in the fascinating way.

How does the narration affect Oskar’s credibility in this excerpt?

C. His attempt at self-reflection makes him seem honest.

Which line from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close reveals a sentimental tone?

A. I couldn’t sleep, not after hours, and it made my boots lighter to be around his things, and to touch stuff that he had touched, and to make the hangers hang a little straighter, even though I knew it didn’t matter.

The bagel data also reflect how much personal mood seems to affect honesty. Weather, for instance, is a major factor. Unseasonably pleasant weather inspires people to pay at a higher rate. Unseasonably cold weather, meanwhile, makes people cheat prolifically; so do heavy rain and wind. Worst are the holidays. The week of Christmas produces a 2 percent drop in payment rates—again, a 15 percent increase in theft, an effect on the same magnitude, in reverse, as that of 9/11. Thanksgiving is nearly as bad; the week of Valentine’s Day is also lousy, as is the week straddling April 15. There are, however, a few good holidays: the weeks that include the Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Columbus Day. The difference in the two sets of holidays? The low-cheating holidays represent little more than an extra day off from work. The high-cheating holidays are fraught with miscellaneous anxieties and the high expectations of loved ones.

Based on the excerpt, the conclusion that "personal mood seems to affect honesty" is best supported by which of the following statements?

B. Stressful fall and winter holidays generally cause payment rates to drop.

He also believes that employees further up the corporate ladder cheat more than those down below. He got this idea after delivering for years to one company spread out over three floors—an executive floor on top and two lower floors with sales, service, and administrative employees (Feldman wondered if perhaps the executives cheated out of an overdeveloped sense of entitlement. What he didn’t consider is that perhaps cheating was how they got to be executives.)

Which of the following best describes the type of the reasoning the excerpt uses?

C. Feldman uses inductive reasoning because he formulates a generalization based on specific examples.

When he started his business, he expected a 95 percent payment rate, based on the experience at his own office. But just as crime tends to be low on a street where a police car is parked, the 95 percent rate was artificially high: Feldman’s presence had deterred theft. Not only that, but those bagel eaters knew the provider and had feelings (presumably good ones) about him. A broad swath of psychological and economic research has shown that people will pay different amounts for the same item depending on who is providing it. . . .

In the real world, Feldman learned to settle for less than 95 percent. He came to consider a company "honest" if its payment rate was above 90 percent. He considered a rate between 80 and 90 percent "annoying but tolerable."

The excerpt helps the authors arrive at their conclusion by

C. providing statistical evidence.

He had also—quite without meaning to—designed a beautiful economic experiment. From the beginning, Feldman kept rigorous data on his business. So by measuring the money collected against the bagels taken, he found it possible to tell, down to the penny, just how honest his customers were. Did they steal from him? If so, what were the characteristics of a company that stole versus a company that did not? Under what circumstances did people tend to steal more, or less?

Based on the excerpt, which of the following best explains why the authors included Feldman in their study?

Feldman kept rigorous data on his business.

So what do the bagel data have to say? In recent years, there have been two noteworthy trends in the overall payment rate. The first was a long, slow decline that began in 1992. By the summer of 2001, the overall rate had slipped to about 87 percent. But immediately after September 11 of that year the rate spiked a full 2 percent and hasn’t slipped much since. (If a 2 percent gain in payment doesn’t sound like much, think of it this way: the nonpayment rate fell from 13 to 11 percent, which amounts to a 15 percent decline in theft.) Because many of Feldman’s customers are affiliated with national security, there may have been a patriotic element to the 9/11 Effect. Or it may have represented a more general surge in empathy.

The excerpt serves as which type of support for the authors’ argument?

C. a evidence

Despite all the attention paid to rogue companies like Enron, academics know very little about the practicalities of white-collar crime. The reason? There are no good data. A key fact of white-collar crime is that we hear about only the very slim fraction of people who are caught cheating. Most embezzlers lead quiet and theoretically happy lives; employees who steal company property are rarely detected.

With street crime, meanwhile, that is not the case. A mugging or a burglary or a murder is usually tallied whether or not the criminal is caught. A street crime has a victim, who typically reports the crime to the police, who generate data, which in turn generate thousands of academic papers by criminologists, sociologists, and economists. But white-collar crime presents no obvious victim. From whom, exactly, did the masters of Enron steal? And how can you measure something if you don’t know to whom it happened, or with what frequency, or in what magnitude?

The excerpt helps the authors support their conclusion by

evaluating a logical fallacy.

The bagel data also reflect how much personal mood seems to affect honesty. Weather, for instance, is a major factor. Unseasonably pleasant weather inspires people to pay at a higher rate. Unseasonably cold weather, meanwhile, makes people cheat prolifically; so do heavy rain and wind. Worst are the holidays. The week of Christmas produces a 2 percent drop in payment rates—again, a 15 percent increase in theft, an effect on the same magnitude, in reverse, as that of 9/11. Thanksgiving is nearly as bad; the week of Valentine’s Day is also lousy, as is the week straddling April 15. There are, however, a few good holidays: the weeks that include the Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Columbus Day. The difference in the two sets of holidays? The low-cheating holidays represent little more than an extra day off from work. The high-cheating holidays are fraught with miscellaneous anxieties and the high expectations of loved ones.

The excerpt is an example of inductive reasoning because the authors

C. formulate a generalization by studying specific examples.

There is a tale, "The Ring of Gyges," that Feldman sometimes tells his economist friends. It comes from Plato’s Republic. A student named Glaucon offered the story in response to a lesson by Socrates—who, like Adam Smith, argued that people are generally good even without enforcement. Glaucon, like Feldman’s economist friends, disagreed. He told of a shepherd named Gyges who stumbled upon a secret cavern with a corpse inside that wore a ring. When Gyges put on the ring, he found that it made him invisible. With no one able to monitor his behavior, Gyges proceeded to do woeful things—seduce the queen, murder the king, and so on. Glaucon’s story posed a moral question: could any man resist the temptation of evil if he knew his acts could not be witnessed? Glaucon seemed to think the answer was no.

The excerpt serves as which of the following in relation to the authors’ argument?

D. a counterclaim to the idea that most people are moral

In the beginning, Feldman left behind an open basket for the cash, but too often the money vanished. Then he tried a coffee can with a money slot in its plastic lid, which also proved too tempting. In the end, he resorted to making small plywood boxes with a slot cut into the top. The wooden box has worked well. Each year he drops off about seven thousand boxes and loses, on average, just one to theft. This is an intriguing statistic: the same people who routinely steal more than 10 percent of his bagels almost never stoop to stealing his money box—a tribute to the nuanced social calculus of theft. From Feldman’s perspective, an office worker who eats a bagel without paying is committing a crime; the office worker probably doesn’t think so. This distinction probably has less to do with the admittedly small amount of money involved (Feldman’s bagels cost one dollar each, cream cheese included) than with the context of the "crime." The same office worker who fails to pay for his bagel might also help himself to a long slurp of soda while filling a glass in a self-serve restaurant, but he is very unlikely to leave the restaurant without paying.

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this paragraph?

C. Most people are honest enough not to commit major theft.

A key fact of white-collar crime is that we hear about only the very slim fraction of people who are caught cheating. Most embezzlers lead quiet and theoretically happy lives; employees who steal company property are rarely detected.

With street crime, meanwhile, that is not the case. A mugging or a burglary or a murder is usually tallied whether or not the criminal is caught. A street crime has a victim, who typically reports the crime to the police, who generate data, which in turn generate thousands of academic papers by criminologists, sociologists, and economists. But white-collar crime presents no obvious victim.

In this excerpt, the authors present

C. a contrast between different types of crime.