|
In comparison to typical students, students who are exceptional |
A. have both similarities and differences |
|
The most important characteristic of exceptional learners is |
C. Their abilities |
|
Which one of the following descriptions distinguishes best between a disability and a |
A. Disabilities are functional impairments, while handicaps are disadvantages imposed on an individual |
|
Blaire uses a wheel chair for mobility. She is a member of her high schoolʹs varsity cheerleading squad. For purposes of cheer leading, Blaire would be considered to have A. a disability. |
A. a disabilty |
|
Annette is a high school student who reads at the level of a typical third grader. She wants to get her driverʹs license, but is unable to read the driverʹs manual or the questions on the driving test. For purposes of driver training, Annette would be considered to have A. a disability |
C. a disability and a handicap |
|
A six-month-old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having a(n) A. disability |
C. age-appropriate inability |
|
Although no two students are alike, to be considered ʺexceptionalʺ for purposes of their school program, students must A. have a disability related to their academic progress |
C. require special educational services to achieve their potential |
|
When special education works as it should, the outcome for students is A. the ability to hide their disabilities |
D. improved achievement and behavior |
|
Which one of the following students most resembles the ʺtypicalʺ student who receives special education services? A. Joe is a high school student with a physical disability. |
D. Sam is an elementary school student with a learning disability |
|
By federal law, an exceptional student is eligible for special education when A. a teacher recommends it |
B. careful assessment indicates he or she is unable to make satisfactory progress in the regular school program |
|
Prevalence refers to A. the number of individuals having a particular exceptionality. |
C. the percentage of a population having a particular exceptionality |
|
Each of the following may in part explain changes in prevalence of disabilities EXCEPT A. improved diet among impoverished children |
A. improved diet among impoverished children |
|
Dramatic increases in prevalence figures since 1995 have been recorded for children identified as having A. learning disabilities |
D. autism or traumatic brain injury |
|
Which one of the following provides the best definition of special education? A. Special education uses special equipment and materials |
B. Special education meets individual needs of exceptional students. |
|
Educational services and placement for exceptional students depends on A. student characteristics and community resources |
A. student characteristics and community resources |
|
Mr. Pondʹs teaching job requires him to move from school to school, visiting classrooms to A. He is a resource teacher |
C. He is an itinerant teacher |
|
Leslie is enrolled in a regular classroom, but works with a special education teacher in a A. She receives itinerant services. |
B. She receives resource services |
|
Of the following, the special education intervention that represents the highest level of A. instruction by an itinerant teacher |
D. instruction in a self-contained special education classroom |
|
Estella has a learning disability. Her primary placement is most likely a A. self-contained special education class |
B. regular classroom |
|
All teachers must be prepared to work with exceptional students for all of the following A. Most exceptional students are in the regular classroom for part of the day |
B. Most teachers have the supports needed to work in the regular classroom with students of all exceptionalities |
|
Communication requires A. language |
B. encoding and decoding. |
|
Language disorders are generally classified according to two dimensions: A. domain and etiology. |
A. domain and etiology. |
|
The most common fluency disorder is |
A. stuttering. |
|
The communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning is A. speech |
B. language |
|
Encoding, or sending messages, is referred to as |
A. expressive language |
|
"Phonology" refers to linguistic rules governing A. construction of sentences |
B. sound combinations |
|
Most speech disorders are addressed primarily by a speech-language pathologist, not a classroom teacher True |
True |
|
A language disorder that involves problems with functional and socially appropriate communication is A. communication |
D. pragmatics |
|
The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as A. morphology |
D. semantics. |
|
It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders primarily because
A. there is so much overlap with other categories of disability |
A. there is so much overlap with other categories of disability |
|
Janice has a speech disorder which causes her to speak extremely slowly. This is a disorder of A. articulation |
D. fluency |
|
Which statement is true concerning the comparison between the language of a normally developing child and one with a language disorder? A. the sequence of a development is similar, but milestones are reached at later years by the child with a disorder |
A. the sequence of a development is similar, but milestones are reached at later years by the child with a disorder |
|
Specific language impairment refers to A. language disorders resulting from learning disabilities |
B. language disorders with no identifiable cause |
|
Which one of the following is an example of an alternative question-asking strategy? A. focusing on student-initiated questions |
B. reducing the complexity of a question |
|
Articulation disorders A. are easily distinguished |
D. involve errors in word production |
|
The dimensions of voice are A. resonance, pitch, and loudness |
C. pitch, loudness, and quality |
|
The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate development of which aspect of language? A. phonology |
C. pragmatics |
|
Children with language disorders frequently experience problems with written language as well. |
True |
|
he ability to transfer written words into speech is A. phonology |
B. decoding |
|
Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing, and then reteaching as necessary are A. dynamic assessments |
A. dynamic assessments |
|
Many people who are deaf believe that deafness should not be considered a disability True |
true |
|
Which academic area is most affected by deafness? A. spelling |
C. reading |
|
Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information (such as facial expressions) to understand what is being said to them is A. speech reading |
A. speech reading |
|
It is not unusual for students with deafness to read at what grade level when they graduate from high school? A. first |
B. fourth |
|
The focus of early intervention for children with hearing impairments is on A. social skills. |
B. language development |
|
According to its advocates of American Sign Language(ASL), a major advantage of ASL over signing English systems is that A. interpreters can easily sign in ASL while speaking in English. |
C. ASL provides a stronger knowledge base for developing literacy in English. |
|
Which one of the following best describes American Sign Language (ASL)? A. loosely structured group of gestures |
C. language with its own grammatical rules |
|
A particularly controversial point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that
A. children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing |
A. children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing |
|
The most important organ for hearing is the A. cerumen. |
D. cochlea |
|
From the physiological perspective, the distinction between ʺdeafʺ and ʺhard of hearingʺ is based on
A. decibels levels detected. |
A. decibels levels detected. |
|
The earlier a child experiences a hearing loss, the more difficulty he/she will have in developing spoken language. True |
True |
|
Sensorineural impairments are caused by problems in the A. oval window. |
C. Inner Ear |
|
Elise has a hearing loss that occurred during childhood. Her loss is best described as A. congenital. |
C. adventitious |
|
People who say that deafness should not be considered a disability argue that A. there is a difference between prelingual and postlingual deafness |
B. they should be considered a cultural minority with a language of their own. |
|
The ʺspeech reception thresholdʺ is best defined as the A. dB level at which one can understand speech. |
A. dB level at which one can understand speech. |
|
The total communication approach utilizes A. Braille and manual communication. |
D. oral and manual communication |
|
In recent years, many parents and professionals have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because A. it creates too much work for the regular teacher |
C. it reduces their opportunity to participate in the signing community. |
|
When assessing the intellectual abilities of students with deafness, it is best to use which type of test?
A. performance |
A. performance |
|
The ossicles function to create A. increased sense of balance. |
C. transfer of energy from the middle to the inner ear. |
|
Children who are deaf reach language development milestones in sign later than hearing children do in spoken language. True |
False |
|
The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of A. color perception and visual acuity. |
C. visual acuity and field of vision. |
|
When guiding a person who is blind, you should A. take his or her arm and push him/her ahead of you |
B. let the person take your arm and walk slightly behind you |
|
Blindness occurs most often in
A. adulthood. |
A. adulthood |
|
People who are blind have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles True |
False |
|
Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of A. inherent personality problems. |
B. societyʹs reaction to people who are blind |
|
The condition that results when the cornea or lens of the eye is irregular resulting in blurred vision is known as A. myopia |
C. astigmatism |
|
A long cane is generally preferred over a guide dog as a mobility aid for a child with blindness. True |
true |
|
Itinerant teachers are more likely to be used in the area of visual impairment than in other areas of disability primarily because A. most classroom modifications are a matter of common sense |
B. blindness is a low prevalence condition |
|
The structure in the eye which refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the
A. lens. |
A. lens. |
|
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is caused by
A. premature birth. |
B. excessive oxygen given to infants at birth |
|
According to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), braille services and instruction must be made available unless all members of an individualized education program (IEP) agree that braille should not be used. True |
True |
|
In general, people who are blind A. have superior musical ability. |
C. make better use of acuity in their other senses. |
|
When walking, Lisa, an eighteen-year-old with blindness, has learned to attend to the subtle changes in pitch of echoes from objects as she moves towards them. Which phenomenon is responsible for these changes? A. obstacle sense |
B. Doppler effect |
|
Which educational consideration requiring special modifications for students with little or no sight refers to a skill needed more for everyday living than for academics? A. Braille |
D. mobility training |
|
Adults who are blind are employed at about half the rate of those who are sighted True |
True |
|
The retina is A. the contractile opening in the middle of the iris. |
C. the back portion of the eye containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve |
|
A skill used by people who are blind to aid them in acquiring mobility is A. sequential mapping B. spatial ability. C. Doppler effect. D. tactual perception. |
B. spatial ability. |
|
The majority of people who are legally blind have some useful vision. True |
True |
|
David has myopia. Another term for this condition is
A. nearsightedness |
A. nearsightedness |
|
Repetitive movements such as rocking, rubbing the eyes, and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as A. blindisms. B. redundant behavior |
C. stereotypic behavior |
|
Brain damage caused by internal compression, stretching, or other shearing motion of neural tissues within the head is due to A. open head injuries |
C. closed head injuries |
|
Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in social closeness, or manage social etiquette is A. facilitated communication |
B. augmentative or alternative communication |
|
The effects of TBI are always severe and permanent. True |
False |
|
After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is A. assaults |
C. vehicular accidents |
|
An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa, resulting in night blindness and tunnel vision is
A. Usher syndrome. |
A. Usher syndrome. |
|
The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called A. positive behavioral support. |
B. functional behavioral assessment |
|
The greatest complicating factor in most students’ return to school following TBI is A. social skills |
D. language or speech disorders |
|
In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two priniciples that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are A. incidental learning and structured routines |
B. direct instruction and structured routines |
|
Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are A. hand-under-hand guidance |
B. touch cues |
|
An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is
A. assistance cards |
A. assistance cards |
|
A type of augmentative or alternative communication that requires someone else to physically assist the intended communicator that appears to have been discredited by research is A. falsified communication |
D. facilitated communication |
|
With intensive instruction, many persons with severe and multiple disabilities are able to live independently or semi-independently True |
True |
|
Repeated physical self-abuse, such as biting, scratching, or poking oneself, head banging, and so in is called A. self-torture |
B. self-injurious behavior |
|
Madeline’s mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Madeline threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming. Madeline’s mom put the bear away herself, telling Madeline, "O.K., O.K., calm down." Madeline quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing. Which statement is true? A. The mother’s behavior makes future tantrums less likely |
B. the mother’s behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior |
|
The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called A. positive behavioral support |
B. functional behavioral assessment |
|
Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is A. self-help skills |
D. communication. |
|
The term deaf-blindness includes those with a combination of low vision and mild hearing impairments True |
True |
|
The process of identifying alternative, acceptable ways to communicate through teaching more appropriate behaviors and/or changing the environment to reduce the likelihood of prompting the undesirable behavior is A. positive behavioral support |
A. positive behavioral support |
|
Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioral support? A. Typically, one factor alone is responsible for the presence of specific behavior |
B. each behavior carries a communicative intent |
|
Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation is A. self-mutilation |
C. self-stimulation |
|
Muscles that are floppy or lack tone are known as A. atonic. |
A. atonic. |
|
Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as A. primary characteristics |
B. congenital anomalies |
|
In most students with orthopedic or musculoskeletal disorders, intelligence is unaffected. True |
True |
|
A condition that is incurable is A. progressive |
C. Chronic |
|
Impairments that are the result of injury to the brain that also affect the ability to move parts of one’s body are A. neurological impairments |
D. neuromotor impairments |
|
Cerebral palsy is classified by A. the limbs involved and type of motor disability |
A. the limbs involved and type of motor disability |
|
The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is
A. almost always in the range of mental retardation |
D. difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception, movement, or response speed |
|
The quality of life of children with epilepsy is A. significantly lower than that of children with other disabilities |
C. related to the same risk factors that affect quality of life for others with disabilities |
|
The extent of the paralysis in spina bifida depends on A. the stage of development during which it occurs |
D. the location of the spinal cord defect |
|
Fetal alcohol syndrome, caused by the motherʹs use of alcohol during pregnancy, is one of the most common syndromes involving A. muscular dystrophy and learning disabilities |
B. congenital malformations and intellectual disability |
|
When a childʹs nervous system is damaged, no matter what the cause, which of the following is almost always one of the symptoms? A. muscular weakness or paralysis |
A. muscular weakness or paralysis |
|
Tim has a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers. His condition is A. muscular dystrophy |
A. muscular dystrophy |
|
A teacher who fails to report child abuse or neglect may be held legally liable. True |
True |
|
Rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially debilitating disease that A. causes rapid deterioration of muscle tissue |
B. is characterized by pain in and around the joints and muscles |
|
A lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing is A. allergies |
C. asthma |
|
Which of the following statements about AIDs is true? A. it only makes one susceptible to fatal infections |
D. with reasonable procedures, there is no serious chance for transmission of AIDs in the classroom |
|
Which statement about phenylketonuria (PKU) is true? A. it only causes intellectual disabilities |
C. it requires a life-long special diet for treatment |
|
Jim has an artificial leg. This is an example of A. orthosis |
B. prosthesis |
|
For children with most physical disabilities and other health impairments, a common cause of academic difficulties is A. discrimination and prejudice. |
B. erratic school attendance |
|
In general, academic achievement of children with physical disabilities is below that of their nondisabled peers True |
False |
|
Prereferral teams serve all of the following purposes EXCEPT A. developing IEPs for all students who need them. |
A. developing IEPs for all students who need them. |
|
Response to intervention (RTI) A. has implications only for those with learning disabilities. |
C. can be applied to social behavior and academic learning. |
|
Frequent measures that provide information on whether a student is learning as expected are A. outcome measures. |
C. progress monitoring assessments. |
|
Each of the following components must be included on an individualized education program (IEP) EXCEPT A. annual goals. |
C. student’s IQ score. |
|
Each of the following people is typically on an IEP team EXCEPT A. a parent or guardian. |
D. a special education lawyer. |
|
The special education intervention that requires the least specialized environment is A. consultation by a special educator. |
D. instruction by a regular classroom teacher |
|
Leslie is enrolled in a regular classroom, but works with a special education teacher in a special education classroom for an hour a day. What type of special education services does Leslie receive? A. She receives itinerant services. |
B. She receives resource services. |
|
Homebound instruction is most often utilized for students who have A. a visual impairment. |
B. physical disabilities. |
|
Estella has a learning disability. Her primary placement is most likely a A. self-contained special education class. |
B. regular classroom. |
|
Nationwide, what percentage of students with disabilities is educated primarily in regular classrooms? A. less than 5 |
D. more than 50 |
|
Bill is a student with low vision. His teacher provides him with a set of large-type notes at the beginning of each lecture. This is an example of
A. accommodation. |
A. accommodation. |
|
When teachers provide choices of activities on a single topic that vary in difficulty, they are using A. watered-down curriculum. |
D. tiered assignments |
|
A student who performs or behaves poorly in school and appears likely to fail or fall short of his or her potential is
A. at risk. |
A. at risk. |
|
All teachers should expect to participate in educating students with disabilities. Which one of the following responsibilities is a regular classroom teacher LEAST likely to have? A. evaluating academic abilities |
B. managing serious behavior problems |
|
Which of the following is an expectation for general education teachers? A. knowledge of special education law |
D. participating in writing individualized education programs |
|
Ms. Smith, a second grade teacher, has concerns about Bruce’s progress in math. Before she makes a referral for special education, she should A. discuss her concerns with Bruce. |
C. discuss her concerns with Bruce’s parents. |
|
Before making a referral for special education, a general education classroom teacher should do all of the following EXCEPT
A. modify or adapt the student’s instructional program. |
D. administer diagnostic tests. |
|
What makes special education "special" is A. instruction that it alone uses. |
C. instruction that is altered to meet the needs of exceptional learners. |
|
Research evidence suggests that response to intervention is more effective than prereferral teams at reducing the number of students referred for special education. True |
False |
|
The individualized education program (IEP) is not required to be a written statement; however, the parents must agree to the teacher’s plans before the student is enrolled. True |
False |
|
Which one of the following best describes the purpose of multicultural education? A. It provides equal educational opportunities to all students B. It provides bilingual education for non-English speakers. C. It involves parents in their child’s education. D. It teaches children of ethnic minorities about their ancestors. |
A. It provides equal educational opportunities to all students |
|
Critics of multicultural education claim that it
A. erodes the moral foundation of society. |
D. all of the above |
|
Which two issues particularly complicate teaching about cultures and engendering an acceptance of cultural diversity? A. deciding which cultures best illustrate the concepts of universality of cultural pride and shame |
C. deciding which cultures should be included and how to teach about them |
|
Assuming that one’s cultural identity is sufficient to explain academic achievement or economic success is a form of
A. stereotyping. |
A. stereotyping. |
|
The two primary objectives of multicultural special education are
A. promoting understanding of exceptionality as a microculture and ensuring that exceptionality is included in the multicultural curriculum. |
B. ensuring that ethnicity is not mistaken for exceptionality and increasing understanding of disability as a microculture. |
|
An example of a disability with a highly organized subculture is
A. deafness. |
A. deafness. |
|
Which one of the following best describes assessment of the instructional environment? A. examination to determine the adequacy of classroom space and layout |
C. investigation of what is being taught and how it is being taught |
|
When identifying students in need of special education, professionals must make sure the student is not mistakenly identified as the source of the learning problem. A recommended strategy for this purpose is to A. include assessment of the instructional environment. |
A. include assessment of the instructional environment. |
|
There is a dilemma in choosing either to ignore or recognize differences because A. all cultural differences have both advantages and disadvantages, making it difficult to predict how those differences will affect the individual |
B. either choice can perpetuate inequality for members of a subculture |
|
Afrocentric instruction is best described as instruction that A. develops convergent rather than divergent thinking |
C. highlights African culture and modes of teaching and learning. |
|
The rationale underlying African-American immersion schools is that A. with increased achievement, African-American students will achieve true integration |
A. with increased achievement, African-American students will achieve true integration |
|
Tolerance is best described as
A. an appreciation and valuing of difference |
A. an appreciation and valuing of difference |
|
A technique in which the teacher assists the student in learning a task and then phases out help as the student learns to use the strategy independently is called A. hand-over-hand instruction |
B. scaffolded instruction |
|
Tactics that aid memory, such as rhymes or images, are called A. visual organizers |
D. mnemonics |
|
A viable multicultural curriculum cannot be created and handed out to teachers because
A. they must be involved in the process because their values, perspectives, and teaching styles affect what is taught and how it is taught. |
A. they must be involved in the process because their values, perspectives, and teaching styles affect what is taught and how it is taught. |
|
A recommended technique of breaking down prejudice and encouraging positive interactions among students with different characteristics is A. direct instruction |
D. cooperative learning |
|
The primary purpose of multicultural education is to teach children of ethnic minorities about their history and the intellectual, social, and artistic contributions of their ancestors True |
False |
|
An individual can be a member of many subcultures. True |
True |
|
Most professionals agree that multicultural education should consider only subcultures identified by ethnicity, not those identified by gender, sexual preference or disability True |
False |
|
Some ethnic minorities are under-represented in special education True |
True |
|
When dealing with the public, one of the most difficult things that parents are likely to face is A. the inappropriate responses of their children to others. |
D. inappropriate responses of others to their children with disabilities |
|
Most family intervention programs today are based on professional-centered models. True |
False |
|
In the not too distant past, many professionals believed that parents were A. unwilling to spend time working with their child. |
B. to blame for their child’s problems. |
|
Unlike the past, many professionals now view early intervention as an opportunity to A. teach parents how to teach their child |
D. support the natural parent-child relationship. |
|
The prevalence of feelings of guilt is probably due to A. stranger’s stares and comments |
B. the fact that the cause of so many disabilities is unknown |
|
In dealing with the feelings of a child with a disability, parents should A. assure the child that he or she is no different from others and their disability doesn’t matter. |
B. respond honestly to specific questions asked by the child. |
|
Parents are often the first to notice that something is wrong with their child True |
True |
|
The degree to which families are able to change their modes of interaction when they encounter unusual or stressful situations refers to A. acceptance |
C. adaptability |
|
It may be particularly difficult for a child to develop positive attitudes toward a sibling with a disability if A. they live in a single-parent household. |
D. they are close in age. |
|
Families of a child with a disability tend to experience most stress during A. infancy to age five. |
C. transitions |
|
The family systems approach emphasizes A. the effects of the environment on the family |
B. interrelationships among the family and other social systems |
|
The degree to which an individual family member is free to act independently of other family members is A. adaptability. |
D. cohesion. |
|
Young siblings of a child with a disability are likely to A. have the opposite reaction as their parents |
D. have a more difficult time coping with their feelings than their parents |
|
One person having the authority, granted by the courts, to make decisions for another person is A. paternalism |
B. guardianship. |
|
It is suggested that social support be integrated with positive behavioral support specifically in the case of children with
A. physical disabilities |
C. emotional of behavioral disorders. |
|
In families of a child with a disability, parental stress is usually the result of A. daily burdens related to child care |
A. daily burdens related to child care |
|
Which approach considers how the impact of a child with a disability on the family changes over time? A. family-centered perspective |
B. life cycle perspective |
|
Which one of the following is regarded by some parents as a positive effect of having a child with a disability? A. entitles the family to financial benefits |
B. causes family members to be more tolerant of others |
|
Families with a high level of cohesion may limit their child’s independence True |
True |
|
Carol and Ed Johnson have three children: Tony, age 15; Mark, age 12; and Sarah, age 10. Tony, who is about to enter high school, has Down syndrome. He currently attends a regular middle school where he is in a self-contained special education program for most of the day. Tony’s speech is difficult to understand so he uses a combination of speech and manual signs to communicate. He has a variety of physical problems, including a congenital heart defect and visual impairment. Academically, his skills are at the kindergarten to first grade level. Tony and Mark attend the same middle school and Mark sometimes rides the special education bus with Tony. Both Carol and Ed work full-time. Although she could earn more money working in a hospital or in a physicians office, Carol works as a school nurse so she can be home after school with Tony; the community does not have after-school programs for middle school students. For Ed and Carol, parental stress is most likely the result of A. Tony’s medical needs B. daily burdens related to Tony’s care C. Mark and Sarah’s resentment of Tony D. demands placed by the school with respect to Tony’s program |
B. daily burdens related to Tony’s care |
|
Determining the consequences, antecedents, and setting events that maintain inappropriate behavior is called A. functional analysis |
D. functional behavioral assessment. |
|
Which one of the following components is part of the most recent American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition of intellectual disabilities?
A. significant limitations in intellectual functioning |
A. significant limitations in intellectual functioning |
|
Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an A. environmental hazard |
A. environmental hazard |
|
In recent years, the percentage of cases in which the cause of intellectual disabilities is known has dramatically increased due to A. better assessment practices by teachers. |
B. the mapping of the human genetic code |
|
Many authorities say that adaptive behavior consists of
A. social intelligence and practical intelligence |
A. social intelligence and practical intelligence |
|
Causes of intellectual disabilities that occur before the birth of the child are categorized as A. perinatal. |
C. prenatal |
|
The likelihood of having a child with Down syndrome increases significantly with
A. the age of the mother |
A. the age of the mother |
|
All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital: A. Fragile X syndrome |
B. phenylketonuria |
|
The classification system that most school systems use to describe levels of intellectual disabilities is based on A. an estimate of educability. |
B. IQ score |
|
A surgically placed shunt that drains excess fluid away from the brain is used to treat A. microcephalus |
D. hydrocephalus |
|
A personʹs awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is A. self-regulation. |
A. self-regulation. |
|
Intellectual disabilities that occur at the time of birth are A. prenatal ID. |
B. perinatal ID |
|
In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of A. community living |
C. daily living skills |
|
An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is A. syphilis |
C. meningitis. |
|
Most authorities now hold that the critical determinants of intelligence are both
A. nature and genetics. |
C. nature and experience |
|
The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is
A. working memory |
A. working memory |
|
Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is A. self-deception |
B. gullibility. |
|
The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is
A. Fragile X syndrome |
A. Fragile X syndrome |
|
A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a A. genetic syndrome |
C. behavioral phenotype |
|
Testing that usually involves giving students a small sample of items from the curriculum in use is A. curriculum-designed measurement. |
A. curriculum-designed measurement |
|
One of the major advantages of the response to intervention method of identifying learning disabilities is that A. it is easy to implement. |
C. it ensures that a studentʹs low achievement is not simply due to ineffective instruction |
|
Dyslexia refers to a severe impairment in the ability to
A. read. |
A. read. |
|
The most commonly used definition of learning disabilities is that endorsed by A. AAIDD |
D. the federal government |
|
Over the years, evidence has accumulated showing that learning disabilities A. manifest themselves prior to age three |
C. can be inherited. |
|
Agents that can cause malformations or defects in a developing fetus are called A. toxinogens. |
C. teratogens |
|
Definitions used to make eligibility and classification decisions related to learning disabilities traditionally include which one of the following factors?
A. IQ-achievement discrepancy |
A. IQ-achievement discrepancy |
|
Boys outnumber girls by about two to one in the learning disability category. True |
False |
|
Which of the following statements about teachers of students with learning disabilities is true? A. They have knowledge and skills about learning that apply only at remedial levels. |
D. They have knowledge and skills about learning that can be used across content areas. |
|
A tendency to reverse letters when writing may be due to problems in A. auditory perception. |
C. visual perception |
|
By definition, every student with learning disabilities has A. academic problems. |
A. academic problems. |
|
In the response to intervention (RTI) model with tiers of intervention, curriculum-based measurement is part of A. primary prevention |
A. primary prevention |
|
Which one of the following problems best illustrates difficulty in metacognition?
A. Oscar neglects to slow down when reading a difficult passage |
A. Oscar neglects to slow down when reading a difficult passage |
|
A method in which assistance is provided to students when they are first learning tasks, then gradually reduced until the students do the tasks independently is
A. scaffolded instruction |
A. scaffolded instruction |
|
Brianna is a junior in high school who has a learning disability and an external locus of control. When she succeeds on a homework assignment in math, she is most likely to attribute her success to A. intelligence |
C. help from others |
|
Making students aware of the stages of problem-solving tasks while they are performing them and bringing behavior under verbal control is A. reciprocal teaching |
B. self-instruction |
|
The ability to understand the rules of how sounds combine to make up words is A. phonological awareness |
B. phonemic awareness |
|
A method involving breaking down academic problems into their component parts that can be taught separately and then combined is called
A. task analysis. |
A. task analysis. |
|
The resource room is the most popular placement for students with learning disabilities True |
False |
|
Which poses the most difficulty for most children with learning disabilities?
A. reading |
A. reading |
|
IQ and achievement are the best predictors of adult success for people with learning disabilities True |
False |
|
Mike has exhibited the following symptoms for more than a year at home and in school: difficulty organizing tasks, avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort, easily distracted by external stimuli, forgetful of daily activities, often makes careless mistakes, and does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. The type of ADHD Mike has is probably A. predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type |
B. predominantly inattentive type. |
|
The tendency to repeat the same behaviors over and over again is called A. redundancy. |
D. perseveration |
|
Which of the following is a method to assess a personʹs performance on a task requiring sustained attention? A. Conners scale |
B. continuous performance test |
|
Which characteristic do some authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD?
A. behavioral inhibition |
A. behavioral inhibition |
|
Part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate oneʹs own behavior is the A. basal ganglia |
D. frontal lobes |
|
Students with ADHD receive special education services under IDEA in which category?
A. other health impaired |
A. other health impaired |
|
Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is true? A. There is evidence of tissue damage in areas of the brain in people with ADHD |
D. Some areas are smaller in people with ADHD compared to those without disabilities |
|
In contingency-based self-management, the ʺcontingencyʺ is usually a type of A. punishment |
B. reward |
|
The ability to withhold a planned response; to interrupt a response that has been started; to protect an ongoing activity from interfering activities; and to delay a response refers to A. self control. |
C. behavioral inhibition |
|
Abilities needed to be successful in one’s living environment (e.g., communication, self-care, social skills, and leisure) are called A. life skills. |
C. adaptive skills. |
|
Most students with ADHD spend most of their time in which of the following settings? A. special day school |
D. general education classroom |
|
A behavioral recording system that allows a teacher to conduct brief observations and collect data on a specific set of behaviors is
A. momentary time sampling. |
A. momentary time sampling. |
|
A teaching model that includes content instruction by one teacher to a large group of students and remedial or supplementary instruction by the other teacher to a small group of students is
A. alternative teaching. |
A. alternative teaching. |
|
The behavior of one student is tied to the outcome of the whole group in a A. group consequence model. |
B. group contingency model |
|
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the most effective treatment for ADHD is A. medication management |
B. combined medication management and behavioral treatment |
|
Diagnosis of young children with ADHD is particularly difficult because A. there is no funding to do assessment in preschool |
D. many preschoolers without ADHD exhibit a great deal of activity and impulsivity. |
|
The best "test" for ADHD in adults is A. referrals from past teachers |
D. the person’s life and medical history. |
|
The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are A. depressants |
D. psychostimulants |
|
Behavioral changes in students with ADHD are much more likely to occur in special education than in general education classrooms. True |
True |
|
Studies have shown that positive behavioral changes in students with ADHD are much more likely to occur in
A. general education settings. |
A. general education settings |
|
The most obvious problem of children with E/BD is A. imaginary friendships |
C. lack of close emotional ties |
|
The term used in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that has been criticized as inappropriate is A. emotionally disturbed B. severe behavioral disorder C. emotional or behavioral disturbance D. serious emotional disturbance |
A. emotionally disturbed |
|
In the majority of cases, the cause of E/BD is A. biological |
C. unknown |
|
Which one of the following features is common to most definitions of E/BD? A. behavior that is sometimes normal and sometimes deviant |
D. socially unacceptable behavior |
|
Some states and localities interpret maladjustment as
A. conduct disorder |
A. conduct disorder |
|
Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are A. externalizing and internalizing B. withdrawal and disinterest C. exterior and interior D. hostility and aggression |
A. externalizing and internalizing |
|
Comorbidity in persons with E/BD is
A. not unusual |
A. not unusual |
|
Professionals believe that children with E/BD are presently underserved. By this, they mean that A. special education interventions are not intense enough to meet the needs of most children with E/BD |
B. only a small percentage of students with E/Bd are presently identified as such by schools |
|
On standardized achievement tests, most students with E/BD perform A. at grade level |
D. below grade level |
|
Many social learning theorists and behavioral psychologists believe that aggression is A. caused by an overwhelming sense of frustration |
D. a learned behavior |
|
To maximize their effectiveness, programs for students with E/BD should provide a balance between A. behavioral control and academic/social instruction. B. academic/social instruction and vocational training C. psychological therapy and academic/social instruction. D. individualized instruction and behavioral control |
A. behavioral control and academic/social instruction. |
|
Behavioral psychologists tend to attribute withdrawal and immaturity to B. unconscious motivations C. conscious motivations D. failures in social learning |
D. failures in social learning |
|
All credible conceptual models of education have two objectives. They are A. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills B. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic skills C. teaching academic and social skills D. controlling misbehavior and teaching social skills |
A. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills |
|
The most common problems exhibited by children with E/BD are A. withdrawn behaviors. B. attention deficit disorders C. impulsive behaviors |
D. conduct disorders. |
|
The placement of individuals with E/BD in the general education classroom is secondary to A. the least restrictive environment (LRE). |
C. the need for appropriate education and safety |
|
The trend today in placement of children with E/BD is away from special facilities and toward A. educational, hospital settings |
C. inclusion in regular public schools |
|
Two methods frequently employed to monitor behavioral progress are A. curriculum-based measurement and standardized assessment |
C. rating scales and direct observation. |
|
The federal definition of E/BD has been most widely criticized for its exclusion of children with A. autism B. schizophrenia C. social maladjustment D. attention deficit disorder |
C. social maladjustment |
|
Despite problems in defining E/BD, most children with severe E/BD are easily recognized because A. teachers are trained in the use of behavior rating scales B. systematic screening procedures are used in most schools. C. their behavior attracts immediate attention D. most schools have psychologists on-site. |
C. their behavior attracts immediate attention |
|
The authors of the textbook stress the importance of integrated services for students with E/BD. By this, they mean that A. subject areas within the curriculum should not be taught in isolation from each other B. students with E/BD should be fully included in regular classrooms. C. schools, families, and community agencies should cooperate to meet studentsʹ needs. D. therapy should occur in school within the context of the studentʹs academic program |
C. schools, families, and community agencies should cooperate to meet studentsʹ needs |
|
The words "autistic" and "autism" come from the Greek word autos, meaning A. cars B. withdrawn C. others |
D. self |
|
One characteristic that distinguished children studied by Kanner was A. an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner B. a need to be picked up or held by parents C. surprisingly normal language development D. an extreme dislike of repetition |
A. an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner |
|
Asperger identified children who had A. average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas B. above average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas C. below average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas D. below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent, psychotic behavior |
A. average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas |
|
Someone who exhibits echolalia would A. reverse pronouns B. parrot what he or she hears C. sound robotic when speaking D. speak too loudly |
B. parrot what he or she hears |
|
Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT A. a widening of the criteria used for diagnosis B. a greater awareness of autism in general C. widespread use of vaccinations for babies D. "diagnostic substitution" (diagnosing with austism rather than intellectual disability) |
C. widespread use of vaccinations for babies |
|
The disorder that is much more prevalent in females than males is A. Asperger syndrome B. Rett syndrome C. childhood disintegrative disorder D. pervasive developmental disorder |
B. Rett syndrome |
|
Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism? A. warmhearted moms B. refrigerator moms C. coldhearted moms D. neglectful moms |
B. refrigerator moms |
|
Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism suggest that for many A. their brains are larger than average at birth B. their brains increase in size after about five years C. their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life D. their brains reach maximum size around age two or three years |
C. their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life |
|
Autism is relatively easy to diagnose because A. there is a metabolic test that can be performed |
D. the behavioral symptoms are so severe and striking |
|
A condition characterized by normal development for at least 2 and up to 10 years, followed by a significant loss of skills is A. Asperger syndrome |
C. childhood disintegrative disorder |
|
Children with autism have impaired communication; as many as 50 percent are thought to A. be mute B. lack communicative intent C. display stereotypic behavior D. exhibit echolalia |
A. be mute |
|
Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (though he is not interested in performing for other people). Which term best describes Jeremy? A. Asperger syndrome B. Rett syndrome C. autistic savant D. autistic genuis |
C. autistic savant |
|
A person whose sensory perceptions are so abnormal that he or she could appear to be deaf or blind would be A. hyporesponsive B. hyperresponsive C. overresponsive D. hypersensitive |
A. hyporesponsive |
|
The natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts is A. lateral coherence B. central coherence C. lateral adherence D. central synthesis |
B. central coherence |
|
Jean is a young woman with Asperger syndrome. Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer. Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness, but did not offer condolences, nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker. Jean’s inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to A. theory of central coherence B. theory of empathy C. theory of mind D. theory of executive functioning |
C. theory of mind |
|
Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors. The purposes the behaviors serve for a person are A. antecedents B. setting events C. consequences D. motivations |
C. consequences |
|
Two strategies for teaching social skills to students with Asperger syndrome that have been relatively successful are A. social interpreting and coaching B. peer tutoring and counseling C. collaborative grouping and peer response D. social skills films and lectures |
A. social interpreting and coaching |
|
What is currently the most popular placement for students with autism A. self-contained classroom B. separate schools C. resource rooms D. general education classrooms |
A. self-contained classroom |
|
Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are A. progress in academic skills and functional skills B. progress in academic skills and social/adaptive behavior C. progress in language development and functional skills D. progress in language development and social/adaptive behavior |
D. progress in language development and social/adaptive behavior |
|
Planning for transition to adulthood for people with Asperger syndrome is largely concerned with issues of A. supported living B. competitive employment C. residential placement D. social interaction |
D. social interaction |
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