|
San Francisco |
The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage. |
|
elastic rebound |
The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake is termed ________. |
|
crust and uppermost mantle. rigid outer layer. |
The lithosphere is defined as ________. |
|
… |
Which one of the following statements is correct? |
|
They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths |
Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis? |
|
Upper mantle below lithosphere |
The asthenosphere is located ________. |
|
12 |
________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale. |
|
Basalt |
The average composition of the oceanic crust is thought to approximate that of ________. |
|
design of structures, intensity and duration of vibrations and nature of the surface material |
The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________. |
|
Granite |
The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of ________. |
|
Aftershocks |
Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________. |
|
seismic waves |
Most of our knowledge about Earth’s interior comes from ________. |
|
Seismograph |
The instrument that records earthquake events is termed a ________. |
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True |
The crust and mantle are solids; the inner core is thought to be solid. |
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surface waves |
Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive. |
|
True |
Oceanic crust is mainly basaltic in composition; the mantle is more like the igneous rock peridotite in chemical composition. |
|
Epicenter |
The position on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________. |
|
Weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions |
The Earth’s magnetic field originates by ________. |
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Reid; San Francisco earthquake |
The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by ________ following the ________ earthquake |
|
primary waves |
________ have the highest velocities. |
|
surface waves |
On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes. |
|
Seismogram |
The record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument is a(n) ________. |
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True |
The time between the first P-wave and S-wave arrivals is a measure of the distance from a receiving station to the epicenter of the earthquake. |
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True |
Tsunamis are caused by sudden displacement of large volumes of seawater. |
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True |
The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus. |
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False |
S waves can travel through solid and liquid media. |
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True |
The Richter earthquake magnitude scale is based on the total amount of energy released by the earthquake |
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True |
Earthquakes result from the sudden release of elastic strain energy previously stored in rocks surrounding a zone of fault movement |
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False |
The mantle is composed mainly of metallic iron with small amounts of magnesium silicate minerals. |
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False |
Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation materials for buildings and other structures |
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