Chapter 26 Mastering Microbiology

Al Capone contracted syphilis in his youth. By the time he was imprisoned in Alcatraz, he was suffering from syphilis-induced confusion and disorientation. What stage of syphilis did Mr. Capone have at this time?

tertiary
primary
secondary
impossible to know based on the information given

tertiary

Which of the following is true of the latent stage of syphilis infection?

It is characterized by a chancre.
It may revert to primary syphilis.
It is characterized by a body-wide rash.
It may never progress to tertiary syphilis.

It may never progress to tertiary syphilis.

Which of the following terms does NOT describe syphilis?

infectious
fastidious
spirochete
attenuated

attenuated

Which type of infection can result in infertility?

ophthalmia neonatorum
salpingitis
leptospirosis
bacterial vaginosis

salpingitis

Which of the following is associated with secondary stage syphilis?

personality changes and seizures
a chancre
weakening of the aorta
skin rashes of varying appearance

skin rashes of varying appearance

Which of the following statements concerning viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is true?

Individuals infected with herpesviruses are contagious only if a lesion is present.
The viral infections that cause genital warts and herpes can be treated but not cured.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes only oral herpes.
The serotypes of human papillomaviruses that cause cancer are the same serotypes that cause large, visible warts.

The viral infections that cause genital warts and herpes can be treated but not cured.

A patient presents with a fever and flank pain. Microscopic analysis of the urine reveals bacteria at a concentration above 10,000 colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter. You perform a leukocyte esterase (LE) test, and it is positive. What is the diagnosis?

pyelonephritis
genital herpes
cystitis
leptospirosis

pyelonephritis

Which statement regarding normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems is true?

The male urethra is usually highly contaminated with microbes.
Normal urine has a high level of normal, nonpathogenic microbes.
Pregnancy and menopause are associated with higher rates of urinary tract infections.
Candida albicans is the predominant bacterium in the vagina.

Pregnancy and menopause are associated with higher rates of urinary tract infections.

Which disease or microbe is NOT transmitted across the placenta to the unborn fetus?

neonatal herpes
toxoplasmosis
ophthalmia neonatorum
congenital syphilis

ophthalmia neonatorum

Only HSV-2 can cause genital herpes.

True
False

False

Genital candidiasis is a disease that only affects women.

True
False

False

A microbe that enters the vagina would likely cause cystitis if left untreated.

True
False

False

Anatomically, women have more portals of entry in the reproductive system compared to men.

True
False

True

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which of the following is probable?

NGU
genital herpes
candidiasis
gonorrhea
syphilis

genital herpes

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which treatment is appropriate?

acyclovir
surgery
metronidazole
penicillin
miconazole

acyclovir

A 25-year-old male presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. This disease can be treated with

surgery.
metronidazole.
penicillin.
acyclovir.
miconazole.

penicillin.

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. What stage of disease is the patient in?

primary
tertiary
secondary
NGU

secondary

25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the following causative agents is most likely to cause these symptoms?

Candida
HPV
HSV-2
Nesseria
Treponema

Treponema

A patient is experiencing profuse greenish-yellow, foul-smelling discharge from her vagina. She is complaining of itching and irritation. What is the most likely treatment?

acyclovir
metronidazole
miconazole
cephalosporins
No treatment is available.

metronidazole

A patient presents with fever and extensive lesions of the labia minora. Her VDRL test was negative. What is the most likely treatment?

metronidazole
miconazole
cephalosporins
acyclovir
No treatment is available.

acyclovir

Which of the following is greater?

the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year
the number of reported cases of AIDS last year
The number of reported cases of gonorrhea and AIDS are likely equal.

the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year

Infants born to asymptomatic mothers with recurrent genital herpes are less likely to acquire herpesvirus at birth than infants born to newly infected mothers because

maternal antibodies offer protection.
the virus is not growing.
prophylactic antibiotics are administered to the newborn.
the disease is not communicable.
the disease cannot be transmitted to newborns.

maternal antibodies offer protection.

The most common NGU in the United States is treated with

penicillin.
doxycycline.
acyclovir.
cephalosporins.
AZT.

cephalosporins.

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE?

It is treated by removing them.
It is caused by papillomaviruses.
It is always precancerous.
It is transmitted by direct contact.
It can lead to cervical cancer in women

It is always precancerous.

Which of the following diseases causes a skin rash, hair loss, malaise, and fever?

syphilis
NGU
trichomoniasis
genital herpes
gonorrhea

syphilis

Which of the following is caused by Chlamydia?

lymphogranuloma venereum
genital herpes
trichomoniasis
candidiasis
Gardnerella vaginosis

lymphogranuloma venereum

Recurring vesicles on the surface of human skin are symptoms of

trichomoniasis.
candidiasis.
Gardnerella vaginosis.
lymphogranuloma venereum.
genital herpes.

genital herpes.

Vaginal itching and cheesy discharge are symptoms of

candidiasis.
lymphogranuloma venereum.
Gardnerella vaginosis.
genital herpes.
trichomoniasis.

candidiasis.

Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea?

meningitis
endocarditis
pelvic inflammatory disease
arthritis
None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

The most common reportable disease in the United States is

cystitis.
gonorrhea.
lymphogranuloma venereum.
candidiasis.
syphilis.

gonorrhea.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factors to cystitis in females?

sexual intercourse
poor personal hygiene
the length of the urethra
the proximity of the anus to the urethra
None of the answers is correct; all of these are predisposing factors.

None of the answers is correct; all of these are predisposing factors.

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial feature of the urinary system?

flushing action of urine
pH of the urine
physiological valves found in the ureter
the use of the urethra for seminal fluid in women
None of the answers is correct; all of these are antimicrobial features of the urinary system.

the use of the urethra for seminal fluid in women

Most nosocomial infections of the urinary tract are caused by

Enterococcus.
Klebsiella.
Proteus.
Escherichia coli.
Pseudomonas.

Escherichia coli.

A urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder

is sterile.
contains fewer than 100 pathogens/ml.
has leukocyte esterase.
contains more than 100,000 pathogens/ml.
contains fewer than 10,000 pathogens/ml

is sterile.

One form of NGU is lymphogranuloma venereum caused by

Leptospira interrogans.
Treponema pallidum.
Candida albicans.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia trachomatis.

Which of the following is treated with penicillin?

trichomoniasis
genital herpes
candidiasis
genital warts
syphilis

syphilis

Pyelonephritis usually is caused by

Streptococcus pyogenes.
Proteus spp.
Escherichia coli.
Enterobacter aerogenes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Escherichia coli.

Cystitis is most often caused by

Leptospira interrogans.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Candida albicans.
Escherichia coli.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Escherichia coli.

Normal microbiota of the adult vagina consist primarily of

Candida.
Mycobacterium.
Lactobacillus.
Streptococcus.
Neisseria.

Lactobacillus.