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The kidneys filter the blood; it is necessary for plasma, both fluid and dissolved chemicals, to be rapidly removed from the blood without the removal of larger proteins or cells. Which capillary would be best suited for this filtration? |
fenestrated capillaries |
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Why is it important that blood pressure drop to lower levels as it reaches the capillary beds? |
because capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable |
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Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located? |
carotid sinus and aortic arch |
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If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)? |
increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity |
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Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? |
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system |
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Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? |
an increase in heart rate and contractility |
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A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? |
an increase in heart contractility |
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Which of the following will lower blood pressure? |
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) |
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In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. |
blood pressure |
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Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? |
34 mm Hg |
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The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. |
proteins in the blood |
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Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? |
net osmotic pressure |
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Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? |
venous |
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Varicose veins seen in the superficial veins of the legs are unsightly and often treated by surgically removing them. However, even without these veins being present, the return of all blood toward the heart from the legs is not diminished primarily because ______. |
blood can still return via the deep veins |
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Large diameter, thick-walled arteries that are close to the heart and act as pressure reservoirs would be __________. |
elastic arteries |
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Which type of vessel is most suited to expanding and recoiling in response to the ejection of blood from the heart? |
elastic artery |
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What type of vessel has a relatively large amount of smooth muscle compared to its elastic tissue? |
muscular artery |
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The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are __________. |
sinusoid capillaries |
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Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise? |
kidneys |
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