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The Triangle Shirtwaist brought |
much needed safety regulations |
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The word "Progressivism" came into common use around ________ as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement |
1910 |
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Why was "the city" the focus of Progressive politics? |
Urban populations experienced the most dramatic growth and most significant changes |
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Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement were known as _____________ |
Muckrakers |
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________________ was the writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act |
Upton Sinclair |
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During the Progressive era, new immigration from _______ and __________ Europe reached its peak |
eastern, southern |
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Progressive-era immigration was part of a larger process of worldwide migration set in motion by |
industrial expansion decline of traditional agriculture political turmoil widespread poverty in rural southern and eastern Europe and parts of Asia |
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Asian and Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century clustered in the West as ____________________ |
agricultural workers |
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Birds of passage were _____________ who planned on returning to their homeland |
immigrants |
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Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century lived in _________ |
close- knit communities |
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How did mass consumption in the Progressive era result in new consumer freedoms? |
Farmers in the heartland had more time and money to attend Nickelodeon shows. It allowed people access to washing machines and vacuums. |
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How did "nickelodeons" reflect a mass consumption society in the Progressive era? |
Nickelodeons offered a popular and less popular leisure experience for residents |
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During the Progressive era, growing numbers of ___________ worked in offices |
native born white women |
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Working owmen experienced new freedoms in the Progressive era because |
Young factory workers gained independence from the traditional rules of their fathers Employment opened up to married women |
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The term "Fordism" describes an economic system based on ________ and __________ |
mass production, mass consumption |
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The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of ________________________ |
a mateur consumer economy |
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Why did workers experience the introduciton of scientific management as a loss of freedom? |
Skilled workers have to obey detailed instruction in scientific management. They felt they lost freedom of expression. |
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Industrial freedom in the Progressive era meant a rise in ________ and a loss of _____________ for skilled workers |
union activism, personal atonomy |
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In the early twentieth century, the Socialist Party advocated for |
free college education legislation to improve conditions of laborers public ownership of railroads – aka government ownership Public ownership of factories |
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By 1912, the Socialist Party had elected scores of ________ |
local officials |
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Why did the Socialist Party gain significant political influence during the Progressive era? |
Jewish and other immigrant laborers across the country supported the progressive fight against economic exploitation of workers |
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The American Federation of Labor |
Represented skill workers Membership tripled by 1900 and 1904 Established pension plans for long-term workers Forged closer ties w/ corporate leaders to stablize employee relations |
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Why did Samuel Gompers seek to forge closer ties with forward-looking corporate leaders? |
He wanted to stabalize employer/employee relations |
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The Industial Workers of the World advocated for ______________ |
workers revolution |
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List 4 things that describe the 1912 textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts |
workers wanted something better out of life Response to a reduction in weekly wages children of workers publicly marched Strike settled on workers term |
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What brought about a new wave of sympathy for the plight of women in the garment industry in Lawrence, Massachusetts? |
The sight of the malnourished children evacuating from Lawrence shocked the public |
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The battle for free speech among workers in the early twentieth century was led by _______________________ |
industrial workers of the world (lww) |
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Feminism sought to attack the traditional roles of ________ for women |
sexual behavior |
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List 2 characteristics of the Progressive era’s birth-control movement |
Public lectures on sexual freedom and conception by activities such as Emma Goldman Distribution of birth control devices by Margaret Sanger |
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Why did Carlos Montezuma call for the abolition of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1916? |
The bureau failed to secure Indians self-determination |
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Why did progressive reformers think they had much to learn from the Old World? |
Germans had pioneered several measures of social legislation |
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List 4 statements about urban Progressives |
wanted to reform the structure of government sought to establish public control of gas and water works raises taxes to increase spending on schools and parks sought to improve public transportation |
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List 3 characteristics of the Oregon System |
included direct primary to choose candidates for political office developed by Oregon lawyer William U’Pen indicated initiative and referendum which allowed voting |
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List 4 reforms that were instituted by Robert La Follette, the Progressive governor of Wisconsin |
utilizing primary elections to select canidates taxing corporal wealth regulating railroads and utilities drawing on non-partisan university faculty |
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Electoral reform during the Progressive era actually limited many Americans _____________– |
the right to vote |
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What was the largest contradiction that plagued the ideas of the progressive reformers in the political process? |
They were trying to expand the electorate and shrink its size by limiting who could vote |
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After 1900, the campaign for women’s suffrage included both ______ and ___________ women. |
middle, working-class |
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In Muller v. Oregon, the United States Supreme Court argued that _________ were too weak to work _________ |
women, long hours |
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List 3 things that John Muir did |
lamented the intrusion on the natural environment called the forest God’s first temples He founded the Sierra Club |
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Why did businesses support the Pure Food and Drug Act? |
They understood that greater public confidence in the quality of products helped their sales |
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The Sixteenth Amendment authorized _______ to implement _____________ |
congress, a graduated income tax |
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Why were many American drawn to the Socialist party in the election of 1912? |
The parties proposal to nationalize railroads, banks, and provide an unemployment relief expressed the popular progressive thought |
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According to Theodore Roosevelt supporters, what issue made Woodrow Wilson appear like a relic of the past? |
Wilson was committed to programs that aided small businessmen and seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration |
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Jane Addams |
cofounded one of the first settlements, Hull House. Co-winner of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize |
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Henry Ford |
Founder of Ford Motors and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line |
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Eugene Debs |
A union leader, the founding member of the industrial workers of the world, Five times candidate for the Socialist President of the U.S. |
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Frederick Taylor |
American engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency |
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Margaret Sanger |
An American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Opened the first birth control clinic |
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Bill Haywood |
American radical who led the industrial workers of the World |
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Theodore Roosevelt |
26th President, the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York’s state legislature |
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Louis Brandeis |
American lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court |
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John Mitchell |
The attorney general of the United States under President Nixon |
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman |
American feminist, sociologist, novelists |
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New Freedom |
Collection of speeches Woodrow Wilson made during his presidential campaign of 1912 |
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Upton Sinclair |
American writer who wrote nearly 100 books, won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction |
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Settlement House |
Important reform institutions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Chicago Hull HOuse was well-known |
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Federal Reserve Act |
Created the Federal Reserve System (the central banking system of the U.S.) |
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Muckraker |
A reform-minded American journalist who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt |
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Seventheent Amendement |
The Senate is composed of two senators per state elected by the people for 6 years |
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Angel Island |
During Pearl Harbor, Chinese were kept there to be questioned. It is off the coast of San Francisco |
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